Monera: Eubacteria
... of DNA is replicated. This allows the genetic information to be transferred to the new cell. Next, the plasma membrane pinches inside and produces two cells that are equal. • Eubacteria also reproduce sexually by conjugation. In this reproduction process two conjugal bacteria make cell to cell conta ...
... of DNA is replicated. This allows the genetic information to be transferred to the new cell. Next, the plasma membrane pinches inside and produces two cells that are equal. • Eubacteria also reproduce sexually by conjugation. In this reproduction process two conjugal bacteria make cell to cell conta ...
+TIPs and Microtubule Regulation. The Beginning of the Plus End in
... just beginning, the emerging data indicate that some, but not all, 1TIPs are conserved in the green lineage and that plants have at least one family of 1TIPs that is unique. Plants, it seems, organize their MT arrays via a combination of novel and phylogenetically conserved mechanisms. MT ARRAYS IN ...
... just beginning, the emerging data indicate that some, but not all, 1TIPs are conserved in the green lineage and that plants have at least one family of 1TIPs that is unique. Plants, it seems, organize their MT arrays via a combination of novel and phylogenetically conserved mechanisms. MT ARRAYS IN ...
Structural determinants for rCNT2 sorting to the plasma membrane
... bj/442/bj4420517add.htm) showed similar expression levels for all these proteins, so uptake changes are due to differential activity and/or localization. Guanosine-uptake assays showed significantly impaired activity when the N-terminal region was deleted beyond Thr37 (Figure 1B), which was consiste ...
... bj/442/bj4420517add.htm) showed similar expression levels for all these proteins, so uptake changes are due to differential activity and/or localization. Guanosine-uptake assays showed significantly impaired activity when the N-terminal region was deleted beyond Thr37 (Figure 1B), which was consiste ...
Disruption of a Dynamin Homologue Affects Endocytosis, Organelle
... to elucidate its function in this genetically tractable, unicellular organism. These highly motile cells have proven to be a useful system in which to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating protein and vesicular trafficking along the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. There is good eviden ...
... to elucidate its function in this genetically tractable, unicellular organism. These highly motile cells have proven to be a useful system in which to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating protein and vesicular trafficking along the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. There is good eviden ...
The Role of Exopolysaccharides in Adhesion of
... the bacteria recovered from the surface were due entirely to attachment and not multiplication. DISCUSSION ...
... the bacteria recovered from the surface were due entirely to attachment and not multiplication. DISCUSSION ...
Cancer epigenome: A review
... relaxed euchromatin. Methylation is the best-studied epigenetic modification that occurs in ...
... relaxed euchromatin. Methylation is the best-studied epigenetic modification that occurs in ...
KRP3A and KRP3B: Candidate Motors in Spermatid Maturation in
... different structural demands on these specialized proteins in an array of microtubule complexes. Although microtubule-based movements are critical to spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function, only a handful of motor proteins have been identified and characterized from the seminiferous epithelium [4 ...
... different structural demands on these specialized proteins in an array of microtubule complexes. Although microtubule-based movements are critical to spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function, only a handful of motor proteins have been identified and characterized from the seminiferous epithelium [4 ...
A Conditional System to Specifically Link Disruption of
... with both spatial and temporal control. As a result, conditional gene disruption has become a critical tool for understanding gene function during development, homeostasis, as well as in disease states (Rajewsky, 2007; Schmidt-Supprian and Rajewsky, 2007). Fluorescent reporter alleles have proved to ...
... with both spatial and temporal control. As a result, conditional gene disruption has become a critical tool for understanding gene function during development, homeostasis, as well as in disease states (Rajewsky, 2007; Schmidt-Supprian and Rajewsky, 2007). Fluorescent reporter alleles have proved to ...
Integrin inside-out signaling and
... from within the cell. However, inducing conformational change by adding a ligand is not just a structural biology shortcut — the law of mass action tells us that ligand binding drives to the conformation with highest affinity for ligand. The open conformation of the headpiece is thus the conformatio ...
... from within the cell. However, inducing conformational change by adding a ligand is not just a structural biology shortcut — the law of mass action tells us that ligand binding drives to the conformation with highest affinity for ligand. The open conformation of the headpiece is thus the conformatio ...
transcriptome analyses reveal differential gene - ePIC
... key role, as it provided (and still provides) a prerequisite for heterotrophic feeding and the evolution of photoautotrophy in eukaryotes (Raven 1997). Mixotrophy, for example, has been observed in numerous haptophytes (Jones et al. 1994) and was also suspected for E. huxleyi (Houdan et al. 2005). F ...
... key role, as it provided (and still provides) a prerequisite for heterotrophic feeding and the evolution of photoautotrophy in eukaryotes (Raven 1997). Mixotrophy, for example, has been observed in numerous haptophytes (Jones et al. 1994) and was also suspected for E. huxleyi (Houdan et al. 2005). F ...
Strategies utilized by trophically diverse fungal
... different states within a very short distance, including meristematic and elongating cells, and cells undergoing various kinds of differentiation (Scheres et al. 2002). Root tips are also a zone of active ROS production (Liszkay et al. 2004). Therefore, the precise determination of the physiological ...
... different states within a very short distance, including meristematic and elongating cells, and cells undergoing various kinds of differentiation (Scheres et al. 2002). Root tips are also a zone of active ROS production (Liszkay et al. 2004). Therefore, the precise determination of the physiological ...
Study Guide for Chapter 1 Test
... suspension, acid, base, monomer, polymer, carbohydrate, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, lipid, nucleic acid, nucleotide, RNA, DNA, protein, amino acid, chemical reaction, reactant, product, activation energy, catalyst, enzyme, substrate ...
... suspension, acid, base, monomer, polymer, carbohydrate, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, lipid, nucleic acid, nucleotide, RNA, DNA, protein, amino acid, chemical reaction, reactant, product, activation energy, catalyst, enzyme, substrate ...
PDF
... The Chlorophyceae are the largest group of green algae and exhibit great morphological diversity ranging from motile unicells to large filaments to blade-like thalli. The extracellular coverings of the Chlorophycean algae are also very diverse and consist of a distinct assortment of “cell walls.” In ...
... The Chlorophyceae are the largest group of green algae and exhibit great morphological diversity ranging from motile unicells to large filaments to blade-like thalli. The extracellular coverings of the Chlorophycean algae are also very diverse and consist of a distinct assortment of “cell walls.” In ...
The Role of Chromosome Domains in Shaping the
... lator protein CTCF (Splinter et al., 2006), the cohesin complex (Hadjur et al., 2009), and the general co-activating Mediator complex (Kagey et al., 2010). Mediator is predominantly found at loops between promoters and enhancers and between promoters, in agreement with its general activation role (C ...
... lator protein CTCF (Splinter et al., 2006), the cohesin complex (Hadjur et al., 2009), and the general co-activating Mediator complex (Kagey et al., 2010). Mediator is predominantly found at loops between promoters and enhancers and between promoters, in agreement with its general activation role (C ...
Model Questions 1
... d- Branched 32- Which of the following terms does not describe muscle tissue? a- covering b- producing heat c- maintaining posture ...
... d- Branched 32- Which of the following terms does not describe muscle tissue? a- covering b- producing heat c- maintaining posture ...
Forage digestibility: the intersection of cell wall lignification and plant
... lignification do not begin until cells complete growth and elongation. Secondary cell walls are rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, and contain little pectin or protein (Moore and Hatfield, 1994). Once secondary wall thickening begins, the original primary wall is the first region to lignify, with ...
... lignification do not begin until cells complete growth and elongation. Secondary cell walls are rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, and contain little pectin or protein (Moore and Hatfield, 1994). Once secondary wall thickening begins, the original primary wall is the first region to lignify, with ...
Endocytosis of Viruses and Bacteria
... viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, and it lacks a nucleus. Some have an additional outer membrane, and some have appendage ...
... viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, and it lacks a nucleus. Some have an additional outer membrane, and some have appendage ...
Secreted Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Polypeptides Are Derived from
... to a protease-resistant form (Fig. 2 A, lanes 4-6), and that after a 40-min pulse, >80 % of the antigen has become protease resistant (Fig. 2 A, lanes 7-9). A small amount of the protease-sensitive transmembrane form (labeled F ) is seen after a 40-min labeling period (Fig. 2 A, lane 8); this is gen ...
... to a protease-resistant form (Fig. 2 A, lanes 4-6), and that after a 40-min pulse, >80 % of the antigen has become protease resistant (Fig. 2 A, lanes 7-9). A small amount of the protease-sensitive transmembrane form (labeled F ) is seen after a 40-min labeling period (Fig. 2 A, lane 8); this is gen ...
- Wiley Online Library
... for TSST- 1 and enterotoxins [ 10,11,2 11. It remained possible that our S. epidermidis isolates produced an unrelated superantigenic exotoxin. so we tested supernatants of mature cultures for mitogenic activity on susceptible human and rabbit cells. No mitogenic activity was observed at any concent ...
... for TSST- 1 and enterotoxins [ 10,11,2 11. It remained possible that our S. epidermidis isolates produced an unrelated superantigenic exotoxin. so we tested supernatants of mature cultures for mitogenic activity on susceptible human and rabbit cells. No mitogenic activity was observed at any concent ...
06_Lecture_Presentation
... Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells ...
... Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells ...
Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Inh2
... holoenzymes in order to respond to changes in cell signaling. Inh2 is a 23 kDa phosphoprotein, small enough to passively diffuse through nuclear pores, yet it contains both a putative nuclear localization signal (137KKRQFEMKRK147) and a sequence resembling a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (155LN ...
... holoenzymes in order to respond to changes in cell signaling. Inh2 is a 23 kDa phosphoprotein, small enough to passively diffuse through nuclear pores, yet it contains both a putative nuclear localization signal (137KKRQFEMKRK147) and a sequence resembling a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (155LN ...
Cell Death Suppressor, Arabidopsis BI
... cells were treated with H2O2 or CPA, and their viability were measured. It is known that H2O2 and CPA induces rapid [Ca2+]cyt elevation and cell death (Berridge 1993; Akaishi et al., 2004). Although CPA- or H2O2- treatment caused massive cell death in the control BY-2 cell line (VC), AtBI-1 overexpr ...
... cells were treated with H2O2 or CPA, and their viability were measured. It is known that H2O2 and CPA induces rapid [Ca2+]cyt elevation and cell death (Berridge 1993; Akaishi et al., 2004). Although CPA- or H2O2- treatment caused massive cell death in the control BY-2 cell line (VC), AtBI-1 overexpr ...
Ameba Coloring
... don't fit into the other kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animallike. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unus ...
... don't fit into the other kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animallike. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unus ...
Gumbo JR and Cloete TE
... the event of nutrient limitations (Villain et al., 2006). It was very difficult to break these clumps except through ultrasonication. Some Bacillus species were reported to revert to spore formation, only germinating and becoming active once the external environment was conducive for growth (Villain ...
... the event of nutrient limitations (Villain et al., 2006). It was very difficult to break these clumps except through ultrasonication. Some Bacillus species were reported to revert to spore formation, only germinating and becoming active once the external environment was conducive for growth (Villain ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.