The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning
... the absorptive area, particularly in the Pi-rich topsoil layer. The coordination of shoot and root responses involves trafficking of systemic signals, such as sugar, microRNAs and hormones, through the vasculature to tune the responses in roots (Lin et al., 2014). The morphological responses of root ...
... the absorptive area, particularly in the Pi-rich topsoil layer. The coordination of shoot and root responses involves trafficking of systemic signals, such as sugar, microRNAs and hormones, through the vasculature to tune the responses in roots (Lin et al., 2014). The morphological responses of root ...
On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell
... The first evidence for the existence of genetic information specific for the control of cell death was provided by pioneering experiments on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,12,16,65 ± 69 a metazoan whose phylogenic divergence predates ours by several hundred million years and whose body is const ...
... The first evidence for the existence of genetic information specific for the control of cell death was provided by pioneering experiments on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,12,16,65 ± 69 a metazoan whose phylogenic divergence predates ours by several hundred million years and whose body is const ...
Plasticity in Cell Division Patterns and Auxin
... a context-dependent manner. During embryo development, the PIN7-directed flow of auxin from the basal to the apical cell of the two-celled embryo establishes the embryo proper, while reversal of this flow at the globular stage by the polar localization of PIN1 and PIN4 toward the hypophysis establishe ...
... a context-dependent manner. During embryo development, the PIN7-directed flow of auxin from the basal to the apical cell of the two-celled embryo establishes the embryo proper, while reversal of this flow at the globular stage by the polar localization of PIN1 and PIN4 toward the hypophysis establishe ...
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... adjacent tissue. By stage 24, when the digits have yet to be specified (Summerbell, 19746), the ZPA is too far from the tip to exert its polarizing activity (Summerbell, 1974a). It follows that the cells at the tip remember their exposure to the ZPA when they go on to form a reduplication. They may ...
... adjacent tissue. By stage 24, when the digits have yet to be specified (Summerbell, 19746), the ZPA is too far from the tip to exert its polarizing activity (Summerbell, 1974a). It follows that the cells at the tip remember their exposure to the ZPA when they go on to form a reduplication. They may ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... 15 for interphase and 40 for metaphase cells, were taken at a step size of 0.3 µm. Images were deconvolved using SoftWorx (Applied Precision). Deconvolved manually cropped sections were assembled into a 3D image using Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). The background value subtracted from each vox ...
... 15 for interphase and 40 for metaphase cells, were taken at a step size of 0.3 µm. Images were deconvolved using SoftWorx (Applied Precision). Deconvolved manually cropped sections were assembled into a 3D image using Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). The background value subtracted from each vox ...
Partially differentiated polyfunctional T cells dominate
... frequency and phenotype of circulating T cells and cytokine quantification in serum samples at different time points up to 12 weeks after treatment. Relevant changes observed with these analyses were monitored in pre- and post-treatment tumor biopsies by immunofluorescence staining. Results Here we ...
... frequency and phenotype of circulating T cells and cytokine quantification in serum samples at different time points up to 12 weeks after treatment. Relevant changes observed with these analyses were monitored in pre- and post-treatment tumor biopsies by immunofluorescence staining. Results Here we ...
Good news in the nuclear envelope: loss of lamin A might be a gain
... might reduce levels of mature lamin A, since FTIs also inhibit the maturation of wild-type lamin A. In light of the dispensability of lamin A, these concerns are now greatly ameliorated for both approaches, although it is still unknown whether FTIs might have negative effects on other farnesylated p ...
... might reduce levels of mature lamin A, since FTIs also inhibit the maturation of wild-type lamin A. In light of the dispensability of lamin A, these concerns are now greatly ameliorated for both approaches, although it is still unknown whether FTIs might have negative effects on other farnesylated p ...
Protection by chlorpromazine, albumin and bivalent cations against
... addition of the cells and the peptides into the cuvette. In other words, after dilution and equilibration in the cuvette, RBC became several times more sensitive to lytic action of the same amount of peptide. The magnitude of this effect is larger using bee venom and melittin as compared with P14A, ...
... addition of the cells and the peptides into the cuvette. In other words, after dilution and equilibration in the cuvette, RBC became several times more sensitive to lytic action of the same amount of peptide. The magnitude of this effect is larger using bee venom and melittin as compared with P14A, ...
Approach to the interpretation of endometrial biopsies and curettings
... On examination under low power, the initial clue to the presence of a polyp is often the admixture of fragments of a normal cyclical endometrium and fragments that are morphologically different The morphological feature often seen in polyp: Fibrous stroma collections of thick‐walled stromal blood ve ...
... On examination under low power, the initial clue to the presence of a polyp is often the admixture of fragments of a normal cyclical endometrium and fragments that are morphologically different The morphological feature often seen in polyp: Fibrous stroma collections of thick‐walled stromal blood ve ...
VP5 autocleavage is required for efficient infection by in vitro
... between residues Asn42 and Pro43 near the N terminus of the intact protein (Nibert et al., 1991, 2005). In addition, infection with intact virions, but not ISVPs, can be blocked by treating cells with a weak base, such as NH4Cl, that inhibits the proteolysis of m1 within cells (Chandran & Nibert, 19 ...
... between residues Asn42 and Pro43 near the N terminus of the intact protein (Nibert et al., 1991, 2005). In addition, infection with intact virions, but not ISVPs, can be blocked by treating cells with a weak base, such as NH4Cl, that inhibits the proteolysis of m1 within cells (Chandran & Nibert, 19 ...
The plant Golgi apparatus—Going with the flow
... Golgi-derived vesicles [12,52,53]. In the former case, hybrid membrane structures composed of ER and Golgi have been reported in tobacco BY2 cells [54]. Such effects appear to depend on cell type and/or physiological conditions of the cells. The occurrence of specific molecular machinery associated ...
... Golgi-derived vesicles [12,52,53]. In the former case, hybrid membrane structures composed of ER and Golgi have been reported in tobacco BY2 cells [54]. Such effects appear to depend on cell type and/or physiological conditions of the cells. The occurrence of specific molecular machinery associated ...
FERRITIN: A POTENT INHIBITOR OF VASCULAR CALCIFICATION
... vascular calcification. These studies have revealed that the mechanism of vascular calcification is complex and multifactorial. In this regard, increased level of Pi that is a common finding in later stages of CKD has been shown to be a major culprit of transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle ...
... vascular calcification. These studies have revealed that the mechanism of vascular calcification is complex and multifactorial. In this regard, increased level of Pi that is a common finding in later stages of CKD has been shown to be a major culprit of transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle ...
Roles of ATR1 paralogs YMR279c and YOR378w in boron
... 3.2. Expression analyses of YMR279c and YOR378w in response to boron A physiological stress response gene is expected to be induced upon treatment with its stressor. Since YMR279c can function as a boron tolerance gene, we investigated whether boron stress is transduced to transcriptional machinery ...
... 3.2. Expression analyses of YMR279c and YOR378w in response to boron A physiological stress response gene is expected to be induced upon treatment with its stressor. Since YMR279c can function as a boron tolerance gene, we investigated whether boron stress is transduced to transcriptional machinery ...
Salivary gland development in Drosophila
... segments when SCR is expressed everywhere, some downstream genes, such as fork head (fkh), are also induced in more posterior segments (Panzer et al., 1992). This observation suggests differences among salivary gland genes with respect to which anterior-posterior regulators limit their expression. H ...
... segments when SCR is expressed everywhere, some downstream genes, such as fork head (fkh), are also induced in more posterior segments (Panzer et al., 1992). This observation suggests differences among salivary gland genes with respect to which anterior-posterior regulators limit their expression. H ...
Essential oils in food preservation
... the most active antimicrobial compounds of essential oils is cumbersome because essential oils are complex mixtures of up to 45 different constituents (Delaquis et al., 2002; Djenane et al., 2011; Espina et al., 2011), and the composition of a particular essential oil may vary depending on the seaso ...
... the most active antimicrobial compounds of essential oils is cumbersome because essential oils are complex mixtures of up to 45 different constituents (Delaquis et al., 2002; Djenane et al., 2011; Espina et al., 2011), and the composition of a particular essential oil may vary depending on the seaso ...
effects of light on photosynthesis, grazing, and population dynamics
... fixed in 2% Lugol’s, and at least 60 cells were immediately measured for estimation of cell volume using a digital camera (DVC) and Northern Eclipse image analysis software (Empix Imaging, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). Gross growth efficiencies (GGEs) (biomass of P. piscicida produced/biomass ...
... fixed in 2% Lugol’s, and at least 60 cells were immediately measured for estimation of cell volume using a digital camera (DVC) and Northern Eclipse image analysis software (Empix Imaging, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). Gross growth efficiencies (GGEs) (biomass of P. piscicida produced/biomass ...
Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi
... Brown algae - contain chlorophyll a & c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin ...
... Brown algae - contain chlorophyll a & c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin ...
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... Microcystis cells and were probably the cause of distortion. In the control there were no plaques except green Microcystis lawn and the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show any visible distortion of cell structure. Bacteria were scrapped from the plaque zones and Gram-stained results sh ...
... Microcystis cells and were probably the cause of distortion. In the control there were no plaques except green Microcystis lawn and the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show any visible distortion of cell structure. Bacteria were scrapped from the plaque zones and Gram-stained results sh ...
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells
... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
About Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma What Is Non
... bacteria that causes many stomach ulcers). MALT lymphoma might also start in the lung, skin, thyroid, salivary glands, or tissues surrounding the eye. Usually the lymphoma stays in the area where it begins and is not widespread. Many of these other MALT lymphomas have also been linked to infections ...
... bacteria that causes many stomach ulcers). MALT lymphoma might also start in the lung, skin, thyroid, salivary glands, or tissues surrounding the eye. Usually the lymphoma stays in the area where it begins and is not widespread. Many of these other MALT lymphomas have also been linked to infections ...
Organelle Assembly in Yeast: Characterization of
... In an effort to identify components of the vacuolar protein sorting apparatus, we recently isolated a number of mutants that exhibit defects in the proper localization and processing of several vacuolar proteins. These vacuolar protein targeting (vpt) mutants were identified using a gene fusion-base ...
... In an effort to identify components of the vacuolar protein sorting apparatus, we recently isolated a number of mutants that exhibit defects in the proper localization and processing of several vacuolar proteins. These vacuolar protein targeting (vpt) mutants were identified using a gene fusion-base ...
Symplasmic networks in secondary vascular tissues
... away from the phloem along the entire length of the stem. Parenchyma storing carbohydrates in both xylem and phloem may function as diffuse, local sources—even of water—and contribute to phloem turgor gradients (Sevanto et al., 2011, 2013). The fact that trees do not have large pressure gradients in ...
... away from the phloem along the entire length of the stem. Parenchyma storing carbohydrates in both xylem and phloem may function as diffuse, local sources—even of water—and contribute to phloem turgor gradients (Sevanto et al., 2011, 2013). The fact that trees do not have large pressure gradients in ...
O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitors: current tools and
... Other compounds that have been constructed to target OGT directly can be classified into two categories: small molecule and bisubstrate inhibitors. The first group mimics and competes with the donor substrate and includes UDP, alloxan, compound 4, BZX and OSMI-1. However, most of these are likely to ...
... Other compounds that have been constructed to target OGT directly can be classified into two categories: small molecule and bisubstrate inhibitors. The first group mimics and competes with the donor substrate and includes UDP, alloxan, compound 4, BZX and OSMI-1. However, most of these are likely to ...
Platelet Adhesion to Exposed Endothelial Cell Extracellular Matrixes
... umbilical endothelial cells (ECs) was studied underflowconditions. ECMs were prepared using a number of physical and chemical methods, and their reactivity toward platelets was morphometrically evaluated, von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibronectin (FN), and 13-hydroxy9-cis,ll-
... umbilical endothelial cells (ECs) was studied underflowconditions. ECMs were prepared using a number of physical and chemical methods, and their reactivity toward platelets was morphometrically evaluated, von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibronectin (FN), and 13-hydroxy9-cis,ll-
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.