The World of Cells Kinds of Cells Tour of a Eukaryotic Cell Transport
... area. Cells in the nervous system, for example, called neurons, are long slender cells, extending more than a meter in length. These cells efficiently interact with their environment because although they are long, they are thin, some less than 1 micrometer in diameter, and so their interior regions ...
... area. Cells in the nervous system, for example, called neurons, are long slender cells, extending more than a meter in length. These cells efficiently interact with their environment because although they are long, they are thin, some less than 1 micrometer in diameter, and so their interior regions ...
Characterization of Dependencies Between Growth and
... These time-lapse datasets also allow investigation of correlations between measurements made at different cell cycles, an important gap in our understanding of coordination between growth and division. In multicellular systems, coordination of division among cells has important implications for high ...
... These time-lapse datasets also allow investigation of correlations between measurements made at different cell cycles, an important gap in our understanding of coordination between growth and division. In multicellular systems, coordination of division among cells has important implications for high ...
division plane control in plants: new players in the band
... FASS-dependent dephosphorylation for its localization at the cortical division site. Consistent with this possibility, one TAN phosphorylation site was recently identified in a survey of Arabidopsis phosphoproteins [53] and many other potential phosphorylation sites are found throughout the TAN prot ...
... FASS-dependent dephosphorylation for its localization at the cortical division site. Consistent with this possibility, one TAN phosphorylation site was recently identified in a survey of Arabidopsis phosphoproteins [53] and many other potential phosphorylation sites are found throughout the TAN prot ...
Switching the Cell Cycle. Kip-Related Proteins in Plant Cell
... CDK-cyclin complex, respectively. In contrast, inhibitors of the Kip/Cip family (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2) bind and inhibit a broader range of CDKs and function in dimeric as well as heterotrimeric complexes with CDKs and cyclins; all share a conserved inhibitory domain at their N terminus. Kip ...
... CDK-cyclin complex, respectively. In contrast, inhibitors of the Kip/Cip family (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2) bind and inhibit a broader range of CDKs and function in dimeric as well as heterotrimeric complexes with CDKs and cyclins; all share a conserved inhibitory domain at their N terminus. Kip ...
Coupling cellular oscillators—circadian and cell division cycles in cyanobacteria Bernardo F Pando
... observed in other organisms as well, especially in mammals, and researchers have been investigating how the coupling is implemented in those systems. Matsuo et al. [32] observed circadian gating of cell divisions in the regenerating liver of mice and proved that the gene Wee1 plays a central role in ...
... observed in other organisms as well, especially in mammals, and researchers have been investigating how the coupling is implemented in those systems. Matsuo et al. [32] observed circadian gating of cell divisions in the regenerating liver of mice and proved that the gene Wee1 plays a central role in ...
The regulation of Krox-20 expression reveals important steps in the
... conditions, even after 5 days of co-culture, only a low level of β-galactosidase activity was detected and the staining was again highly localised (Fig. 2E and data not shown). Altogether, these findings suggest that efficient Krox-20 induction in Schwann cells requires direct axonal contact. Severa ...
... conditions, even after 5 days of co-culture, only a low level of β-galactosidase activity was detected and the staining was again highly localised (Fig. 2E and data not shown). Altogether, these findings suggest that efficient Krox-20 induction in Schwann cells requires direct axonal contact. Severa ...
Document
... Without full chromosome attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Without full chromosome attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Dormancy and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells
... ago that the surgical process employed to remove the primary tumor might itself promote metastasis (reviewed by [19]). There is also evidence that recombinant PTH (aa 1-34) which enhances bone turnover, also causes increased bone metastasis in rodents and possibly in humans [20, 21]. Given this anec ...
... ago that the surgical process employed to remove the primary tumor might itself promote metastasis (reviewed by [19]). There is also evidence that recombinant PTH (aa 1-34) which enhances bone turnover, also causes increased bone metastasis in rodents and possibly in humans [20, 21]. Given this anec ...
Humoral Immunology
... acid sequence - which are exposed on the outer surface of viral protein molecules. The specific sequence of amino acids that constitute this oligopeptide antigen may be present uniquely on one particular type of virus and not present in any other protein found in a normal, uninfected cell or tissue. ...
... acid sequence - which are exposed on the outer surface of viral protein molecules. The specific sequence of amino acids that constitute this oligopeptide antigen may be present uniquely on one particular type of virus and not present in any other protein found in a normal, uninfected cell or tissue. ...
Gene Section SEMA3F (sema domain, immunoglobulin domain 3F)
... between somites in which they are expressed. However, Sema3A and Sema3F-induced ERK1 / ERK2 inhibition is unrelated to the ability of VEGF to induce phosphorylation of VEGFR2, suggesting that while antagonistic the semaphorin effects may not be directly competitive in terms of binding. A major conse ...
... between somites in which they are expressed. However, Sema3A and Sema3F-induced ERK1 / ERK2 inhibition is unrelated to the ability of VEGF to induce phosphorylation of VEGFR2, suggesting that while antagonistic the semaphorin effects may not be directly competitive in terms of binding. A major conse ...
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana
... a11 eukaryotes (Jacobs, 1992; Nigg, 1993). The kinase activity of CDKs is regulated by subunits called cyclins, which are involved in the modification of the phosphorylation state, the specificity, and the subcellular location of the enzymes. Although these mechanisms are supposed to occur in a11 eu ...
... a11 eukaryotes (Jacobs, 1992; Nigg, 1993). The kinase activity of CDKs is regulated by subunits called cyclins, which are involved in the modification of the phosphorylation state, the specificity, and the subcellular location of the enzymes. Although these mechanisms are supposed to occur in a11 eu ...
pensum for kjb 491-1997
... Mechanisms of autophagosome biogenesis (Rubinsztein, D.C., Shpilka, T., and Elazar, Z. Current Biology 22 (2012) R29-R34 (5 pages)). Endosomal coat proteins and sorting Structures and mechanisms of vesicle coat components and multisubunit tethering complexes (Jackson, L.P., Kümmel, D., Reinisch, K. ...
... Mechanisms of autophagosome biogenesis (Rubinsztein, D.C., Shpilka, T., and Elazar, Z. Current Biology 22 (2012) R29-R34 (5 pages)). Endosomal coat proteins and sorting Structures and mechanisms of vesicle coat components and multisubunit tethering complexes (Jackson, L.P., Kümmel, D., Reinisch, K. ...
Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton
... Evolutionary perspective Proteins that make up the fibers are very similar in all living things ...
... Evolutionary perspective Proteins that make up the fibers are very similar in all living things ...
To read this - MHE Research Foundation
... cells surrounded by wild-type cells) developed multiple osteochodromas on their long bones and other MHE related phenotypes, indicating that the sporadic loss of HS synthesis may represent the underlying cause for the MHE pathology (30,31). While these studies have been critical in establishing the ...
... cells surrounded by wild-type cells) developed multiple osteochodromas on their long bones and other MHE related phenotypes, indicating that the sporadic loss of HS synthesis may represent the underlying cause for the MHE pathology (30,31). While these studies have been critical in establishing the ...
Diefenbach, A., and D.H. Raulet. 2002. The innate immune response to tumors and its role in the induction of T cell immunity. Immunological Reviews 188:9-21.
... (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells and antibodies, can exert potent activity against these types of tumors in vitro. Depletion of NK cells from mice often reduces the resistance of the mice to transplanted tumor cell lines (5–7). Furthermore, many murine tumor cell lines are at least somewhat immunog ...
... (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells and antibodies, can exert potent activity against these types of tumors in vitro. Depletion of NK cells from mice often reduces the resistance of the mice to transplanted tumor cell lines (5–7). Furthermore, many murine tumor cell lines are at least somewhat immunog ...
Nuclear Translocation of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptors
... al., 1993; Presta et al., 1991) suggesting that signals other than those provided by direct receptor activation are required for cell proliferation. Some of the mitogenic signals may be provided by FGFs themselves. Unlike other growth factors, internalized FGFs are surprisingly stable, persisting in ...
... al., 1993; Presta et al., 1991) suggesting that signals other than those provided by direct receptor activation are required for cell proliferation. Some of the mitogenic signals may be provided by FGFs themselves. Unlike other growth factors, internalized FGFs are surprisingly stable, persisting in ...
Pattern formation during gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo
... 1991) have begun to identify genes and growth factors that appear to be involved in specification of the embryonic axes. Presumably then, in those embryos as well as in the sea urchin, the cells, upon receiving the appropriate axial information, go on to perform the embryonic function appropriate to ...
... 1991) have begun to identify genes and growth factors that appear to be involved in specification of the embryonic axes. Presumably then, in those embryos as well as in the sea urchin, the cells, upon receiving the appropriate axial information, go on to perform the embryonic function appropriate to ...
Tissues - Trisha Hanka`s VTI site
... • Composed of collagen fibers that has been manufactured by fibroblasts. • If granulation tissue becomes too thick, will be called _______________________. • Granulation tissue is slowly replaced by ...
... • Composed of collagen fibers that has been manufactured by fibroblasts. • If granulation tissue becomes too thick, will be called _______________________. • Granulation tissue is slowly replaced by ...
The Plant Cell Wall Integrity Maintenance
... chemical or physical stimuli into quantitative chemical signals, which lead to modifications in cell wall and cellular metabolism that in turn bring about specific changes in wall structure and composition. An example of such a mechanism is the plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism, ...
... chemical or physical stimuli into quantitative chemical signals, which lead to modifications in cell wall and cellular metabolism that in turn bring about specific changes in wall structure and composition. An example of such a mechanism is the plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism, ...
Characterization of Organelles in the Vacuolar
... The receptors are a type I integral membrane protein with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motifs in the lumenal domain. The lumenal domains of PV72 (our unpublished data) and BP-80 (Paris et al. 1997) are involved in ligand binding, while the cytosolic tail of BP-80 is reported to be involved in ...
... The receptors are a type I integral membrane protein with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motifs in the lumenal domain. The lumenal domains of PV72 (our unpublished data) and BP-80 (Paris et al. 1997) are involved in ligand binding, while the cytosolic tail of BP-80 is reported to be involved in ...
Dates and Date Functions
... If you were to enter the date value 1/1/1900 in a cell, and then display formulas (or format it as a number), you would see 1 in the cell because that is the first date ...
... If you were to enter the date value 1/1/1900 in a cell, and then display formulas (or format it as a number), you would see 1 in the cell because that is the first date ...
The yeast integral membrane protein Apq12 potentially links
... Because of these genetic interactions, we examined the localization of several Nup-GFP fusion proteins in apq12∆ cells at 23°C (Fig. 2). We also examined the localization of Nup159/Rat7 and Pom152 by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using antibodies directed against each protein. Nuclear basket comp ...
... Because of these genetic interactions, we examined the localization of several Nup-GFP fusion proteins in apq12∆ cells at 23°C (Fig. 2). We also examined the localization of Nup159/Rat7 and Pom152 by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using antibodies directed against each protein. Nuclear basket comp ...
The Role of Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen in
... eties is the pancarcinoma T antigen3 (7). T antigen is a simple mucin-type disaccharide (8), Gal1–3GalNAc, expressed on the outer cell surfaces of T-cell lymphomas and most human carcinomas (7–9), including breast and prostate (10). The role for T antigen in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis has b ...
... eties is the pancarcinoma T antigen3 (7). T antigen is a simple mucin-type disaccharide (8), Gal1–3GalNAc, expressed on the outer cell surfaces of T-cell lymphomas and most human carcinomas (7–9), including breast and prostate (10). The role for T antigen in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis has b ...
Down-Regulation of DNA Topoisomerase IIα Leads to Prolonged
... Similar findings were reported when the effect of paclitaxel was studied in vivo on ovarian carcinoma xenografts. It is interesting that topoisomerase II␣ was consistently down-regulated, whereas p21 was up-regulated in the paclitaxel-responsive tumors (Bani et al., 2004). Proteome analysis of vinca ...
... Similar findings were reported when the effect of paclitaxel was studied in vivo on ovarian carcinoma xenografts. It is interesting that topoisomerase II␣ was consistently down-regulated, whereas p21 was up-regulated in the paclitaxel-responsive tumors (Bani et al., 2004). Proteome analysis of vinca ...
RNA - ZMBH
... Eucaryotic promoter DNA must be freed or at least loosened from nucleosomes to allow assembly of the initiation complex: Nucleosomes hinder TF binding to the DNA DNA sequence influences nucleosome positioning „Pioneer“ TFs bind at nucleosome-free regions Histone chaperones regulate nucleosome dynami ...
... Eucaryotic promoter DNA must be freed or at least loosened from nucleosomes to allow assembly of the initiation complex: Nucleosomes hinder TF binding to the DNA DNA sequence influences nucleosome positioning „Pioneer“ TFs bind at nucleosome-free regions Histone chaperones regulate nucleosome dynami ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.