VCE_MFST1500-4
... rnycotoxins. ~· Iolds that produce these poisons have been found in the genera Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. One mold that has been found to produce mycotoxins most consistently is Aspergillus flavis. The poisons produced by this organism are called aflatoxins. l'loldy feeds fed to livest ...
... rnycotoxins. ~· Iolds that produce these poisons have been found in the genera Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. One mold that has been found to produce mycotoxins most consistently is Aspergillus flavis. The poisons produced by this organism are called aflatoxins. l'loldy feeds fed to livest ...
Lipid Map of the Mammalian Cell
... type C protein 1 (NPC1) in the lysosomal membrane. Instead of acting as a flippase, NPC1 probably inserts low-density lipoprotein (LDL)derived cholesterol from the lumen into the surrounding membrane across the glycocalyx, the protective layer of glycans on the inner surface of the lysosomal membran ...
... type C protein 1 (NPC1) in the lysosomal membrane. Instead of acting as a flippase, NPC1 probably inserts low-density lipoprotein (LDL)derived cholesterol from the lumen into the surrounding membrane across the glycocalyx, the protective layer of glycans on the inner surface of the lysosomal membran ...
Perk Is Essential for Translational Regulation and Cell Survival
... stress. Rather, these results suggest that cellular dysfunction is brought about in some way by the accumulation of the malfolded proteins themselves, a consequence of their “proteotoxicity” (Hightower, 1991). This model is consistent with other experiments in which it has been demonstrated that ove ...
... stress. Rather, these results suggest that cellular dysfunction is brought about in some way by the accumulation of the malfolded proteins themselves, a consequence of their “proteotoxicity” (Hightower, 1991). This model is consistent with other experiments in which it has been demonstrated that ove ...
Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient
... long been recognised as crucial for the generation of tissues and organs in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, because EMT converts epithelial cells into migratory and invasive mesenchymal cells, it has also been established as an important step in the metastatic cascade of tumours (Nieto, ...
... long been recognised as crucial for the generation of tissues and organs in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, because EMT converts epithelial cells into migratory and invasive mesenchymal cells, it has also been established as an important step in the metastatic cascade of tumours (Nieto, ...
The VirE3 protein of Agrobacterium mimics a host cell function
... also compromised. Figure 2D shows that GFP-VirE3mNLS12 was found largely within the cell cytoplasm, colocalizing with the cytoplasmic pool of the DsRed2 fluorescence, but not with the nuclear DsRed2 (Figure 2E and F). Collectively, these results demonstrate the critical role of the VirE3 NLS1 and NL ...
... also compromised. Figure 2D shows that GFP-VirE3mNLS12 was found largely within the cell cytoplasm, colocalizing with the cytoplasmic pool of the DsRed2 fluorescence, but not with the nuclear DsRed2 (Figure 2E and F). Collectively, these results demonstrate the critical role of the VirE3 NLS1 and NL ...
The Dictyostelium LvsA Protein is Localized on the Contractile
... crucial role during cytokinesis [reviewed in (7)]. Several trafficking proteins, including clathrin, are required for cytokinesis (8). Interestingly, clathrin and LvsA mutants share several phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that they may participate in the same membrane traffic pathway (2,9). W ...
... crucial role during cytokinesis [reviewed in (7)]. Several trafficking proteins, including clathrin, are required for cytokinesis (8). Interestingly, clathrin and LvsA mutants share several phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that they may participate in the same membrane traffic pathway (2,9). W ...
Type I Alveolar Epithelial Cells Mount Innate Immune
... 11). In contrast, RelA drives inflammatory responses by promoting the expression of many cytokines, and the deletion of RelA from all cells severely compromises antibacterial host defense (12, 13). Mice with a surfactant protein C (SPC)-driven dominantnegative (dn)IkBa inhibitor of NF-kB have increa ...
... 11). In contrast, RelA drives inflammatory responses by promoting the expression of many cytokines, and the deletion of RelA from all cells severely compromises antibacterial host defense (12, 13). Mice with a surfactant protein C (SPC)-driven dominantnegative (dn)IkBa inhibitor of NF-kB have increa ...
Division, and Morphogenesis in Plants
... Ben Scheres and Renze Heidstra Department of Molecular Cell Biology ...
... Ben Scheres and Renze Heidstra Department of Molecular Cell Biology ...
The Small GTPases Rho and Rac Are Required for the
... with the cytoskeleton does not affect the binding of the cadherin extracellular domains (Wheelock et al., 1987; Bixby and Zhang, 1990) but rather participates in the clustering of the receptors at sites of cell–cell contacts, providing strength to adhesion (Kemler, 1993; Brieher et al., 1996). In sp ...
... with the cytoskeleton does not affect the binding of the cadherin extracellular domains (Wheelock et al., 1987; Bixby and Zhang, 1990) but rather participates in the clustering of the receptors at sites of cell–cell contacts, providing strength to adhesion (Kemler, 1993; Brieher et al., 1996). In sp ...
Molecular encounters at microtubule ends in the plant cell cortex
... protofilaments (’protofilament peeling’) are produced during MT shortening. MTs undergo dynamic instability, showing stochastic transitions between growing, pause and shrinking phases. When the minus end is anchored at its nucleation site, only the free plus end exhibits dynamic instability, but fre ...
... protofilaments (’protofilament peeling’) are produced during MT shortening. MTs undergo dynamic instability, showing stochastic transitions between growing, pause and shrinking phases. When the minus end is anchored at its nucleation site, only the free plus end exhibits dynamic instability, but fre ...
Surface Sialic Acids Taken from the Host Allow Trypanosome
... peptides are replaced by the intact GPI precursor, PP1 (Fig. 2 A; reference 26). The GPI-anchored procyclins and some excess PP1 leave the ER and are processed in the Golgi apparatus to bear branched poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine side chains, which become terminally sialylated upon reaching the plasma m ...
... peptides are replaced by the intact GPI precursor, PP1 (Fig. 2 A; reference 26). The GPI-anchored procyclins and some excess PP1 leave the ER and are processed in the Golgi apparatus to bear branched poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine side chains, which become terminally sialylated upon reaching the plasma m ...
06Gastrulationtxt
... Gastrulation - The point in embryogenesis where the basic organization of the organism is established. ...
... Gastrulation - The point in embryogenesis where the basic organization of the organism is established. ...
Teacher Guide for Amplify Cell Structure and Function Module
... • Conducting the investigation Allow students to conduct their own investigation. If they need help, use guiding questions to help students make observations: How do this molecule and this organelle interact? Is the molecule bouncing off of the organelle (no interaction)? Is the molecule going into ...
... • Conducting the investigation Allow students to conduct their own investigation. If they need help, use guiding questions to help students make observations: How do this molecule and this organelle interact? Is the molecule bouncing off of the organelle (no interaction)? Is the molecule going into ...
The neural tube origin of ventral root sheath cells in
... Tritium labelling was introduced by Weston (1963) in an attempt to overcome these deficiencies. Using labelled crestless neural tube grafts, he again observed that sheath cells emigrate from the neural tube with the motor axons, but could not determine the full extent of this emigration because of t ...
... Tritium labelling was introduced by Weston (1963) in an attempt to overcome these deficiencies. Using labelled crestless neural tube grafts, he again observed that sheath cells emigrate from the neural tube with the motor axons, but could not determine the full extent of this emigration because of t ...
PDF
... the n bandlet can be distinguished after their first divisions (Zackson, 1984). Cells in one class (called nf) undergo an asymmetric division (large anterior daughter and small posterior daughter) approximately 22 h after they are born, whereas those in the other class (called ns) undergo a symmetri ...
... the n bandlet can be distinguished after their first divisions (Zackson, 1984). Cells in one class (called nf) undergo an asymmetric division (large anterior daughter and small posterior daughter) approximately 22 h after they are born, whereas those in the other class (called ns) undergo a symmetri ...
chromosomes
... Without full chromosome attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Without full chromosome attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Interferon-α (IFN-α) suppresses HTLV-1 gene
... found that viral gene expression in IL-2-dependent HTLV-1-infected T-cells (ILTs) derived from ATL patients was markedly suppressed by stromal cells through a type I IFN response. Here, we investigated the effects of IFN-α with or without AZT on viral gene expression and cell growth in ILTs. Results ...
... found that viral gene expression in IL-2-dependent HTLV-1-infected T-cells (ILTs) derived from ATL patients was markedly suppressed by stromal cells through a type I IFN response. Here, we investigated the effects of IFN-α with or without AZT on viral gene expression and cell growth in ILTs. Results ...
Wnt signaling
... characterized Wnt pathway. Signals are coming through the 7 transmembrane domains of Frizzled-receptors, than Dsh is phosphorylated and signal is transmitted via -catenin to TCF/LEF in the nucleus. 2 Ca-dependent Wnt signaling is transmitted by Frizzled-s and G-proteins and the intracellular signal ...
... characterized Wnt pathway. Signals are coming through the 7 transmembrane domains of Frizzled-receptors, than Dsh is phosphorylated and signal is transmitted via -catenin to TCF/LEF in the nucleus. 2 Ca-dependent Wnt signaling is transmitted by Frizzled-s and G-proteins and the intracellular signal ...
Heat shock proteins: the search for functions.
... of various thiol oxidants and heavy metals on chicken embryo fibroblasts and noted the induction of proteins resembling the HSPs (40). A comparison of the HSP90 and kinaseassociated P90 by proteolytic digestion indicated the two were identical and this was confirmed when the P90 showed a positive re ...
... of various thiol oxidants and heavy metals on chicken embryo fibroblasts and noted the induction of proteins resembling the HSPs (40). A comparison of the HSP90 and kinaseassociated P90 by proteolytic digestion indicated the two were identical and this was confirmed when the P90 showed a positive re ...
PDF
... Growing buds of 3-4 mm in length were extirpated from the parental animal. They were incubated in Millipore-filtered sea water (MFSW) containing 0.1 ^jg, 0.3 ^g, 1/igor lO^gml" 1 of TC-14 and/or 5mM galactose, and were allowed to develop for two days in the presence of streptomycin (0.5xlO- 4 gUmr') ...
... Growing buds of 3-4 mm in length were extirpated from the parental animal. They were incubated in Millipore-filtered sea water (MFSW) containing 0.1 ^jg, 0.3 ^g, 1/igor lO^gml" 1 of TC-14 and/or 5mM galactose, and were allowed to develop for two days in the presence of streptomycin (0.5xlO- 4 gUmr') ...
references - Acusmatica.org
... The use of more than one microbial fuel kits can create more interesting structural patterns in time. Four units were used for this particular musical work. By finding different mechanisms to couple their behaviors one could compare this process to the art of writing for an instrumental improvisatio ...
... The use of more than one microbial fuel kits can create more interesting structural patterns in time. Four units were used for this particular musical work. By finding different mechanisms to couple their behaviors one could compare this process to the art of writing for an instrumental improvisatio ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... development of organoleptic properties (Chapot-Chartier, 1996; Crow et al., 1995). The cell envelope appears as a physical barrier for the bacterial enzymes to reach the extracellular substrates. Bacterial autolysis was previously shown to enhance the contribution of enzymes to cheese flavour format ...
... development of organoleptic properties (Chapot-Chartier, 1996; Crow et al., 1995). The cell envelope appears as a physical barrier for the bacterial enzymes to reach the extracellular substrates. Bacterial autolysis was previously shown to enhance the contribution of enzymes to cheese flavour format ...
Two Functional a-Tubulin Genes of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Encode Divergent Proteins.
... there was again considerable divergence. The carboxyterminal amino acid in both of the S. cerevisiae proteins was phenylalanine instead of tyrosine, which has been found in all other a-tubulins sequenced to date (15). The TUB] and TUB3 nucleotide sequences were compared in the coding regions, the no ...
... there was again considerable divergence. The carboxyterminal amino acid in both of the S. cerevisiae proteins was phenylalanine instead of tyrosine, which has been found in all other a-tubulins sequenced to date (15). The TUB] and TUB3 nucleotide sequences were compared in the coding regions, the no ...
Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy
... represented by amacrine cells, which reach 50% of all the cells in the adult (Perry, 1981). To establish what fraction of cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal mouse retina is represented by ganglion cells alone, we counted the total number of cells of the layer in P1 retinal whole mounts ...
... represented by amacrine cells, which reach 50% of all the cells in the adult (Perry, 1981). To establish what fraction of cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal mouse retina is represented by ganglion cells alone, we counted the total number of cells of the layer in P1 retinal whole mounts ...
Phosphatidylserine, a death knell
... scramblase activation in apoptotic cells does not result from changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Activation of the scramblase is not restricted to apoptotic cells, however, and occurs upon activation of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.16 In both apoptotic and activated cells, the scramblase is ...
... scramblase activation in apoptotic cells does not result from changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Activation of the scramblase is not restricted to apoptotic cells, however, and occurs upon activation of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.16 In both apoptotic and activated cells, the scramblase is ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.