PDF - Blood Journal
... melanocytes and platelets.16 These lineage-restricted effects could result either from a high concentration of Rab proteins in target cells, so that reduced enzyme activity is limiting, or from the particular sensitivity of cell type–specific Rabs to reduced RGGT levels. Regardless of the precise me ...
... melanocytes and platelets.16 These lineage-restricted effects could result either from a high concentration of Rab proteins in target cells, so that reduced enzyme activity is limiting, or from the particular sensitivity of cell type–specific Rabs to reduced RGGT levels. Regardless of the precise me ...
Turgor Pressure
... only be 0.03 bars (0.003 MPa). Thus plants operate at high pressures that are essential to the way they interact with their environment. Many examples can be found ranging from the subcellular to the whole plant. The activity of the transport proteins pumping solutes into the cell can be regulated b ...
... only be 0.03 bars (0.003 MPa). Thus plants operate at high pressures that are essential to the way they interact with their environment. Many examples can be found ranging from the subcellular to the whole plant. The activity of the transport proteins pumping solutes into the cell can be regulated b ...
Measuring forces and stresses in situ in living tissues
... KEY WORDS: Mechanics, Morphogenesis, Quantitative biology ...
... KEY WORDS: Mechanics, Morphogenesis, Quantitative biology ...
Phosphorylation of Bni4 by MAP kinases contributes to septum
... correct assembly of the chitin ring (Sanz et al. 2004; Larson et al. 2008). To date it is unclear whether Bni4 might perform additional functions in CSIII regulation. What has become clear over the years is that Bni4 must perform functions at the neck other than regulating CSIII (Larson, Kozubowski ...
... correct assembly of the chitin ring (Sanz et al. 2004; Larson et al. 2008). To date it is unclear whether Bni4 might perform additional functions in CSIII regulation. What has become clear over the years is that Bni4 must perform functions at the neck other than regulating CSIII (Larson, Kozubowski ...
Stamen Structure and Function
... of photomorphogenesis in plants) found to be upregulated in rice anthers at the panicle heading stage, suggesting a role in mediating light signals to coordinate flowering with anther dehiscence (Kerim et al., 2003). In situ hybridization shows that genes identified in the expression studies are spe ...
... of photomorphogenesis in plants) found to be upregulated in rice anthers at the panicle heading stage, suggesting a role in mediating light signals to coordinate flowering with anther dehiscence (Kerim et al., 2003). In situ hybridization shows that genes identified in the expression studies are spe ...
Gene trap insertion into a novel gene expressed during mouse limb
... In this paper, we report a gene-trap event that shows expression in the limb. The limb has been the subject of studies for decades in the chick, because it is readily accessible to experimental manipulations in ovo. Many genes that are involved in limb development have been identified by homology sc ...
... In this paper, we report a gene-trap event that shows expression in the limb. The limb has been the subject of studies for decades in the chick, because it is readily accessible to experimental manipulations in ovo. Many genes that are involved in limb development have been identified by homology sc ...
File
... Mitochondria are in nearly all eukaryotic cells They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner ...
... Mitochondria are in nearly all eukaryotic cells They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner ...
Expedited Publication Marks the Smooth Muscle Lineage
... whose promoters could be used to identify regulators of SMC transcription. For example, a number of cytoskeletal and contractile genes have been used as markers for SMCs during development and disease"; however, many such markers, including extra-domain fibronectin variants,'2 meta-vinculin,'3 a-tro ...
... whose promoters could be used to identify regulators of SMC transcription. For example, a number of cytoskeletal and contractile genes have been used as markers for SMCs during development and disease"; however, many such markers, including extra-domain fibronectin variants,'2 meta-vinculin,'3 a-tro ...
Control of Metabolism and Growth Through Insulin-Like
... (2,6). These two neuroendocrine cell populations differentiate during embryogenesis and project axons that contact the open hemolymph circulation as well as each other. Together, they comprise a specialized network for controlling metabolism and growth that likely shares a common evolutionary ancest ...
... (2,6). These two neuroendocrine cell populations differentiate during embryogenesis and project axons that contact the open hemolymph circulation as well as each other. Together, they comprise a specialized network for controlling metabolism and growth that likely shares a common evolutionary ancest ...
Gene Section BTK (Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... agammaglobulinemia (XLA). The XLA disease, which was first described by Dr. O.C. Bruton in 1952, is characterized by protracted and recurrent bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations of XLA XLA Patients have less than 1% of the normal number of peripheral B cells. Serum levels of all Ig classes ...
... agammaglobulinemia (XLA). The XLA disease, which was first described by Dr. O.C. Bruton in 1952, is characterized by protracted and recurrent bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations of XLA XLA Patients have less than 1% of the normal number of peripheral B cells. Serum levels of all Ig classes ...
Fine-mapping quantitative trait loci affecting murine external ear
... recombination of the parental genotypes (Kramer et al., 1998; Vaughn et al., 1999). Two hundred pairs of F2 hybrids were randomly mated to form a F3 generation of 1600 individuals in 200 full-sibships (Kramer et al., 1998; Fawcett et al., 2008). Two random sets of 50 mating pairs were chosen to star ...
... recombination of the parental genotypes (Kramer et al., 1998; Vaughn et al., 1999). Two hundred pairs of F2 hybrids were randomly mated to form a F3 generation of 1600 individuals in 200 full-sibships (Kramer et al., 1998; Fawcett et al., 2008). Two random sets of 50 mating pairs were chosen to star ...
Mutations in the VPS45 gene, a SEC1 homologue, result in vacuolar
... suggests that these mutants are competent to construct and maintain a vacuole structure, yet have specific protein targeting and sorting defects. Some of these defects may involve the disruption of specific vesicular trafficking events that are responsible for the delivery of distinct subsets of vac ...
... suggests that these mutants are competent to construct and maintain a vacuole structure, yet have specific protein targeting and sorting defects. Some of these defects may involve the disruption of specific vesicular trafficking events that are responsible for the delivery of distinct subsets of vac ...
Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Actively Protect
... epithelium that also serves as a selective molecular gateway (Bailey 1916). The classic role attributed to the CP is the production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); however, there is a growing body of evidence over the last decade that CP epithelial cells (CPECs) are associated with various physiol ...
... epithelium that also serves as a selective molecular gateway (Bailey 1916). The classic role attributed to the CP is the production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); however, there is a growing body of evidence over the last decade that CP epithelial cells (CPECs) are associated with various physiol ...
The chromatin-remodeling enzyme BRG1 plays an essential role in
... using a 449 bp probe against the 3⬘ portion of intron 14 and genomic DNA digested with BamHI. The PCR primers used to generate the Southern probe ...
... using a 449 bp probe against the 3⬘ portion of intron 14 and genomic DNA digested with BamHI. The PCR primers used to generate the Southern probe ...
Two Distinct Sources of Elicited Reactive Oxygen
... phase I production of ROS appears to involve an elicitorreceptor interaction, the responses are not always correlated with plant disease resistance. Later ROS production (many hours) is termed phase II and correlates with the resistance or susceptibility of the plant to the pathogen. Phase I and II ...
... phase I production of ROS appears to involve an elicitorreceptor interaction, the responses are not always correlated with plant disease resistance. Later ROS production (many hours) is termed phase II and correlates with the resistance or susceptibility of the plant to the pathogen. Phase I and II ...
30Reasons Why You Need a Shot a Day!
... Wolfberry is high in antioxidant carotenoids including beta-carotene and zeaxanthin. Beta-carotene is good for the retina. Zeaxanthin is needed for good eye sight. Ningxia wolfberry has the highest amount of zeaxanthin and other carotenoids of any food known! 8) The main constituent in the Ningxia W ...
... Wolfberry is high in antioxidant carotenoids including beta-carotene and zeaxanthin. Beta-carotene is good for the retina. Zeaxanthin is needed for good eye sight. Ningxia wolfberry has the highest amount of zeaxanthin and other carotenoids of any food known! 8) The main constituent in the Ningxia W ...
Anticancer Properties of Cardiac Glycosides
... p21 WAF1 and suppresses cyclin D expression in response to the activation of p53 [35]. Because the tumor suppressor p21 WAF1 acts as a potent inhibitor of cell cycle progression [36] and because cyclin D1 is a subunit of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk)-4 and Cdk-6, which are responsible for cell cycle ...
... p21 WAF1 and suppresses cyclin D expression in response to the activation of p53 [35]. Because the tumor suppressor p21 WAF1 acts as a potent inhibitor of cell cycle progression [36] and because cyclin D1 is a subunit of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk)-4 and Cdk-6, which are responsible for cell cycle ...
Development of Conjunctival Goblet Cells and Their
... This evidence suggests that parasympathetic and perhaps sympathetic nerves regulate goblet cell secretion in response to external stimuli. The neural regulation of goblet cell secretion is essential to provide protection for and maintenance of the ocular surface ensuring clear vision. Morphologic st ...
... This evidence suggests that parasympathetic and perhaps sympathetic nerves regulate goblet cell secretion in response to external stimuli. The neural regulation of goblet cell secretion is essential to provide protection for and maintenance of the ocular surface ensuring clear vision. Morphologic st ...
CATCH makes it easy Recover known profiles + Discover new
... The analysis was facilitated by Moniek Riemersma and Maarten Kooyman through their student projects at the CMBI. The CATCH user interface was mainly developed by the GiPCATCH project team. The work of F. Nielsen is partly funded by the European HEROIC grant for mouse epigenetics. ...
... The analysis was facilitated by Moniek Riemersma and Maarten Kooyman through their student projects at the CMBI. The CATCH user interface was mainly developed by the GiPCATCH project team. The work of F. Nielsen is partly funded by the European HEROIC grant for mouse epigenetics. ...
Effects of Glucocorticoid on Microglia Cell Functions
... family. Even so each individual receptor is highly conserved with over 50% homology observed ...
... family. Even so each individual receptor is highly conserved with over 50% homology observed ...
Influence of Deformability of Human Red Cells upon Blood Viscosity
... pore diameters of 14 /x (type NC) were used in a 25-mm filter holder (type XX30-025-00). At 37°C and a driving pressure of 15 ± 1 cm H2O, a fixed volume was passed through die filter. After the filter holder had filled and steady flow through die filter itself began, a volume of 2 ml was passed, and ...
... pore diameters of 14 /x (type NC) were used in a 25-mm filter holder (type XX30-025-00). At 37°C and a driving pressure of 15 ± 1 cm H2O, a fixed volume was passed through die filter. After the filter holder had filled and steady flow through die filter itself began, a volume of 2 ml was passed, and ...
Targeting lactate metabolism for cancer therapeutics
... transcription target of HIF-1α and is markedly upregulated in response to hypoxia (71, 72). MCT4 is also expressed at basal levels in several tissues and cell types (e.g., astrocytes), though the mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of basal expression are not clear. MCT1 expression is normally si ...
... transcription target of HIF-1α and is markedly upregulated in response to hypoxia (71, 72). MCT4 is also expressed at basal levels in several tissues and cell types (e.g., astrocytes), though the mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of basal expression are not clear. MCT1 expression is normally si ...
Evolutionary aspects of non-cell-autonomous regulation in vascular
... cell division in these plants. Generally, the structure of PD in seedless plants was found to be similar to that in seed plants; there is, to our knowledge, only one exception, namely, the unique structure of expanded PD in angle and apical meristems of Selaginella willdenovii (Wochok and Clayton, 1 ...
... cell division in these plants. Generally, the structure of PD in seedless plants was found to be similar to that in seed plants; there is, to our knowledge, only one exception, namely, the unique structure of expanded PD in angle and apical meristems of Selaginella willdenovii (Wochok and Clayton, 1 ...
Newcastle disease virus may enter cells by caveolae
... Helenius, 1980), rhabdoviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (Matlin et al., 1982; Sun et al., 2005), influenza viruses (Matlin et al., 1981; Roy et al., 2000), adenoviruses (Bartlett et al., 2000), parvoviruses (Parker & Parrish, 2000), JC polyomavirus (Pho et al., 2000), picornaviruses (Parke ...
... Helenius, 1980), rhabdoviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (Matlin et al., 1982; Sun et al., 2005), influenza viruses (Matlin et al., 1981; Roy et al., 2000), adenoviruses (Bartlett et al., 2000), parvoviruses (Parker & Parrish, 2000), JC polyomavirus (Pho et al., 2000), picornaviruses (Parke ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... Microtubules were labelled using the freeze shattering technique of Wasteneys et al. (1997). Briefly, cells were collected and washed three times with fresh WHS and then fixed in 0.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1.5 % paraformaldehyde (EMS) in a microtubule stabilizing buffer (MtbSB) containing 50 mM PIPES, ...
... Microtubules were labelled using the freeze shattering technique of Wasteneys et al. (1997). Briefly, cells were collected and washed three times with fresh WHS and then fixed in 0.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1.5 % paraformaldehyde (EMS) in a microtubule stabilizing buffer (MtbSB) containing 50 mM PIPES, ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.