Using food and controlling growth - Delivery guide
... b) Describe how to use a light microscope to observe stages of mitosis PAG1 ...
... b) Describe how to use a light microscope to observe stages of mitosis PAG1 ...
topic #4: angiosperm anatomy and selected aspects
... sap ascent, one that is sufficient to explain this process in tall plants. At another time, I will discuss an auxiliary mechanism operative in some plants at some times. Although the cohesion theory has come under attack periodically,8 supporters rally and provide counterbalancing evidence.) An unde ...
... sap ascent, one that is sufficient to explain this process in tall plants. At another time, I will discuss an auxiliary mechanism operative in some plants at some times. Although the cohesion theory has come under attack periodically,8 supporters rally and provide counterbalancing evidence.) An unde ...
Gene Therapy for Lung Cancer
... Using gene therapy to augment the immune response to tumors is another active area for cancer gene therapy research. This strategy is based on two principles: first, that the immune system has the capacity to recognize and destroyT tumor cells through diverse mechanisms (ie, cyto¬ toxic lymphocytes, ...
... Using gene therapy to augment the immune response to tumors is another active area for cancer gene therapy research. This strategy is based on two principles: first, that the immune system has the capacity to recognize and destroyT tumor cells through diverse mechanisms (ie, cyto¬ toxic lymphocytes, ...
A Biological Overview of the Cell Cycle and its Response to Osmotic
... applied for the first time by Hooke in his book Micrographia in September 1665. There are 10 to perhaps 100 million distinct life forms in the world [1, 32], many of which consist of various types of cells. Although different cells have disparate functions and shapes, they still have a similar basic ...
... applied for the first time by Hooke in his book Micrographia in September 1665. There are 10 to perhaps 100 million distinct life forms in the world [1, 32], many of which consist of various types of cells. Although different cells have disparate functions and shapes, they still have a similar basic ...
File
... • Sieve elements are unable to sustain independent metabolic activity without the support of a companion cell. • This is because the sieve element cells have no nuclei and fewer organelles (to maximize flow rate). • Plasmodesmata exists between sieve elements and companion cells in ...
... • Sieve elements are unable to sustain independent metabolic activity without the support of a companion cell. • This is because the sieve element cells have no nuclei and fewer organelles (to maximize flow rate). • Plasmodesmata exists between sieve elements and companion cells in ...
A New Model of the Human Atrial Myocyte with Variable T
... However, currently available mathematical models of human atrial single cell electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling do not explicitly account for variable TT density and organisation. In this study, we develop a new model of the human atrial cell which explicitly accounts spatiotemporal stochastic Ca2+ ...
... However, currently available mathematical models of human atrial single cell electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling do not explicitly account for variable TT density and organisation. In this study, we develop a new model of the human atrial cell which explicitly accounts spatiotemporal stochastic Ca2+ ...
Euglena gracilis by Cadmium
... has formed in cells grown under illumination or in the dark. An analogous ZnBP could not be isolated from control or Zn-exposed (20 ,ug/mL) cells, but zinc and a trace of copper were bound to the CdBP when 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is added to the homogenates of Cd-treated cells and the buffers used ...
... has formed in cells grown under illumination or in the dark. An analogous ZnBP could not be isolated from control or Zn-exposed (20 ,ug/mL) cells, but zinc and a trace of copper were bound to the CdBP when 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is added to the homogenates of Cd-treated cells and the buffers used ...
Transfected Connexin45 Alters Gap Junction Permeability in Cells
... (32, 37). Increasing Cx43 expression by hormone treatment increased LY dye transfer in a number of osteoblastic cell models (10, 11, 26, 28). Consistent with these observations, we found that transfection of Cx43 into U M R cells confers the ability to transfer LY by gap junctions, but overexpressio ...
... (32, 37). Increasing Cx43 expression by hormone treatment increased LY dye transfer in a number of osteoblastic cell models (10, 11, 26, 28). Consistent with these observations, we found that transfection of Cx43 into U M R cells confers the ability to transfer LY by gap junctions, but overexpressio ...
Development of secretory cells and crystal cells in Eichhornia
... (ramets) at their nodes. Each rosette shoot has leaves at the apex and adventitious roots at the node end (Fig. 1a, b). Serial sections through a rosette shoot apex showed three distinguished tissues including epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder. A number of vascular bundles were distributed in ...
... (ramets) at their nodes. Each rosette shoot has leaves at the apex and adventitious roots at the node end (Fig. 1a, b). Serial sections through a rosette shoot apex showed three distinguished tissues including epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder. A number of vascular bundles were distributed in ...
Requirement for ß-Catenin in Anterior
... The anterior-posterior axis of the mouse embryo becomes explicit morphologically at embryonic day (E)1 6.5, when the first mesoderm forms in the primitive streak region at the posterior side of the embryo. However, recent experiments show that anterior-posterior polarity is established at least 1 d ...
... The anterior-posterior axis of the mouse embryo becomes explicit morphologically at embryonic day (E)1 6.5, when the first mesoderm forms in the primitive streak region at the posterior side of the embryo. However, recent experiments show that anterior-posterior polarity is established at least 1 d ...
Dehydroascorbate Uptake Activity Correlates with
... way changing throughout growth and cell cycle. Apparently, cells that exhibit a high rate of growth (cells in the middle of the exponential growth phase, Fig. 1A) also exhibit a high capacity for DHA uptake (Fig. 1B). The average size of the BY-2 protoplasts did not differ between different time poi ...
... way changing throughout growth and cell cycle. Apparently, cells that exhibit a high rate of growth (cells in the middle of the exponential growth phase, Fig. 1A) also exhibit a high capacity for DHA uptake (Fig. 1B). The average size of the BY-2 protoplasts did not differ between different time poi ...
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):1899-911. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
... Many cell types also appear to respond to the cytosolic presence of DNA (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a). The cytosolic response to DNA does not require MAVS, but does require TBK1 and IRF3 in most cell types (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a; Sun et al., 2006). Rec ...
... Many cell types also appear to respond to the cytosolic presence of DNA (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a). The cytosolic response to DNA does not require MAVS, but does require TBK1 and IRF3 in most cell types (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a; Sun et al., 2006). Rec ...
+ BMP-4
... Morphogenic Protein-4 (BMP-4), made by neuroectodermal cells. 4. BMP-4 inhibits neuralization and promotes the epidermal fate in neighboring cells. 5. Mesodermal cells secrete proteins (Chordin, Noggin, Follistatin) which directly bind and antagonizes BMP-4 activity. 6. Neuroectodermal cells become ...
... Morphogenic Protein-4 (BMP-4), made by neuroectodermal cells. 4. BMP-4 inhibits neuralization and promotes the epidermal fate in neighboring cells. 5. Mesodermal cells secrete proteins (Chordin, Noggin, Follistatin) which directly bind and antagonizes BMP-4 activity. 6. Neuroectodermal cells become ...
World of the Cell: Chapter 16
... the head region can be found with regulatory activity • Tails of myosins are largely specialized because myosins functions in many ways • Myosin II is important for muscle contraction; it can spontaneously assemble into so called thick filaments • Myosin I and VI are involved in endocytosis • My ...
... the head region can be found with regulatory activity • Tails of myosins are largely specialized because myosins functions in many ways • Myosin II is important for muscle contraction; it can spontaneously assemble into so called thick filaments • Myosin I and VI are involved in endocytosis • My ...
Retention of Glucose Units Added by the UDP
... On the other hand, it has been already established that the site at the COOH-terminal domain is glycosylated (9). As shown in Fig. 2 a, both glucosylated and unglucosylated oligosaccharides were present in cruzipain molecules isolated from cells grown in the presence of DNJ. Two possibilities may be ...
... On the other hand, it has been already established that the site at the COOH-terminal domain is glycosylated (9). As shown in Fig. 2 a, both glucosylated and unglucosylated oligosaccharides were present in cruzipain molecules isolated from cells grown in the presence of DNJ. Two possibilities may be ...
A Hierarchy of Regulatory Genes Controls a Larva-to-Adult
... analysis of h-74 alleles that cause either elevation or reduction in the level of gene activity has led to the proposal that /in-74 activity decreases during development to cause the expression of developmental programs in their proper sequence (Ambros and Horvitz, 1987). Since other heterochronic g ...
... analysis of h-74 alleles that cause either elevation or reduction in the level of gene activity has led to the proposal that /in-74 activity decreases during development to cause the expression of developmental programs in their proper sequence (Ambros and Horvitz, 1987). Since other heterochronic g ...
SIMULATION OF PROKARYOTIC GENETIC CIRCUITS
... into the regulatory logic so that the cell can adapt to the needs of the moment. Receptors on the cell surface can respond to specific chemical species and affect the regulatory logic by molecular signaling using signal transduction cascades (17). Other signals may affect reactions in the cascade to ...
... into the regulatory logic so that the cell can adapt to the needs of the moment. Receptors on the cell surface can respond to specific chemical species and affect the regulatory logic by molecular signaling using signal transduction cascades (17). Other signals may affect reactions in the cascade to ...
Fig. 2
... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an essential process which takes place in a cell. The apoptotic process is activated when the cell is under stress, infected, or when the genome is beyond repair. This process is a way for the cell to dispose of itself in an organized fashion when under these ...
... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an essential process which takes place in a cell. The apoptotic process is activated when the cell is under stress, infected, or when the genome is beyond repair. This process is a way for the cell to dispose of itself in an organized fashion when under these ...
A Vacuolar Processing Enzyme, dVPE, Is Involved in Seed Coat
... Figures 6A to 6D show the cytological changes in the inner integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk ...
... Figures 6A to 6D show the cytological changes in the inner integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk ...
Chapter 7 final - Spiral
... receptor in the absence of ligand for functional analysis. Positive effects have also been observed following addition of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (3-4, 10-12) to the expression culture. DMSO which has been shown to facilitate phospholipid biosynthesis and membrane proliferation in yeast (13) and ...
... receptor in the absence of ligand for functional analysis. Positive effects have also been observed following addition of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (3-4, 10-12) to the expression culture. DMSO which has been shown to facilitate phospholipid biosynthesis and membrane proliferation in yeast (13) and ...
The Role of Model Organisms in the History of Mitosis
... spindle poles and chromosome are doubly refractive (Inoue and Dan 1951; Inoue 1953). Before observation of the mitotic spindle by polarization microscopy, the existence of the “spindle fibers” was regarded with skepticism. Because microtubules are dynamic ephemeral structures, fibrous mitotic elemen ...
... spindle poles and chromosome are doubly refractive (Inoue and Dan 1951; Inoue 1953). Before observation of the mitotic spindle by polarization microscopy, the existence of the “spindle fibers” was regarded with skepticism. Because microtubules are dynamic ephemeral structures, fibrous mitotic elemen ...
The World of Cells Kinds of Cells Tour of a Eukaryotic Cell Transport
... area. Cells in the nervous system, for example, called neurons, are long slender cells, extending more than a meter in length. These cells efficiently interact with their environment because although they are long, they are thin, some less than 1 micrometer in diameter, and so their interior regions ...
... area. Cells in the nervous system, for example, called neurons, are long slender cells, extending more than a meter in length. These cells efficiently interact with their environment because although they are long, they are thin, some less than 1 micrometer in diameter, and so their interior regions ...
Calmodulin-binding protein disrupts mitosis
... which allows complementation of S. pombe leu1-32 mutant strains. Expression of the cDNA is repressed when S. pombe cells transformed with the library are grown in medium containing 5 µM thiamine. Removal of thiamine from the medium leads to the de-repression of cDNA expression once intracellular poo ...
... which allows complementation of S. pombe leu1-32 mutant strains. Expression of the cDNA is repressed when S. pombe cells transformed with the library are grown in medium containing 5 µM thiamine. Removal of thiamine from the medium leads to the de-repression of cDNA expression once intracellular poo ...
Characterization of Dependencies Between Growth and
... These time-lapse datasets also allow investigation of correlations between measurements made at different cell cycles, an important gap in our understanding of coordination between growth and division. In multicellular systems, coordination of division among cells has important implications for high ...
... These time-lapse datasets also allow investigation of correlations between measurements made at different cell cycles, an important gap in our understanding of coordination between growth and division. In multicellular systems, coordination of division among cells has important implications for high ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.