Compliance in plants
... elements. These constrain each others movements, so that the structure behaves as a single unit, while the individual elements tend to be subjected to either tension or compression. The most immediate consequence of these differences is that branched structures such as trees are far more compliant t ...
... elements. These constrain each others movements, so that the structure behaves as a single unit, while the individual elements tend to be subjected to either tension or compression. The most immediate consequence of these differences is that branched structures such as trees are far more compliant t ...
The Cell Cycle
... a system of critical checkpoints in the cell cycle has been described. A century and a score of years have passed since Fleming’s These checkpoints must be negotiated and passed to allow the cell discovery. In that time, the fields of cell and molecular biology have to successfully continue through ...
... a system of critical checkpoints in the cell cycle has been described. A century and a score of years have passed since Fleming’s These checkpoints must be negotiated and passed to allow the cell discovery. In that time, the fields of cell and molecular biology have to successfully continue through ...
Fission yeast Myo51 is a meiotic spindle pole body component with
... I (Fig. 4B), until the end of telophase of meiosis II (Fig. 4C), when the signal from the two proteins did not overlap precisely, indicating that Myo51 is located on the periphery of the SPB. Consistent with this, a gap was often observed between the Myo51 signal and the growing meiotic spindle (Fig ...
... I (Fig. 4B), until the end of telophase of meiosis II (Fig. 4C), when the signal from the two proteins did not overlap precisely, indicating that Myo51 is located on the periphery of the SPB. Consistent with this, a gap was often observed between the Myo51 signal and the growing meiotic spindle (Fig ...
Diffusion and Membranes
... Utilises the processes of DIFFUSION & ACTIVE TRANSPORT Width is usually 7 – 10 nm ...
... Utilises the processes of DIFFUSION & ACTIVE TRANSPORT Width is usually 7 – 10 nm ...
Recent Progress in Research of the Mechanism of Fertilization in
... gametes and zygotes has entered a new phase of development (Sherwood 1995; Mogensen and Holm 1995; Mogensen et al. 1999; Pònya et al. 1999). These authors examined the DNA content of plant sperm and egg cells and zygotes, using fluorescence dyes 4’,6-Diamidine-2’-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) ...
... gametes and zygotes has entered a new phase of development (Sherwood 1995; Mogensen and Holm 1995; Mogensen et al. 1999; Pònya et al. 1999). These authors examined the DNA content of plant sperm and egg cells and zygotes, using fluorescence dyes 4’,6-Diamidine-2’-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) ...
Role of Cytoskeleton Changes and Expression
... Our findings show that the morphological alterations result ing from short-term exposure to TPA persist in P+ cells cultured in the continued presence of TPA; however, under the same experimental conditions, these effects are only transient in P~ cells. We show also that continuous exposure of P* ce ...
... Our findings show that the morphological alterations result ing from short-term exposure to TPA persist in P+ cells cultured in the continued presence of TPA; however, under the same experimental conditions, these effects are only transient in P~ cells. We show also that continuous exposure of P* ce ...
Electrochemical model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell
... Non-polluting energy generation and other environmental issues have been driving an increasing demand over the last few years for new energy conversion technologies. It is in this context that PEM fuel cell systems constitute a promising alternative due their high efficiency and low impact on the en ...
... Non-polluting energy generation and other environmental issues have been driving an increasing demand over the last few years for new energy conversion technologies. It is in this context that PEM fuel cell systems constitute a promising alternative due their high efficiency and low impact on the en ...
The Chemical Senses and Transduction
... blood. When the concentration of either is too high or too low, the nervous system is notified and signals are sent out to the circulatory and respiratory systems to adjust the beating of the heart and the rate of breathing in the appropriate direction. Similarly, there are sensory endings in our mu ...
... blood. When the concentration of either is too high or too low, the nervous system is notified and signals are sent out to the circulatory and respiratory systems to adjust the beating of the heart and the rate of breathing in the appropriate direction. Similarly, there are sensory endings in our mu ...
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section: 7-1 Life
... within the lake – and create a mosaic (pattern) on the membrane surface. ...
... within the lake – and create a mosaic (pattern) on the membrane surface. ...
Comparison of cryofixation and aldehyde fixation for plant actin
... (E, F, I, J), and embedded in Steedman’s wax. Formaldehyde-fixed samples show identical actin staining patterns to those obtained in cryofixed samples. Shown are cells of cortex (A–F), epidermis (G, I), and stele (H, J). Photographs were taken using an epifluorescence microscope. Scale bar in J = 10 ...
... (E, F, I, J), and embedded in Steedman’s wax. Formaldehyde-fixed samples show identical actin staining patterns to those obtained in cryofixed samples. Shown are cells of cortex (A–F), epidermis (G, I), and stele (H, J). Photographs were taken using an epifluorescence microscope. Scale bar in J = 10 ...
Division of Cellular Immunology and Immunohematology Head
... Antigen presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) is considered to be the first step towards the initiation of an adaptive immune response by naïve T-cells. To that end, antigens are presented as peptide/major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on APC to the antigen receptor of T ...
... Antigen presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) is considered to be the first step towards the initiation of an adaptive immune response by naïve T-cells. To that end, antigens are presented as peptide/major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on APC to the antigen receptor of T ...
How tissue injury alarms the immune system and causes a systemic
... model of sepsis [22]. In contrast, the injection of recombinant HMGB1 increased septic mouse lethality [22]. Since this pioneer work, many groups have shown a proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 and have identified putative surface leukocyte receptors for HMGB1 (RAGE, TLR2, and TLR4) [26,27]. It has b ...
... model of sepsis [22]. In contrast, the injection of recombinant HMGB1 increased septic mouse lethality [22]. Since this pioneer work, many groups have shown a proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 and have identified putative surface leukocyte receptors for HMGB1 (RAGE, TLR2, and TLR4) [26,27]. It has b ...
The Tell-Tale Heart (Now, Optically Mapped)
... action potential signals (which are a superposition of signals from overlapping atrial myocardium and SAN layers) as well as in the role of calcium dynamics in pacemaker activity (5). Notwithstanding such, understanding the mechanism that overcomes the source–sink mismatch is likely to have importan ...
... action potential signals (which are a superposition of signals from overlapping atrial myocardium and SAN layers) as well as in the role of calcium dynamics in pacemaker activity (5). Notwithstanding such, understanding the mechanism that overcomes the source–sink mismatch is likely to have importan ...
In vivo measurement of cytosolic and mitochondrial pH using a pH
... environments such as deviant temperature, high or low osmotic pressure, oxidative stress and exposure to weak organic acids. The mechanisms by which they adapt to these environments are often poorly understood. To study these adaptive responses we rely on techniques that focus on various levels of c ...
... environments such as deviant temperature, high or low osmotic pressure, oxidative stress and exposure to weak organic acids. The mechanisms by which they adapt to these environments are often poorly understood. To study these adaptive responses we rely on techniques that focus on various levels of c ...
AP & Regents Biology
... epidermis single layer of tightly packed cells that covers & protects plant ...
... epidermis single layer of tightly packed cells that covers & protects plant ...
Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf
... 1). The explants were cultured for 3 days and the number of β-galactosidase-positive nuclei was then recorded after staining for the enzymatic activity. Preliminary experiments (not shown) had demonstrated that β-gal-positive nuclei invariably localized within myosin-positive cells and that cells ex ...
... 1). The explants were cultured for 3 days and the number of β-galactosidase-positive nuclei was then recorded after staining for the enzymatic activity. Preliminary experiments (not shown) had demonstrated that β-gal-positive nuclei invariably localized within myosin-positive cells and that cells ex ...
Document
... 1. All three are secreted soluble factors that elicit their biological effects at pM concentrations. 2. Growth factors tend to be produced constitutively, whereas cytokine production is carefully regulated. Cytokines are usually secreted after activation of a particular cell, and secretion is short- ...
... 1. All three are secreted soluble factors that elicit their biological effects at pM concentrations. 2. Growth factors tend to be produced constitutively, whereas cytokine production is carefully regulated. Cytokines are usually secreted after activation of a particular cell, and secretion is short- ...
Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf-5 is
... 1). The explants were cultured for 3 days and the number of β-galactosidase-positive nuclei was then recorded after staining for the enzymatic activity. Preliminary experiments (not shown) had demonstrated that β-gal-positive nuclei invariably localized within myosin-positive cells and that cells ex ...
... 1). The explants were cultured for 3 days and the number of β-galactosidase-positive nuclei was then recorded after staining for the enzymatic activity. Preliminary experiments (not shown) had demonstrated that β-gal-positive nuclei invariably localized within myosin-positive cells and that cells ex ...
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Multiple-Choice Questions
... C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. D) The electron microscope has much greater ratio of image size to real size. E) The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time. Answer: C Topic: Concept 6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis ...
... C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. D) The electron microscope has much greater ratio of image size to real size. E) The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time. Answer: C Topic: Concept 6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis ...
Structural aspects of bulge formation during root hair initiation
... Using light and electron microscopy, the early stages of root hair initiation were investigated under control conditions and in a situation where F-actin polymerization was effectively inhibited by latrunculin B. Trichoblasts in their early stage of bulge formation possessed large vacuole traversed ...
... Using light and electron microscopy, the early stages of root hair initiation were investigated under control conditions and in a situation where F-actin polymerization was effectively inhibited by latrunculin B. Trichoblasts in their early stage of bulge formation possessed large vacuole traversed ...
PDF
... 200 ng/ml) had the same effect as that of BMP4 (50 ng/ml) used to generate LM and thus a constant concentration of 50 ng/ml of BMP4 was used throughout the study. FGF2 alone induced a small increase in the expression of TCF21, but not TBX18 and WT1 (Fig. 2A). To determine optimal FGF2 concentration, ...
... 200 ng/ml) had the same effect as that of BMP4 (50 ng/ml) used to generate LM and thus a constant concentration of 50 ng/ml of BMP4 was used throughout the study. FGF2 alone induced a small increase in the expression of TCF21, but not TBX18 and WT1 (Fig. 2A). To determine optimal FGF2 concentration, ...
Gene Regulation of Carbon Fixation, Storage
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Schulze et al., 2010). Control points can be at the translational level (Mittag, 2003) or the posttranslational level (Zhang et al., 2011) and sometimes are regulated as a feedback signal system. As an example, oscillations of sugar content contributed to sugar-responsive ...
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Schulze et al., 2010). Control points can be at the translational level (Mittag, 2003) or the posttranslational level (Zhang et al., 2011) and sometimes are regulated as a feedback signal system. As an example, oscillations of sugar content contributed to sugar-responsive ...
Makorin ortholog LEP-2 regulates LIN-28 stability to
... core of a molecular switch regulating fundamental developmental transitions. For example, LIN-28 is involved in the transition between stemness and differentiation in normal development, wound healing, induced pluripotent stem cells and cancer (ShyhChang et al., 2013; Thornton and Gregory, 2012; Tsi ...
... core of a molecular switch regulating fundamental developmental transitions. For example, LIN-28 is involved in the transition between stemness and differentiation in normal development, wound healing, induced pluripotent stem cells and cancer (ShyhChang et al., 2013; Thornton and Gregory, 2012; Tsi ...
FREE Sample Here
... a. has attached ribosomes. b. is studded with pores. c. keeps cytoplasm from entering the cell. d. is a site for energy production in a human cell. e. regulates the movement of materials such as water, oxygen and nutrients. ANS: E ...
... a. has attached ribosomes. b. is studded with pores. c. keeps cytoplasm from entering the cell. d. is a site for energy production in a human cell. e. regulates the movement of materials such as water, oxygen and nutrients. ANS: E ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.