Spontaneous zygogenesis in Escherichia coli, a form
... streaked onto the medium used in the initial selection. Two to three colonies per isolated clone were picked up and incubated for 90 min in LB. Cells were allowed to divide for one to two generations up to a cell density of at most 104 c.f.u. ml21, so that possible adhesion between separated cells w ...
... streaked onto the medium used in the initial selection. Two to three colonies per isolated clone were picked up and incubated for 90 min in LB. Cells were allowed to divide for one to two generations up to a cell density of at most 104 c.f.u. ml21, so that possible adhesion between separated cells w ...
Progress Report on Reduced-Lignin Alfalfa: Part I, Plant Modifications
... Researchers have been studying cell walls for many years in an attempt to find ways for cows to more completely digest this fiber. (The same concept applies to other industries, such as wood pulp or cellulosic ethanol production.) Alfalfa hay cell walls consist of: pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose a ...
... Researchers have been studying cell walls for many years in an attempt to find ways for cows to more completely digest this fiber. (The same concept applies to other industries, such as wood pulp or cellulosic ethanol production.) Alfalfa hay cell walls consist of: pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose a ...
Orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal bHLH
... the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the structural innovations that allow this regulated exchange (Edwards et al. ...
... the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the structural innovations that allow this regulated exchange (Edwards et al. ...
The orphan histidine protein kinase SgmT is a cdiGMP receptor and
... ensures specificity in TCS signalling and precludes deleterious cross-talk in vivo depends on the kinetic preference of cognate TCS protein pairs for each other (Skerker et al., 2005; Laub and Goulian, 2007). Typically, cognate TCS partners are encoded by adjacent genes and easily recognized (Stock ...
... ensures specificity in TCS signalling and precludes deleterious cross-talk in vivo depends on the kinetic preference of cognate TCS protein pairs for each other (Skerker et al., 2005; Laub and Goulian, 2007). Typically, cognate TCS partners are encoded by adjacent genes and easily recognized (Stock ...
The Parkinson`s disease protein -synuclein disrupts
... budding from the ER, tethering and docking to target membranes, and finally SNARE protein-dependent vesicle fusion (18). We first asked whether !-syn would inhibit ER3Golgi transport in a reconstituted cell-free assay (19). This assay measures the amount of ER-localized [35S]glyco-pro-!-factor that ...
... budding from the ER, tethering and docking to target membranes, and finally SNARE protein-dependent vesicle fusion (18). We first asked whether !-syn would inhibit ER3Golgi transport in a reconstituted cell-free assay (19). This assay measures the amount of ER-localized [35S]glyco-pro-!-factor that ...
The Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and
... Analysis of Mitochondrial Ribosomes and Polysomes—For the analysis of mitochondrial polysomes, cells were labeled with [35S]methionine as described (5) and mixed with 143B.TK⫺ cells that had been labeled for 1 day with [5-3H]uridine in the absence of inhibitors (to provide size markers for the sucro ...
... Analysis of Mitochondrial Ribosomes and Polysomes—For the analysis of mitochondrial polysomes, cells were labeled with [35S]methionine as described (5) and mixed with 143B.TK⫺ cells that had been labeled for 1 day with [5-3H]uridine in the absence of inhibitors (to provide size markers for the sucro ...
Biofilm-grown Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC
... topped tube (Sterlin) with 2 ml of the same solution to give a density of 106 cfu/ml. Triplicate samples were taken of both adherent and planktonic cells at 10 min to enumerate the number of surviving bacteria. Membranes or a 200 μl aliquot of the planktonic cells were aseptically removed from each ...
... topped tube (Sterlin) with 2 ml of the same solution to give a density of 106 cfu/ml. Triplicate samples were taken of both adherent and planktonic cells at 10 min to enumerate the number of surviving bacteria. Membranes or a 200 μl aliquot of the planktonic cells were aseptically removed from each ...
Transformations
... Like the lux genes, the GFP gene has an aquatic origin. GFP stands for Green Fluorescent Protein, and the GFP gene is from a bioluminescent jellyfish, Aequorea victoria. These jellyfish emit a green glow from the edges of their belllike structures. This glow is easily seen in the coastal waters inha ...
... Like the lux genes, the GFP gene has an aquatic origin. GFP stands for Green Fluorescent Protein, and the GFP gene is from a bioluminescent jellyfish, Aequorea victoria. These jellyfish emit a green glow from the edges of their belllike structures. This glow is easily seen in the coastal waters inha ...
An A/ENTH Domain-Containing Protein Functions
... Among a large number of ANTH domain proteins, AP180 is involved in endocytosis in both animal and plant cells (Mao et al., 2001; Barth and Holstein, 2004). Among the ENTH domain proteins, Epsin1, Epsin2, and Epsin3 in animal cells and ENT1 in yeast function in endocytosis (Chen et al., 1998; Aguilar ...
... Among a large number of ANTH domain proteins, AP180 is involved in endocytosis in both animal and plant cells (Mao et al., 2001; Barth and Holstein, 2004). Among the ENTH domain proteins, Epsin1, Epsin2, and Epsin3 in animal cells and ENT1 in yeast function in endocytosis (Chen et al., 1998; Aguilar ...
How and Why Does a Fly Turn Its Immune System Off?
... comparative immunological perspective, it is useful to know how different organisms have evolved solutions for fighting infections, because this information can lead to new ways of thinking about disease. At a simple level, it is clear that many immune responses are designed to turn on when needed, p ...
... comparative immunological perspective, it is useful to know how different organisms have evolved solutions for fighting infections, because this information can lead to new ways of thinking about disease. At a simple level, it is clear that many immune responses are designed to turn on when needed, p ...
Anillin, a Contractile Ring Protein That Cycles from the Nucleus to
... 1994). The orientation of this ring is governed by the positions of the mitotic spindle through an unknown mechanism (Rappaport and Rappaport, 1974). During late anaphase, the cell cortex changes in the region where the cleavage furrow will form. Both myosin II and the recently identified septin pro ...
... 1994). The orientation of this ring is governed by the positions of the mitotic spindle through an unknown mechanism (Rappaport and Rappaport, 1974). During late anaphase, the cell cortex changes in the region where the cleavage furrow will form. Both myosin II and the recently identified septin pro ...
Comparison of an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line
... wherein we could isolate HSV-1 in Vero cells only in 5/15 (33.3%) specimens obtained from patients with HSK [13]. This study demonstrates that using HCE can further increase the virus isolation rate. The rate of isolation of HSV-1 from corneal scrapings has increased from 33.3% to 58.82% in our labo ...
... wherein we could isolate HSV-1 in Vero cells only in 5/15 (33.3%) specimens obtained from patients with HSK [13]. This study demonstrates that using HCE can further increase the virus isolation rate. The rate of isolation of HSV-1 from corneal scrapings has increased from 33.3% to 58.82% in our labo ...
Atg18 function in autophagy is regulated by specific sites within its b
... repeats, which are predicted to fold into a seven-bladed bpropeller (Dove et al., 2004) (Fig. 1A). Previous studies have indicated that Atg18 requires Atg2 for its recruitment to the PAS, and that these two proteins are able to form a complex of ,500 kDa (Obara et al., 2008b). To study how the funct ...
... repeats, which are predicted to fold into a seven-bladed bpropeller (Dove et al., 2004) (Fig. 1A). Previous studies have indicated that Atg18 requires Atg2 for its recruitment to the PAS, and that these two proteins are able to form a complex of ,500 kDa (Obara et al., 2008b). To study how the funct ...
Second Harmonic Imaging of Plant Polysaccharides
... photon fluorescence images of chloroplasts under conditions which show no sign of impacting on cell viability. No loss of red chlorophyll signal was observed in the course of collecting a 97-slice stack; the chlorophyll fluorescence showed no sign of shifting to the green and therefore appearing in ...
... photon fluorescence images of chloroplasts under conditions which show no sign of impacting on cell viability. No loss of red chlorophyll signal was observed in the course of collecting a 97-slice stack; the chlorophyll fluorescence showed no sign of shifting to the green and therefore appearing in ...
1)Yang, X., Dormann, D., Münsterberg, A. E., and Weijer - ICB-USP
... cells over the ectoderm (Wilson and Leptin, 2000), and, in Xenopus, there is considerable evidence that FGF is involved in controlling the convergent extension movements of the mesoderm (Amaya et al., 1991; Kroll and Amaya, 1996; Nutt et al., 2001). The phenotypes of knockout mice provide strong evi ...
... cells over the ectoderm (Wilson and Leptin, 2000), and, in Xenopus, there is considerable evidence that FGF is involved in controlling the convergent extension movements of the mesoderm (Amaya et al., 1991; Kroll and Amaya, 1996; Nutt et al., 2001). The phenotypes of knockout mice provide strong evi ...
Growth Factors
... To ensure total confusion, several are known by two different names, e.g. IFN-α7 is also ...
... To ensure total confusion, several are known by two different names, e.g. IFN-α7 is also ...
Amino acids substitutions in σ1 and μ1 outer capsid proteins of a
... present study, that are inefficient in their ability to uncoat the virus (Golden et al., 2002). During uncoating, the σ3 protein is ...
... present study, that are inefficient in their ability to uncoat the virus (Golden et al., 2002). During uncoating, the σ3 protein is ...
Early Events in Annelid Regeneration: A Cellular Perspective
... annelids (Randolph 1891, 1892) to describe these cells in Lumbriculus (and now a term also widely used to refer to a pluripotent type of cell in planarians). Despite efforts to identify these cells in other annelids, dissepimentary cells/‘‘neoblasts’’ that migrate intersegmentally appear to be restr ...
... annelids (Randolph 1891, 1892) to describe these cells in Lumbriculus (and now a term also widely used to refer to a pluripotent type of cell in planarians). Despite efforts to identify these cells in other annelids, dissepimentary cells/‘‘neoblasts’’ that migrate intersegmentally appear to be restr ...
Comparative Biochemistry of the Oxidative Burst Produced by Rose
... H2O2 (Levine et al., 1994) may serve as signals leading indirectly to mortality. However, in at least one case it has been shown that an oxidative burst by itself is not sufficient to trigger programmed cell death (Glazener et al., 1996). The oxidative burst is often a very rapid response, occurring ...
... H2O2 (Levine et al., 1994) may serve as signals leading indirectly to mortality. However, in at least one case it has been shown that an oxidative burst by itself is not sufficient to trigger programmed cell death (Glazener et al., 1996). The oxidative burst is often a very rapid response, occurring ...
Early Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants: Setting Up the Basic Body
... Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2012.63:483-506. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Universidad Veracruzana on 01/08/14. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2012.63:483-506. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Universidad Veracruzana on 01/08/14. For personal use only. ...
Generation of CD19-chimeric antigen receptor
... Allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) is the most effective postconsolidation therapy for high-risk B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults and can cure a fraction of pediatric and adult patients with ALL who relapse after conventional chemotherapy.1-4 However, leukemia relapse remains a common ca ...
... Allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) is the most effective postconsolidation therapy for high-risk B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults and can cure a fraction of pediatric and adult patients with ALL who relapse after conventional chemotherapy.1-4 However, leukemia relapse remains a common ca ...
The Protoplast: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasmic
... remain interconnected by cytoplasmic strands known as plasmodesmata, which traverse the walls and unite the entire plant body into an organic whole. Appropriately, plants have been characterized as supracellular organisms (Lucas et al., 1993). In its modern form the cell theory states simply that: ( ...
... remain interconnected by cytoplasmic strands known as plasmodesmata, which traverse the walls and unite the entire plant body into an organic whole. Appropriately, plants have been characterized as supracellular organisms (Lucas et al., 1993). In its modern form the cell theory states simply that: ( ...
Template Activity Report_Postdoctoral Fellowship
... Earlier we developed mRNA loaded microbubbles and demonstrated that they can be used as an efficient ultrasound-triggered transfection tool for DCs, without compromising DC viability or maturation capacities. Moreover we proved that DCs that were sonoporated with antigen mRNA via mRNA loaded microbu ...
... Earlier we developed mRNA loaded microbubbles and demonstrated that they can be used as an efficient ultrasound-triggered transfection tool for DCs, without compromising DC viability or maturation capacities. Moreover we proved that DCs that were sonoporated with antigen mRNA via mRNA loaded microbu ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.