Divergence between motoneurons: gene
... based on the targets they innervate. Despite their common developmental lineage, each of the three aforementioned columnar cell types is clearly unique with respect to gene expression during embryonic development (23, 51, 52, 58, 62). These differences help establish appropriate connectivity, leadin ...
... based on the targets they innervate. Despite their common developmental lineage, each of the three aforementioned columnar cell types is clearly unique with respect to gene expression during embryonic development (23, 51, 52, 58, 62). These differences help establish appropriate connectivity, leadin ...
Polycystin-2 functions as an intracellular calcium release channel.
... suggests that polycystin-1 and -2 function along a common pathway. This hypothesis is supported by a variety of observations, including the similarity of phenotypes between mouse knockouts of either gene6,7, the discovery that the two proteins interact8,9 and the identity of the phenotypes caused by ...
... suggests that polycystin-1 and -2 function along a common pathway. This hypothesis is supported by a variety of observations, including the similarity of phenotypes between mouse knockouts of either gene6,7, the discovery that the two proteins interact8,9 and the identity of the phenotypes caused by ...
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell 1) The
... Section: 6.6 47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energ ...
... Section: 6.6 47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energ ...
cell cycle
... Without full chromosome attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Without full chromosome attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Blm10 binds to preactivated proteasome core particles with open
... channels within both outer a-rings. In particular, interactions between distinct amino-terminal residues of a3 and a4 prevent the entry of substrates by imposing closure on the CP (Groll et al, 2000). Thus, CP activity is inhibited or latent under physiological conditions. In vitro, latent CP activi ...
... channels within both outer a-rings. In particular, interactions between distinct amino-terminal residues of a3 and a4 prevent the entry of substrates by imposing closure on the CP (Groll et al, 2000). Thus, CP activity is inhibited or latent under physiological conditions. In vitro, latent CP activi ...
Functional differences between kindlin-1 and kindlin
... b6 integrins to recruit distinct intracellular signaling and adaptor proteins accounts for some of the differences between them. Recent work has highlighted the importance of kindlins for the normal functioning of integrins (Larjava et al., 2008; Meves et al., 2009). Kindlins are FERM-domain-contain ...
... b6 integrins to recruit distinct intracellular signaling and adaptor proteins accounts for some of the differences between them. Recent work has highlighted the importance of kindlins for the normal functioning of integrins (Larjava et al., 2008; Meves et al., 2009). Kindlins are FERM-domain-contain ...
Replication of Marburg Virus in Human Endothelial Cells
... severe hemorrhagic manifestations. The pathophysiologic events that make filovirus infections of humans so devastating are still obscure. The viruses are pantropic, but no single organ shows sufficient damage to account for either the onset of the severe shock syndrome or the bleeding tendency ( 18 ...
... severe hemorrhagic manifestations. The pathophysiologic events that make filovirus infections of humans so devastating are still obscure. The viruses are pantropic, but no single organ shows sufficient damage to account for either the onset of the severe shock syndrome or the bleeding tendency ( 18 ...
Isolation and Pure Culture of a Freshwater Magnetic Spirillum in
... Assessing culture magnetism. Cultures were routinely checked for their magnetic response by microscopically noting the fraction of cells present which turned when a small magnetic stirring bar was rotated approximately 10 cm away from the microscope slide. Mass cultures. Cells of strain MS-I in the ...
... Assessing culture magnetism. Cultures were routinely checked for their magnetic response by microscopically noting the fraction of cells present which turned when a small magnetic stirring bar was rotated approximately 10 cm away from the microscope slide. Mass cultures. Cells of strain MS-I in the ...
PERSPECTIVE
... molecule may function through a relay of intermediate signals within the target cells2. An additional criterion central to proving whether a signalling molecule is a morphogen is the demonstration that it functions directly on the target cell, thereby implying that each cell in the field of the morp ...
... molecule may function through a relay of intermediate signals within the target cells2. An additional criterion central to proving whether a signalling molecule is a morphogen is the demonstration that it functions directly on the target cell, thereby implying that each cell in the field of the morp ...
RUNX/AML and C/EBP factors regulate CD11a
... clinical symptoms are secondary to the lack of phagocyte migration into inflammatory sites.1,2 CD11a/CD18 also participates in T-cell and lymphoma metastasis,3 and ischemia-reperfusion syndromes, myocardial infarction, and allograft rejection have their origin in uncontrolled CD11a/CD18-dependent ph ...
... clinical symptoms are secondary to the lack of phagocyte migration into inflammatory sites.1,2 CD11a/CD18 also participates in T-cell and lymphoma metastasis,3 and ischemia-reperfusion syndromes, myocardial infarction, and allograft rejection have their origin in uncontrolled CD11a/CD18-dependent ph ...
Regulative interactions in zebrafish neural crest
... that a cell’s presumptive fate is different from its potential was first recognized by Driesch (1892). Restrictions in potential can be identified experimentally by challenging cells with new environments and determining whether they change their developmental program. Zebrafish neural crest cells e ...
... that a cell’s presumptive fate is different from its potential was first recognized by Driesch (1892). Restrictions in potential can be identified experimentally by challenging cells with new environments and determining whether they change their developmental program. Zebrafish neural crest cells e ...
Signal Requirements for the Generation of CD4+ and CD8+ T
... early stages of rejection, with perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates and interendothelial cell gaps rapidly progressing to blood vessel lining disruption.5 The immunohistological demonstration of EC involvement in allogeneic as well as self-directed immune response has prompted a number of in v ...
... early stages of rejection, with perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates and interendothelial cell gaps rapidly progressing to blood vessel lining disruption.5 The immunohistological demonstration of EC involvement in allogeneic as well as self-directed immune response has prompted a number of in v ...
Local opening of the DNA double helix in eukaryotic cells detected by
... changes in the DNA helix geometry, including single-base mismatches, base unstacking, structural distortion in the vicinity of drug-binding sites, and single-strand interruptions, increase the accessibility of the double bond to attack by the chemical probe. Supercoil-stabilized local DNA structures ...
... changes in the DNA helix geometry, including single-base mismatches, base unstacking, structural distortion in the vicinity of drug-binding sites, and single-strand interruptions, increase the accessibility of the double bond to attack by the chemical probe. Supercoil-stabilized local DNA structures ...
think!
... Cell Structure: Slime molds are multicellular mass when they are clumped together as seen above. They are beautifully colored with many being a bright yellow. ...
... Cell Structure: Slime molds are multicellular mass when they are clumped together as seen above. They are beautifully colored with many being a bright yellow. ...
Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants
... Why do epidermal cells not adhere on contact? When two leaves or stems of the same plant come into chance contact they do not fuse, but remain distinct. Likewise pollen tubes that germinate on an epidermal surface other than the stigma do not interact with it. However during flower formation in many ...
... Why do epidermal cells not adhere on contact? When two leaves or stems of the same plant come into chance contact they do not fuse, but remain distinct. Likewise pollen tubes that germinate on an epidermal surface other than the stigma do not interact with it. However during flower formation in many ...
Multiple Inducers of the Drosophila Heat Shock Locus 93D (hsro
... al., 1989). In each case the sequence analysis confirms the homology suggested by the phenotype of the puff. The hsroJ locus is expressed in nonstressed cells but the level of the transcripts is significantly increased by heat shock. In both stressed and control cells, three transcripts (Fig. 1) are ...
... al., 1989). In each case the sequence analysis confirms the homology suggested by the phenotype of the puff. The hsroJ locus is expressed in nonstressed cells but the level of the transcripts is significantly increased by heat shock. In both stressed and control cells, three transcripts (Fig. 1) are ...
Geranylgeranylated Proteins are Involved in the Regulation of
... implicated in the protection against apoptosis, whereas activation of the PI-3K (4, 12, 13), nuclear factor-nB (10, 11), and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (14) induces proliferation in myeloma cell lines. GTPases of the Ras and Rho families cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and a ...
... implicated in the protection against apoptosis, whereas activation of the PI-3K (4, 12, 13), nuclear factor-nB (10, 11), and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (14) induces proliferation in myeloma cell lines. GTPases of the Ras and Rho families cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and a ...
Minus End-Directed Kinesin-Like Motor Protein
... undergo a profound transformation during mitosis. In Haemanthus endosperm, the metaphase spindle is predominantly barrel-shaped, but usually becomes convergent in anaphase [Smirnova and Bajer, 1994]. The change of spindle shape in anaphase is an important feature of mitosis, preventing formation of ...
... undergo a profound transformation during mitosis. In Haemanthus endosperm, the metaphase spindle is predominantly barrel-shaped, but usually becomes convergent in anaphase [Smirnova and Bajer, 1994]. The change of spindle shape in anaphase is an important feature of mitosis, preventing formation of ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 04
... cilia or flagella. In fact it has been shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts do indeed have their own DNA and their own ribosomes. Their ribosomes are of the kind found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and their DNA is circular. In some species, there appear to be remnants of a cell wall surroundi ...
... cilia or flagella. In fact it has been shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts do indeed have their own DNA and their own ribosomes. Their ribosomes are of the kind found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and their DNA is circular. In some species, there appear to be remnants of a cell wall surroundi ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... cilia or flagella. In fact it has been shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts do indeed have their own DNA and their own ribosomes. Their ribosomes are of the kind found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and their DNA is circular. In some species, there appear to be remnants of a cell wall surroundi ...
... cilia or flagella. In fact it has been shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts do indeed have their own DNA and their own ribosomes. Their ribosomes are of the kind found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and their DNA is circular. In some species, there appear to be remnants of a cell wall surroundi ...
... glycosidic bond (Figure 1) [2]. These compounds are mainly used as additives in pharmaceutical and food industry, or additives. It has been reported that hydrolysed anthocyanins (i.e. anthocyanidins) have a positive effect reducing the growth of tumors [3]. There are different ways to produce anthoc ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... cilia or flagella. In fact it has been shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts do indeed have their own DNA and their own ribosomes. Their ribosomes are of the kind found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and their DNA is circular. In some species, there appear to be remnants of a cell wall surroundi ...
... cilia or flagella. In fact it has been shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts do indeed have their own DNA and their own ribosomes. Their ribosomes are of the kind found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and their DNA is circular. In some species, there appear to be remnants of a cell wall surroundi ...
The Abundance of Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Cdc4p Is
... yeast has 11 E2s, and it is believed that each E2 is responsible for ubiquitinating distinct substrates. Although a free E2 enzyme may directly transfer Ub onto a substrate in a purified system, this reaction is promoted by additional proteins referred to as E3s or ubiquitin protein ligases. Some E3 ...
... yeast has 11 E2s, and it is believed that each E2 is responsible for ubiquitinating distinct substrates. Although a free E2 enzyme may directly transfer Ub onto a substrate in a purified system, this reaction is promoted by additional proteins referred to as E3s or ubiquitin protein ligases. Some E3 ...
Introduction Cell Cycle
... 1.1. Growth and division The “dream” of every cell is to become two cells (Jacob, 1971). Or, in less anthropocentric words, the fate of a cell is to duplicate. Living organisms have developed from inanimate systems by selection for the function of duplication (Hartwell et al., 1999). By continuous d ...
... 1.1. Growth and division The “dream” of every cell is to become two cells (Jacob, 1971). Or, in less anthropocentric words, the fate of a cell is to duplicate. Living organisms have developed from inanimate systems by selection for the function of duplication (Hartwell et al., 1999). By continuous d ...
Genome-wide analysis of the sox family in the calcareous
... early evolutionary history of the Sox gene family by identification and expression analysis of Sox genes in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum. Methods: Calcaronean Sox related sequences were retrieved by searching recently generated genomic and transcriptome sequence resources and analyzed using ...
... early evolutionary history of the Sox gene family by identification and expression analysis of Sox genes in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum. Methods: Calcaronean Sox related sequences were retrieved by searching recently generated genomic and transcriptome sequence resources and analyzed using ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.