Plasma membrane HATPase regulation is required for auxin
... need to be transported in or out of a cell with a larger volume than a cell with a smaller volume. In addition, for the nearly cylindrical cells found in etiolated hypocotyls, the ratio of cell surface to cell volume decreases with increasing diameter. Considering that the cell surface is the interf ...
... need to be transported in or out of a cell with a larger volume than a cell with a smaller volume. In addition, for the nearly cylindrical cells found in etiolated hypocotyls, the ratio of cell surface to cell volume decreases with increasing diameter. Considering that the cell surface is the interf ...
Serine/Threonine Kinase 3-Phosphoinositide
... To execute persistent migration, cells establish leading and trailing edges in which different signaling pathways stimulate membrane protrusion and retraction, respectively. In most cases, cell orientation is determined by external gradients of soluble and/or adhesive factors. Even in the absence of ...
... To execute persistent migration, cells establish leading and trailing edges in which different signaling pathways stimulate membrane protrusion and retraction, respectively. In most cases, cell orientation is determined by external gradients of soluble and/or adhesive factors. Even in the absence of ...
PDF
... before their fusion with the myotube templates. Another unique feature of these cells is their migration as a ‘swarm’ of closely associated cells, throughout their transit from the wing disc to the muscle templates (Roy and VijayRaghavan, 1998). It should also be noted that wing morphogenesis and ot ...
... before their fusion with the myotube templates. Another unique feature of these cells is their migration as a ‘swarm’ of closely associated cells, throughout their transit from the wing disc to the muscle templates (Roy and VijayRaghavan, 1998). It should also be noted that wing morphogenesis and ot ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... a scientific investigation. B-1.3 Use scientific instruments to record measurement data in appropriate metric units that reflect the precision and accuracy of each particular instrument. B-1.4 Design a scientific investigation with appropriate methods of control to test a hypothesis (including indep ...
... a scientific investigation. B-1.3 Use scientific instruments to record measurement data in appropriate metric units that reflect the precision and accuracy of each particular instrument. B-1.4 Design a scientific investigation with appropriate methods of control to test a hypothesis (including indep ...
Vaccinia Protein F12 Has Structural Similarity to Kinesin
... viruses (EEVs). CEVs are important for cell-to-cell spread, whereas EEVs mediate long-range dissemination of virus. Defects in either microtubule-based transport of IEV or actin tail formation beneath CEV, cause a small plaque phenotype and severe attenuation [2,3]. This paper concerns the transport ...
... viruses (EEVs). CEVs are important for cell-to-cell spread, whereas EEVs mediate long-range dissemination of virus. Defects in either microtubule-based transport of IEV or actin tail formation beneath CEV, cause a small plaque phenotype and severe attenuation [2,3]. This paper concerns the transport ...
plantcell.org - Photon Systems Instruments
... theraxanthin and violaxanthin (npq2), the development of NPQ is more rapid than in wild-type cells, although the extent of NPQ remains unchanged (Niyogi et al., 1998). Recent research has focused on whether the role of zeaxanthin in thermal dissipation is direct, with zeaxanthin quenching singlet ch ...
... theraxanthin and violaxanthin (npq2), the development of NPQ is more rapid than in wild-type cells, although the extent of NPQ remains unchanged (Niyogi et al., 1998). Recent research has focused on whether the role of zeaxanthin in thermal dissipation is direct, with zeaxanthin quenching singlet ch ...
Diuretics - AState.edu
... Mechanisms of Action: Thiazide Diuretics in the Distal Convoluted Tubule ...
... Mechanisms of Action: Thiazide Diuretics in the Distal Convoluted Tubule ...
Organ-Level Quorum Sensing Directs Regeneration in Hair Stem
... to recruitment of TNF-a-secreting macrophages, which accumulate and signal to both plucked and unplucked follicles. By coupling immune response with regeneration, this mechanism allows skin to respond predictively to distress, disregarding mild injury, while meeting stronger injury with full-scale c ...
... to recruitment of TNF-a-secreting macrophages, which accumulate and signal to both plucked and unplucked follicles. By coupling immune response with regeneration, this mechanism allows skin to respond predictively to distress, disregarding mild injury, while meeting stronger injury with full-scale c ...
Slow muscle regulates the pattern of trunk neural crest migration in
... suggest that zebrafish myotome contains the patterning information attributed to avian sclerotome. This idea is supported by the observation that as neural crest cells begin to migrate along the medial pathway, myotome cells are the first cells they encounter, and the onset of neural crest migration ...
... suggest that zebrafish myotome contains the patterning information attributed to avian sclerotome. This idea is supported by the observation that as neural crest cells begin to migrate along the medial pathway, myotome cells are the first cells they encounter, and the onset of neural crest migration ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... such as reactive oxygen species and proteins that can activate catabolic hydrolases. In most ...
... such as reactive oxygen species and proteins that can activate catabolic hydrolases. In most ...
c-Myc Overexpression Increases Cell Size and Impairs Cartilage
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
THE RENAL ELECTROGENIC Na+:HCO3 COTRANSPORTER
... HCO3−-dependent and DIDS-sensitive pHi changes, we should have made the assay virtually specific for either a 1:3 or 1:2 electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter. We emphasize the specificity of the assay because others have attempted to identify electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporters using much less spe ...
... HCO3−-dependent and DIDS-sensitive pHi changes, we should have made the assay virtually specific for either a 1:3 or 1:2 electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter. We emphasize the specificity of the assay because others have attempted to identify electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporters using much less spe ...
File produced at level 10
... associates with other copies of itself in curved structures that fit exactly around the outer surface of mitochondrial division sites (Figure 8). In the current model, these curved Drp1/Dnm1 structures constrict and pinch off mitochondria using the energy from GTP hydrolysis (Hoppins et al. 2007). W ...
... associates with other copies of itself in curved structures that fit exactly around the outer surface of mitochondrial division sites (Figure 8). In the current model, these curved Drp1/Dnm1 structures constrict and pinch off mitochondria using the energy from GTP hydrolysis (Hoppins et al. 2007). W ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... In addition to the major role that DCs play in induction of immune responses, they also play a very important role in maintaining tolerance. DCs play a major role in negative selection of autoreactive T and B cells in the thymus49, 50, but it has been reported that peripheral DCs may also have the c ...
... In addition to the major role that DCs play in induction of immune responses, they also play a very important role in maintaining tolerance. DCs play a major role in negative selection of autoreactive T and B cells in the thymus49, 50, but it has been reported that peripheral DCs may also have the c ...
The Ultrastructure of Megakaryocytes and Blood
... mature granules and Golgi vesicles. Support for his general concept was obtained from the present study since material was observed within the membrane-enclosed spaces of the Golgi apparatus, which in its density and structure was indistinguishable from the matrix of the platelet granules. Assuming ...
... mature granules and Golgi vesicles. Support for his general concept was obtained from the present study since material was observed within the membrane-enclosed spaces of the Golgi apparatus, which in its density and structure was indistinguishable from the matrix of the platelet granules. Assuming ...
Tolerance Induction and the Immunobiology of FVIII in Hemophilia A
... Mohammad also became a very close friend and one of my biggest supporters. I could not have done it without you, Mohammad – Thank you. Dr. Rouzbeh Chegeni taught me molecular biology, and also became a very close friend. Our conversations about life and about science shaped this thesis and much more ...
... Mohammad also became a very close friend and one of my biggest supporters. I could not have done it without you, Mohammad – Thank you. Dr. Rouzbeh Chegeni taught me molecular biology, and also became a very close friend. Our conversations about life and about science shaped this thesis and much more ...
Actin branching in the initiation and maintenance of lamellipodia
... the actin filaments, readily identified from their characteristic helical substructure, organized in a diagonal array. The thickness of Rac induced lamellipodia was generally less than observed in fibroblasts used in our previous study (Urban et al, 2010) and resulted in a corresponding improvement ...
... the actin filaments, readily identified from their characteristic helical substructure, organized in a diagonal array. The thickness of Rac induced lamellipodia was generally less than observed in fibroblasts used in our previous study (Urban et al, 2010) and resulted in a corresponding improvement ...
File
... site for mRNA. • Serves as a signal transducer. • An essential component of the cell’s division machinery. ...
... site for mRNA. • Serves as a signal transducer. • An essential component of the cell’s division machinery. ...
Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis Induced by Mitochondrial
... TR3, an immediate-early response gene and an orphan member of the steroidthyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates apoptosis through an unknown mechanism. In response to apoptotic stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome ...
... TR3, an immediate-early response gene and an orphan member of the steroidthyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates apoptosis through an unknown mechanism. In response to apoptotic stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome ...
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for
... canonical bull’s eye pattern with a center TCR island surrounded by CD28 and PD-1, with the latter partially excluded from the TCR rich zone (145 sec, Fig. 1B). Some degree of CD28 / PD-1 coclustering was also detected in the absence of pMHC, though the two coreceptors remain largely diffuse without ...
... canonical bull’s eye pattern with a center TCR island surrounded by CD28 and PD-1, with the latter partially excluded from the TCR rich zone (145 sec, Fig. 1B). Some degree of CD28 / PD-1 coclustering was also detected in the absence of pMHC, though the two coreceptors remain largely diffuse without ...
CXCR4 and CXCR7 Have Distinct Functions in Regulating
... signaling, whereas CXCl12 binding to CXCR7 does not activate Gai signaling (Levoye et al., 2009; Sierro et al., 2007). On the other hand, many lines of evidence indicate that CXCR7 has an important role in regulating cell signaling in culture and in vivo. In developing zebrafish, CXCR4 and CXCR7 are ...
... signaling, whereas CXCl12 binding to CXCR7 does not activate Gai signaling (Levoye et al., 2009; Sierro et al., 2007). On the other hand, many lines of evidence indicate that CXCR7 has an important role in regulating cell signaling in culture and in vivo. In developing zebrafish, CXCR4 and CXCR7 are ...
Uses of Nanoparticles for Central Nervous System Imaging and
... therapeutic drugs can be sequestered for transport to target sites, thereby protecting drugs from actions at nonintended targets and from degradation.13 Like many other types of nanoparticles, ligands that bind biologic targets can be attached to the surface of liposomes for targeted delivery. These ...
... therapeutic drugs can be sequestered for transport to target sites, thereby protecting drugs from actions at nonintended targets and from degradation.13 Like many other types of nanoparticles, ligands that bind biologic targets can be attached to the surface of liposomes for targeted delivery. These ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... only accelerated vacuole rupture in TEs, but also induced vacuole rupture in non-TEs, although in these, it occurred asynchronously after a long delay (Kuriyama, 1999). Therefore, cells were incubated with 100 m probenecid for 12 h and were loaded with SYTO16. Non-TEs in which the vacuole had ruptu ...
... only accelerated vacuole rupture in TEs, but also induced vacuole rupture in non-TEs, although in these, it occurred asynchronously after a long delay (Kuriyama, 1999). Therefore, cells were incubated with 100 m probenecid for 12 h and were loaded with SYTO16. Non-TEs in which the vacuole had ruptu ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.