Excitable Properties of Olfactory Receptor Neurons
... after olfactory nerve transection. The techniques used for transection were identical to those described previously (Masukawa et al., 1985b). Briefly, the animal was cooled and immobilized on ice and subcutaneously injected with xylocaine in the area of the surgery. The olfactory nerves were exposed ...
... after olfactory nerve transection. The techniques used for transection were identical to those described previously (Masukawa et al., 1985b). Briefly, the animal was cooled and immobilized on ice and subcutaneously injected with xylocaine in the area of the surgery. The olfactory nerves were exposed ...
View PDF - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... affects the synchrony of sporulation. Surprisingly, our approach for synchronous sporulation does not require growth in acetate-containing medium, but can be achieved in cells grown in rich medium until saturation. Our system requires solely IME1, because the expression of the N6-methyladenosine met ...
... affects the synchrony of sporulation. Surprisingly, our approach for synchronous sporulation does not require growth in acetate-containing medium, but can be achieved in cells grown in rich medium until saturation. Our system requires solely IME1, because the expression of the N6-methyladenosine met ...
Kinetics of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during primary and post
... were analyzed for T cell responses. The clinical and serological results of this study have been described previously [1]. The extent of viral replication was assessed by measuring RNA levels in the BALF by RT-PCR, as reported previously [1]. Briefly, viral RNA was detected in the BALF of PBS-immuni ...
... were analyzed for T cell responses. The clinical and serological results of this study have been described previously [1]. The extent of viral replication was assessed by measuring RNA levels in the BALF by RT-PCR, as reported previously [1]. Briefly, viral RNA was detected in the BALF of PBS-immuni ...
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Cellular Immune
... Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether human MSCs may inhibit in vitro pancreatic islet antigenspecific T cell activation in type 1 diabetes. Design: Human MSCs were isolated and characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from nine type 1 diabetic patients at disease on ...
... Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether human MSCs may inhibit in vitro pancreatic islet antigenspecific T cell activation in type 1 diabetes. Design: Human MSCs were isolated and characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from nine type 1 diabetic patients at disease on ...
eXtra Botany - Journal of Experimental Botany
... of tubulin in the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton during the life cycle of plant cells. Although microtubules within each array are apparently identical in structure, plants have distinct gene sets coding for both a and b -tubulin (Guo et al., 2009). Tubulin genes are not expressed un ...
... of tubulin in the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton during the life cycle of plant cells. Although microtubules within each array are apparently identical in structure, plants have distinct gene sets coding for both a and b -tubulin (Guo et al., 2009). Tubulin genes are not expressed un ...
Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation
... forms, similar morphological features of apoptosis could be induced, in vitro, with concanavalin A treatment,24,25 or under oxidative stress.26 Additionally, Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes display DNA laddering and chromatin condensation in dense clusters (leading to the breakdown of the nucle ...
... forms, similar morphological features of apoptosis could be induced, in vitro, with concanavalin A treatment,24,25 or under oxidative stress.26 Additionally, Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes display DNA laddering and chromatin condensation in dense clusters (leading to the breakdown of the nucle ...
Two Plant–Viral Movement Proteins Traffic in the
... localization and plasmodesmatal targeting. Later in the expression cycle, both fusion proteins were incorporated into vesicular structures. TGB2 associated with these structures on its own, but TGB3 could not be incorporated into the vesicles in the absence of TGB2. Moreover, in addition to localiza ...
... localization and plasmodesmatal targeting. Later in the expression cycle, both fusion proteins were incorporated into vesicular structures. TGB2 associated with these structures on its own, but TGB3 could not be incorporated into the vesicles in the absence of TGB2. Moreover, in addition to localiza ...
Glucose Metabolism in T Cells and Monocytes: New Perspectives in
... (PEP) is important in sustaining T cell receptor-mediated Ca2 +-NFAT signaling and effector functions (Ho et al., 2015). Although studies suggest that Glut1 is required for metabolic reprogramming of CD4+ T cell activation, its significance in HIV infected individuals and the impact on disease progre ...
... (PEP) is important in sustaining T cell receptor-mediated Ca2 +-NFAT signaling and effector functions (Ho et al., 2015). Although studies suggest that Glut1 is required for metabolic reprogramming of CD4+ T cell activation, its significance in HIV infected individuals and the impact on disease progre ...
Meiosis II
... Normal human body cells each contain 46 chromosomes. The cell division process that body cells undergo is called mitosis and produces daughter cells that are virtually identical to the parent cell. Working with a partner, discuss and answer the questions that follow. ...
... Normal human body cells each contain 46 chromosomes. The cell division process that body cells undergo is called mitosis and produces daughter cells that are virtually identical to the parent cell. Working with a partner, discuss and answer the questions that follow. ...
Characterization of Cytosolic Cyclophilin from Guard Cells of Vicia
... CyPs have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity that is inhibited by CsA and catalyze refolding of some denatured proteins indicating that CyPs are involved in protein folding and maturation in vivo (Gething and Sambrook 1992). In support of this hypothesis, evidence has been presented that a ...
... CyPs have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity that is inhibited by CsA and catalyze refolding of some denatured proteins indicating that CyPs are involved in protein folding and maturation in vivo (Gething and Sambrook 1992). In support of this hypothesis, evidence has been presented that a ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... Furthermore, it was shown that the activities of the PM H+ATPase and anion channels were involved in the auxin-induced electrical responses (Lohse and Hedrich 1992, Zimmermann et al. 1994). Osmotic and electrical relationships in plants are closely linked by the ion transporters in the plasma membra ...
... Furthermore, it was shown that the activities of the PM H+ATPase and anion channels were involved in the auxin-induced electrical responses (Lohse and Hedrich 1992, Zimmermann et al. 1994). Osmotic and electrical relationships in plants are closely linked by the ion transporters in the plasma membra ...
A, B, C… γ!
... HDL particle.11 Upregulation of ABC1 expression is likely to enhance cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells and may also result in increased HDL levels, especially in settings in which there is increased formation of free apoA-I or small HDL in the bloodstream. This might include the common a ...
... HDL particle.11 Upregulation of ABC1 expression is likely to enhance cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells and may also result in increased HDL levels, especially in settings in which there is increased formation of free apoA-I or small HDL in the bloodstream. This might include the common a ...
Biological Activities of Compounds Produced by Microorganisms
... obtained results indicated that the compounds included in both, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa, strongly inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus DMB-PR-1-20 (MIC50 = 42 µg ml-1), Micrococcus luteus DMB-pR1-1 (MIC50 = 42 µg ml-1), Serratia marcesc ...
... obtained results indicated that the compounds included in both, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa, strongly inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus DMB-PR-1-20 (MIC50 = 42 µg ml-1), Micrococcus luteus DMB-pR1-1 (MIC50 = 42 µg ml-1), Serratia marcesc ...
Atomic Force Microscopy in Cancer Cell Research
... and ideally to do this for cells from three different sources. This results in 1,000 to 15,000 measurements. Obviously, this is impractical to do without automation. Moreover, it is impossible to determine the Young’s modulus of the sample (a measure of its stiffness, or, alternatively, its elastici ...
... and ideally to do this for cells from three different sources. This results in 1,000 to 15,000 measurements. Obviously, this is impractical to do without automation. Moreover, it is impossible to determine the Young’s modulus of the sample (a measure of its stiffness, or, alternatively, its elastici ...
Surface probe measurements of the elasticity of sectioned tissue
... but also for probing the elasticity of cells and perhaps even tissues that previously have been studied only by macroscopic methods (8). Cells in vitro have been reported to have effective Young’s moduli, Ecell, in the range of 1–100 kPa (8-12). Relevant here, this range encompasses measurements of ...
... but also for probing the elasticity of cells and perhaps even tissues that previously have been studied only by macroscopic methods (8). Cells in vitro have been reported to have effective Young’s moduli, Ecell, in the range of 1–100 kPa (8-12). Relevant here, this range encompasses measurements of ...
Exine dehiscing induces rape microspore polarity
... (Tian and Sun, 2003; Tang et al., 2006). Further studies indicated that the first division of the EDMs, unlike that in intact microspores, could be asymmetric. It was also reported that after mild heat stress treatment, cultured microspores could develop into embryos with a suspensor after slightly ...
... (Tian and Sun, 2003; Tang et al., 2006). Further studies indicated that the first division of the EDMs, unlike that in intact microspores, could be asymmetric. It was also reported that after mild heat stress treatment, cultured microspores could develop into embryos with a suspensor after slightly ...
Two classic cadherin-related molecules with no cadherin
... The V-form cadherin genes are classified into type I and type II on the basis of phylogenetic differences (Takeichi, 1995). The type I cadherins are expressed rather ubiquitously, whereas the type II cadherins are expressed in more restricted cell populations. The major vertebrate type I cadherins a ...
... The V-form cadherin genes are classified into type I and type II on the basis of phylogenetic differences (Takeichi, 1995). The type I cadherins are expressed rather ubiquitously, whereas the type II cadherins are expressed in more restricted cell populations. The major vertebrate type I cadherins a ...
Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in
... and specification. Comparable studies are difficult in the mouse embryo and impossible in the human embryo. In addition to providing a model of early development, the ES cell differentiation system is viewed by many as a novel and unlimited source of cells and tissues for transplantation for the tre ...
... and specification. Comparable studies are difficult in the mouse embryo and impossible in the human embryo. In addition to providing a model of early development, the ES cell differentiation system is viewed by many as a novel and unlimited source of cells and tissues for transplantation for the tre ...
lncreased Expression of Vacuolar Aquaporin and
... permeability of the lipid bilayer is more than sufficient for required fluxes. However, some specialized plant cells, such as stomata cells, the motor cells of the pulvini of Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells ...
... permeability of the lipid bilayer is more than sufficient for required fluxes. However, some specialized plant cells, such as stomata cells, the motor cells of the pulvini of Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells ...
PPT - Yavapai College
... Every little box represents a stage in a particular chemical reaction. The sum of those reactions is the total cell metabolism—what makes the cell alive! You can visit the ecocyc database under the web links for this section as the last thing you do Remember three things: 1. every one of these react ...
... Every little box represents a stage in a particular chemical reaction. The sum of those reactions is the total cell metabolism—what makes the cell alive! You can visit the ecocyc database under the web links for this section as the last thing you do Remember three things: 1. every one of these react ...
In vitro control of neuronal polarity by
... their high content of negative charges. Thus, it is not surprising that GAGs, in the absence of their protein cores, can themselves be biologically active entities (Verna et al., 1989). However, the exact role and mode of action of proteoglycans and, in particular, the actual function of the complex ...
... their high content of negative charges. Thus, it is not surprising that GAGs, in the absence of their protein cores, can themselves be biologically active entities (Verna et al., 1989). However, the exact role and mode of action of proteoglycans and, in particular, the actual function of the complex ...
Close-packed structure
... (a) Binary phases, AXn The simplest ionic compounds contain just one type of cation (A) and one type of anion (X) present in various ratios covering compositions such as AX and AX2. Several different structures may exist for each of these compositions, depending on the relative sizes of the cations ...
... (a) Binary phases, AXn The simplest ionic compounds contain just one type of cation (A) and one type of anion (X) present in various ratios covering compositions such as AX and AX2. Several different structures may exist for each of these compositions, depending on the relative sizes of the cations ...
Transcriptional interference among the murine β
... of the endogenous human locus. Therefore, it is important to reexamine the conclusions drawn from transgene constructs at the endogenous mouse locus with minimal disturbance of the overall structure. In addition, none of these experiments explicitly addressed how genes expressed at the same developm ...
... of the endogenous human locus. Therefore, it is important to reexamine the conclusions drawn from transgene constructs at the endogenous mouse locus with minimal disturbance of the overall structure. In addition, none of these experiments explicitly addressed how genes expressed at the same developm ...
Perk Is Essential for Translational Regulation and Cell Survival
... stress. Rather, these results suggest that cellular dysfunction is brought about in some way by the accumulation of the malfolded proteins themselves, a consequence of their “proteotoxicity” (Hightower, 1991). This model is consistent with other experiments in which it has been demonstrated that ove ...
... stress. Rather, these results suggest that cellular dysfunction is brought about in some way by the accumulation of the malfolded proteins themselves, a consequence of their “proteotoxicity” (Hightower, 1991). This model is consistent with other experiments in which it has been demonstrated that ove ...
VCE_MFST1500-4
... rnycotoxins. ~· Iolds that produce these poisons have been found in the genera Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. One mold that has been found to produce mycotoxins most consistently is Aspergillus flavis. The poisons produced by this organism are called aflatoxins. l'loldy feeds fed to livest ...
... rnycotoxins. ~· Iolds that produce these poisons have been found in the genera Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. One mold that has been found to produce mycotoxins most consistently is Aspergillus flavis. The poisons produced by this organism are called aflatoxins. l'loldy feeds fed to livest ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.