Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
... coli, namely 6700–71 000 depending on the growth rate and the physiological state (Gourse et al., 1996). The number of mRNA copies for the tuf gene in exponentially growing cells (i.e. 200–370 copies cell−1) was also similar to the data reported for highly expressed genes in other organisms (Karlin ...
... coli, namely 6700–71 000 depending on the growth rate and the physiological state (Gourse et al., 1996). The number of mRNA copies for the tuf gene in exponentially growing cells (i.e. 200–370 copies cell−1) was also similar to the data reported for highly expressed genes in other organisms (Karlin ...
chapter 1 slides - Mrs. Brenner`s Biology
... • All living organisms must reproduce to maintain a population. • The manner of reproduction varies among different organisms. • When organisms reproduce, they pass on copies of their genetic information (genes) to the next generation. Genes determine the characteristics of an organism. Genes ar ...
... • All living organisms must reproduce to maintain a population. • The manner of reproduction varies among different organisms. • When organisms reproduce, they pass on copies of their genetic information (genes) to the next generation. Genes determine the characteristics of an organism. Genes ar ...
THE PLAY ABOUT A PLANT CELL, AN ANIMAL CELL, AND A
... Nucleus: (looking around)Organelles, organelles…(clapping hands)Let’s go, let’s go. Get back to work. No slacking. I am checking our stats and we are getting low….on EVERYTHING!!!! We need to go, go, go!!!! Cell membrane: Well, there’s the boss. She is always telling us what to do! Oxy: Wow, she is ...
... Nucleus: (looking around)Organelles, organelles…(clapping hands)Let’s go, let’s go. Get back to work. No slacking. I am checking our stats and we are getting low….on EVERYTHING!!!! We need to go, go, go!!!! Cell membrane: Well, there’s the boss. She is always telling us what to do! Oxy: Wow, she is ...
Cooperative organization of bacterial colonies: from genotype to
... walker divides. When there is not enough "food," the walker can consume only the available amount, which can be lower than needed for activity. As a result, the internal energy decreases until it drops to zero. The walker then becomes immotile and remains in this state (enters prespore state). In th ...
... walker divides. When there is not enough "food," the walker can consume only the available amount, which can be lower than needed for activity. As a result, the internal energy decreases until it drops to zero. The walker then becomes immotile and remains in this state (enters prespore state). In th ...
ch4 Jeopardy-11 - Room 189`s Wiki at PACS
... A cell can transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration by the physiological process of a. Active transport (correct answer) b. Facilitated diffusion c. Osmosis d. Simple diffusion BACK TO GAME ...
... A cell can transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration by the physiological process of a. Active transport (correct answer) b. Facilitated diffusion c. Osmosis d. Simple diffusion BACK TO GAME ...
Rapid Identification of ESKAPE Bacterial Strains Using an
... We loaded 20 mL of each cell dilution into a device and incubated at ambient temperature for ,15–30 min until the microchambers were filled and isolated, then placed it in a 37uC static incubator. To minimize evaporation within the device during incubation, we placed BacChips in humidity chambers co ...
... We loaded 20 mL of each cell dilution into a device and incubated at ambient temperature for ,15–30 min until the microchambers were filled and isolated, then placed it in a 37uC static incubator. To minimize evaporation within the device during incubation, we placed BacChips in humidity chambers co ...
Biology
... Often, the simplest way to do that is to record the data in a table and then make a graph. Computers help scientists to gather, analyze, and present large quantities of data. Analyses of data are used to make predictions about complex phenomena. Slide 4 of 31 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... Often, the simplest way to do that is to record the data in a table and then make a graph. Computers help scientists to gather, analyze, and present large quantities of data. Analyses of data are used to make predictions about complex phenomena. Slide 4 of 31 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
a pdf version - Dutch Experiment Support Center
... Abstract. In order to study gravity eects on plant structure and function, it may become necessary to remove the g-stimulus. On Earth, various instruments such as clinostats have been used by biologists in an attempt to neutralize the eects of gravity. In this study, the position of amyloplasts wa ...
... Abstract. In order to study gravity eects on plant structure and function, it may become necessary to remove the g-stimulus. On Earth, various instruments such as clinostats have been used by biologists in an attempt to neutralize the eects of gravity. In this study, the position of amyloplasts wa ...
Biology of Tooth Movement
... these inflammatory modulators potentially resorb bone. Leukotrienes, which are also metabolites of Arachidonic acid, were originally demonstrated in leukocytes and were called leukotrienes. It is possible then, since prostaglandins are not fully responsible for bone remodeling associated with tooth ...
... these inflammatory modulators potentially resorb bone. Leukotrienes, which are also metabolites of Arachidonic acid, were originally demonstrated in leukocytes and were called leukotrienes. It is possible then, since prostaglandins are not fully responsible for bone remodeling associated with tooth ...
Positioning the Flagellum at the Center of a Dividing Cell To
... direction also mean that the flagellum pushes the cell body in one half of the population (cells that swim with the nonflagellated pole ahead) but pulls it in the other half of the population (cells that swim with the flagellated pole ahead) (Fig. S3A). In contrast, for SS-5 cells, the position of t ...
... direction also mean that the flagellum pushes the cell body in one half of the population (cells that swim with the nonflagellated pole ahead) but pulls it in the other half of the population (cells that swim with the flagellated pole ahead) (Fig. S3A). In contrast, for SS-5 cells, the position of t ...
S. aureus
... have been incubated for 20h at 38C are pelleted. An aliquot of the initial inoculum for the MIC plate is similarly processed. The cells are resuspended in fresh media, plated onto MHA (Muller-Hinton agar), and the colonies enumerated after the incubation for 24h at 37C. The MBC is defined as the fir ...
... have been incubated for 20h at 38C are pelleted. An aliquot of the initial inoculum for the MIC plate is similarly processed. The cells are resuspended in fresh media, plated onto MHA (Muller-Hinton agar), and the colonies enumerated after the incubation for 24h at 37C. The MBC is defined as the fir ...
Developmental neurobiology of hydra, a model animal of cnidarians1
... developmental data are the most abundant among cnidarians. Hence, I discuss the developmental neurobiology of hydra. The hydra nerve net is a mosaic of neural subsets expressing a specific neural phenotype. The developmental dynamics of the nerve cells are unique. Neurons are produced continuously b ...
... developmental data are the most abundant among cnidarians. Hence, I discuss the developmental neurobiology of hydra. The hydra nerve net is a mosaic of neural subsets expressing a specific neural phenotype. The developmental dynamics of the nerve cells are unique. Neurons are produced continuously b ...
Modelling the structural response of an eukaryotic cell in the optical
... Analytic thick shell elastic model for actin cortex: Ample experimental evidence, albeit more indirect and qualitative, shows that out of the three cytoskeletal polymers, actin dominates the cell’s structural response5–8. Hence, in our first approach to model a suspended, spherical fibroblast in the ...
... Analytic thick shell elastic model for actin cortex: Ample experimental evidence, albeit more indirect and qualitative, shows that out of the three cytoskeletal polymers, actin dominates the cell’s structural response5–8. Hence, in our first approach to model a suspended, spherical fibroblast in the ...
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene
... The antiproliferative gene decapo induces a mutant phenotype The decapo gene encodes a product sharing homologies with the P21 protein, which is regulated by the P53.16,17 ...
... The antiproliferative gene decapo induces a mutant phenotype The decapo gene encodes a product sharing homologies with the P21 protein, which is regulated by the P53.16,17 ...
Plasmablast and Plasma Cell Production and Distribution in Trout
... of ASCs, which have been collectively described as plasma cells (24 –28). These plasma cells can be isolated from the three major immune tissues in fish: spleen, peripheral blood, and kidney (29 –31). The assumption that teleosts (or any other species) possess only one type of ASC, the plasma cell, ...
... of ASCs, which have been collectively described as plasma cells (24 –28). These plasma cells can be isolated from the three major immune tissues in fish: spleen, peripheral blood, and kidney (29 –31). The assumption that teleosts (or any other species) possess only one type of ASC, the plasma cell, ...
The cell biology of bone metabolism
... Considerable progress has been made in identifying morphogens, signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators mediating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoprogenitors (fig 3). During skeletal development osteoblast differentiation and deposition of bone matrix occurs, and involv ...
... Considerable progress has been made in identifying morphogens, signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators mediating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoprogenitors (fig 3). During skeletal development osteoblast differentiation and deposition of bone matrix occurs, and involv ...
PDF
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
Cell Injury
... Generation of ROS • Oxidation - reduction reactions • Absorption of radiant energy • Rapid bursts of ROS produced in activated leukocytes during inflammation • Enzymatic metabolism of exogenous chemicals or drugs • Transition metals - iron and copper ...
... Generation of ROS • Oxidation - reduction reactions • Absorption of radiant energy • Rapid bursts of ROS produced in activated leukocytes during inflammation • Enzymatic metabolism of exogenous chemicals or drugs • Transition metals - iron and copper ...
Differential Expression of IFN Regulatory Factor 4 Gene in Human
... treated with GM-CSF and/or IL-4 (Table II). The IRF4 gene, instead, was one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in cytokinestimulated monocytes (Table II). Therefore, the regulation of IRF4 gene expression, a known partner of IRF8, was studied in more detail. First, to verify the results obtaine ...
... treated with GM-CSF and/or IL-4 (Table II). The IRF4 gene, instead, was one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in cytokinestimulated monocytes (Table II). Therefore, the regulation of IRF4 gene expression, a known partner of IRF8, was studied in more detail. First, to verify the results obtaine ...
Biology I Syllabus
... Describe the difference in ions and atoms and their importance in biological processes? Compare the types of bonding between atoms to form molecules? Explain the fundamental principles of the pH scale and the consequences of having the different concentrations of H+ and OH-? Explain the uniq ...
... Describe the difference in ions and atoms and their importance in biological processes? Compare the types of bonding between atoms to form molecules? Explain the fundamental principles of the pH scale and the consequences of having the different concentrations of H+ and OH-? Explain the uniq ...
Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection
... the virus succeeds in exploiting the immune system to its advantage and therefore, the host ultimately fails to control the virus leading to development of terminal AIDS. The virus adopts numerous evasion mechanisms to hijack the host immune system. We and others recently described the expression of ...
... the virus succeeds in exploiting the immune system to its advantage and therefore, the host ultimately fails to control the virus leading to development of terminal AIDS. The virus adopts numerous evasion mechanisms to hijack the host immune system. We and others recently described the expression of ...
identified aplysia neurons form specific chemical synapses in culture1
... Figure 2. LlO forms chemical synapses with LUQ cells plated with axons (A to D) or without axons (E). A and B, A single spike in LlO elicits an IPSP onto the LUQ cell after 3 days in culture. The latency of the response is approximately 20 msec and the duration is 800 msec. In B, this IPSP is revers ...
... Figure 2. LlO forms chemical synapses with LUQ cells plated with axons (A to D) or without axons (E). A and B, A single spike in LlO elicits an IPSP onto the LUQ cell after 3 days in culture. The latency of the response is approximately 20 msec and the duration is 800 msec. In B, this IPSP is revers ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.