Down-Regulation of DNA Topoisomerase IIα Leads to Prolonged
... Similar findings were reported when the effect of paclitaxel was studied in vivo on ovarian carcinoma xenografts. It is interesting that topoisomerase II␣ was consistently down-regulated, whereas p21 was up-regulated in the paclitaxel-responsive tumors (Bani et al., 2004). Proteome analysis of vinca ...
... Similar findings were reported when the effect of paclitaxel was studied in vivo on ovarian carcinoma xenografts. It is interesting that topoisomerase II␣ was consistently down-regulated, whereas p21 was up-regulated in the paclitaxel-responsive tumors (Bani et al., 2004). Proteome analysis of vinca ...
Come in and take your coat off how host cells
... peptides. If a virus fails to penetrate the endosomal compartment of choice, its fate is usually degradation. It is noteworthy that endosomal maturation and vesicular transport are interconnected and interdependent, so that perturbation of a single function/factor may result in drastic consequences ...
... peptides. If a virus fails to penetrate the endosomal compartment of choice, its fate is usually degradation. It is noteworthy that endosomal maturation and vesicular transport are interconnected and interdependent, so that perturbation of a single function/factor may result in drastic consequences ...
by Permanent DNA Rearrangements The Ontogeny and Fate of NK
... V(D)J recombination is associated with fatal leukemias of the B and T lineages, and the implication for NK cell biology in normal or disease circumstances remains unknown (6). How or whether the permanent DNA modifications mediated by V(D)J recombination impact normal NK cell activities has been deb ...
... V(D)J recombination is associated with fatal leukemias of the B and T lineages, and the implication for NK cell biology in normal or disease circumstances remains unknown (6). How or whether the permanent DNA modifications mediated by V(D)J recombination impact normal NK cell activities has been deb ...
Drug delivery systems based on sugar
... of action has clear therapeutic advantages, including reduced toxicity and smaller dose levels. Broadly speaking, this can be achieved in one of two ways: (i) exploiting an existing (endogenous) interaction or activity at the desired site; or (ii) creating a new one. Typically, the former involves t ...
... of action has clear therapeutic advantages, including reduced toxicity and smaller dose levels. Broadly speaking, this can be achieved in one of two ways: (i) exploiting an existing (endogenous) interaction or activity at the desired site; or (ii) creating a new one. Typically, the former involves t ...
Lipid-modified morphogens: functions of fats - treisman lab
... # 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2009.04.006 ...
... # 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2009.04.006 ...
Viscoelastic dissipation stabilizes cell shape changes
... converted into cell shape changes is essential to our understanding of morphogenesis. Here we use Myosin II pulsatile activity during Drosophila embryogenesis to study how transient forces generate irreversible cell shape changes. Analyzing the dynamics of junction shortening and elongation resultin ...
... converted into cell shape changes is essential to our understanding of morphogenesis. Here we use Myosin II pulsatile activity during Drosophila embryogenesis to study how transient forces generate irreversible cell shape changes. Analyzing the dynamics of junction shortening and elongation resultin ...
The Venus Flytrap as a model for a biomimetic material with built
... Flytrap (Dionaea Muscipulu Ellis) and the Waterwheel Plant (Aldrovanda Vesicuha) to external dynamic disturbances. The goal of the present investigation is to apply such modelling to the molecular design of biomimetic materials with sensors and actuators. In modelling the dynamic response of such pl ...
... Flytrap (Dionaea Muscipulu Ellis) and the Waterwheel Plant (Aldrovanda Vesicuha) to external dynamic disturbances. The goal of the present investigation is to apply such modelling to the molecular design of biomimetic materials with sensors and actuators. In modelling the dynamic response of such pl ...
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... segregation of cytoplasmic factors are responsible for enters both blastomeres after the first cleavage, can the differences in fate that distinguish one cell from the produce mirror-symmetrical double embryos. In Tub$ex, yolk-poor cytoplasm accumulates at the polar regions other three in the four-c ...
... segregation of cytoplasmic factors are responsible for enters both blastomeres after the first cleavage, can the differences in fate that distinguish one cell from the produce mirror-symmetrical double embryos. In Tub$ex, yolk-poor cytoplasm accumulates at the polar regions other three in the four-c ...
Ultrastructural studies of the mouse blastocyst
... These junctions are not contiguous. No junctions connect the basal edges of the closely apposed trophoblast cells. The ICM cells are connected to each other and to the overlying trophoblast cells by focal tight junctions (Fig. 6), by desmosomes (Fig. 7), and by focal close junctions (Fig. 7A). Often ...
... These junctions are not contiguous. No junctions connect the basal edges of the closely apposed trophoblast cells. The ICM cells are connected to each other and to the overlying trophoblast cells by focal tight junctions (Fig. 6), by desmosomes (Fig. 7), and by focal close junctions (Fig. 7A). Often ...
Regulation of the Different Chromatin States of Autosomes
... bind all chromosomes. If MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6 participate in controlling histone modification patterns, they likely act maternally or in the early embryo: mes sterility is maternaleffect (4 ), and analysis of a temperaturesensitive allele of mes-3 suggests that MES-3 function is required in the m ...
... bind all chromosomes. If MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6 participate in controlling histone modification patterns, they likely act maternally or in the early embryo: mes sterility is maternaleffect (4 ), and analysis of a temperaturesensitive allele of mes-3 suggests that MES-3 function is required in the m ...
Characterization and Expression of Monosaccharide Transporters
... is similar to glucose transporters. However, the transport activity of sugar is hardly detectable. The evidence was shown that RGT2 serves as a glucose sensor to generate an intracellular glucose signal. No significant diversity was found among the transporters in plants from monocots to dicots, and ...
... is similar to glucose transporters. However, the transport activity of sugar is hardly detectable. The evidence was shown that RGT2 serves as a glucose sensor to generate an intracellular glucose signal. No significant diversity was found among the transporters in plants from monocots to dicots, and ...
Development of Next-Generation Optical Neural Silencers
... Action potential shape and kinetics in the brain are very cell-type dependent, but some generalizations can be made for all neurons. In its resting state, a neuron has a voltage difference of approximately -60 mV across the cell plasma membrane (Figure 1-1) which is referred to as the resting potent ...
... Action potential shape and kinetics in the brain are very cell-type dependent, but some generalizations can be made for all neurons. In its resting state, a neuron has a voltage difference of approximately -60 mV across the cell plasma membrane (Figure 1-1) which is referred to as the resting potent ...
Document
... ERBB2 gene. Overexpression of the gene has been shown to play a role in the progression of 30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of this gene has also been observed in ovarian, stomach, and uterine cancer. Ras proteins transduce signals from growth factor receptors. These signals are then passed pro ...
... ERBB2 gene. Overexpression of the gene has been shown to play a role in the progression of 30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of this gene has also been observed in ovarian, stomach, and uterine cancer. Ras proteins transduce signals from growth factor receptors. These signals are then passed pro ...
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for
... although the transcription of parAB varies during the cell cycle, the cellular levels of each protein remain constant throughout the cell cycle, suggesting that the synthesis of stoichiometric amounts of each protein is critical for function. In support of this idea, overexpression of either parA or ...
... although the transcription of parAB varies during the cell cycle, the cellular levels of each protein remain constant throughout the cell cycle, suggesting that the synthesis of stoichiometric amounts of each protein is critical for function. In support of this idea, overexpression of either parA or ...
Temperature dependent characteristics of a recombinant infectious
... Infection with rAcGus and expression of the positive control gene was accomplished at 27°C. Protein production for RecG,,, or RecGl,,,h was evaluated by removal of 5 m1 of media plus cells daily from Day 2 to Day 14 following infection of suspension cultures of Sf9 cells with rAcG897. Harvest of cel ...
... Infection with rAcGus and expression of the positive control gene was accomplished at 27°C. Protein production for RecG,,, or RecGl,,,h was evaluated by removal of 5 m1 of media plus cells daily from Day 2 to Day 14 following infection of suspension cultures of Sf9 cells with rAcG897. Harvest of cel ...
Heading forwards: anterior visceral endoderm migration in
... centre that is responsible for several important patterning events during early development, including specifying the orientation of the A –P axis and the position of the heart with respect to the brain. AVE cells undergo a characteristic stereotypical migration which is crucial to their functions. ...
... centre that is responsible for several important patterning events during early development, including specifying the orientation of the A –P axis and the position of the heart with respect to the brain. AVE cells undergo a characteristic stereotypical migration which is crucial to their functions. ...
cleeks o` cytokinesis: microtubule sticks and contractile hoops in cell
... (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor) Pebble-ECT2 [19–21]. The finding by Saint and Somers [22] that Drosophila Pebble could complex to RacGAP50C led them to propose that the onset of cytokinesis could be triggered by the microtubulemediated delivery of the centralspindlin complex to the cortex where ...
... (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor) Pebble-ECT2 [19–21]. The finding by Saint and Somers [22] that Drosophila Pebble could complex to RacGAP50C led them to propose that the onset of cytokinesis could be triggered by the microtubulemediated delivery of the centralspindlin complex to the cortex where ...
Protista: nature`s superstore
... movement. The four main groups of protozoans are: the sarcodines, the flagellates, the ciliates, and the sporozoans. The sarcodines are members of the phylum Rhizopoda that includes hundreds of species of amoebas and amoeba like organisms. Amoebas have no cell wall and they move using structures cal ...
... movement. The four main groups of protozoans are: the sarcodines, the flagellates, the ciliates, and the sporozoans. The sarcodines are members of the phylum Rhizopoda that includes hundreds of species of amoebas and amoeba like organisms. Amoebas have no cell wall and they move using structures cal ...
Diefenbach, A., J.K. Hsia, M.Y. Hsiung, and D.H. Raulet. 2003. A novel ligand for the NKG2D receptor activates NK cells and macrophages and induces tumor immunity. Eur J Immunol 33:381-391.
... of three experiments. (B, D) Stimulation of NK cells with MULT1-transfected cells and MULT1–Ig fusion protein. IL-2-stimulated NK cells and freshly isolated NK cells [from poly(I:C)-treated mice] were stimulated for 6 h with the indicated RMA transductants (B) or with the indicated plate-bound Ig-fu ...
... of three experiments. (B, D) Stimulation of NK cells with MULT1-transfected cells and MULT1–Ig fusion protein. IL-2-stimulated NK cells and freshly isolated NK cells [from poly(I:C)-treated mice] were stimulated for 6 h with the indicated RMA transductants (B) or with the indicated plate-bound Ig-fu ...
Lineage-specific proteins essential for endocytosis in trypanosomes
... system and acquisition of the mitochondrion (Martin et al., 2015). Following emergence of a true eukaryotic cell, the lineage rapidly diversified into multiple kingdoms or supergroups, represented for example by plants, animals, fungi, amoeba and many protist lineages. The ~1.5 billion year period s ...
... system and acquisition of the mitochondrion (Martin et al., 2015). Following emergence of a true eukaryotic cell, the lineage rapidly diversified into multiple kingdoms or supergroups, represented for example by plants, animals, fungi, amoeba and many protist lineages. The ~1.5 billion year period s ...
Pomegranate Ellagitannin–Derived Compounds Exhibit
... however, UB uptake was shown to be greater than that of UA. This result could explain the lower activity of UA in the live cell system. In addition to the differences in UB and UA absorption into the cells, UBS and other isomers have been detected in the media but not the cell lysate in significant ...
... however, UB uptake was shown to be greater than that of UA. This result could explain the lower activity of UA in the live cell system. In addition to the differences in UB and UA absorption into the cells, UBS and other isomers have been detected in the media but not the cell lysate in significant ...
Unusual Prokaryotic Envelope Cyanobacterial Cell Walls
... and cell wall proteins of the evolutionary very ancient Thermus group, a result which fits well into the hypothesis that these two prokaryotic groups are rather closely related (22, 46). Compared with other SLH domains in bacterial S-layers or extracellular proteins, the cyanobacterial and Thermus S ...
... and cell wall proteins of the evolutionary very ancient Thermus group, a result which fits well into the hypothesis that these two prokaryotic groups are rather closely related (22, 46). Compared with other SLH domains in bacterial S-layers or extracellular proteins, the cyanobacterial and Thermus S ...
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... that essential amino acids may exist at the center of mTOR signaling [25]. Amino acid availability, in particular the availability of the essential amino acid leucine, is required for mTORC1 activation [26]. Nicklin et al. proposed an important model for the molecular mechanism of leucine signaling ...
... that essential amino acids may exist at the center of mTOR signaling [25]. Amino acid availability, in particular the availability of the essential amino acid leucine, is required for mTORC1 activation [26]. Nicklin et al. proposed an important model for the molecular mechanism of leucine signaling ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.