Stimulation of naive T cell adhesion and immunological synapse
... T cells.14 Therefore, one of the receptor systems that could be involved in the initial interaction of the T cell with DCs are the chemokine receptors and their ligands. One of the most notable characteristics of DCs is their antigen-independent interaction with naı̈ve T cells.5,15,16 Trautmann and ...
... T cells.14 Therefore, one of the receptor systems that could be involved in the initial interaction of the T cell with DCs are the chemokine receptors and their ligands. One of the most notable characteristics of DCs is their antigen-independent interaction with naı̈ve T cells.5,15,16 Trautmann and ...
Activation of DNA Damage Response Pathways during Lytic
... latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In order to propagate, the virus must switch to the lytic phase, during which the majority of viral genes are expressed, viral DNA is amplified and infectious virus is released following lysis of the host cell. The viral replication and transcription activa ...
... latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In order to propagate, the virus must switch to the lytic phase, during which the majority of viral genes are expressed, viral DNA is amplified and infectious virus is released following lysis of the host cell. The viral replication and transcription activa ...
In Vivo Analysis of Riboswitch Activity Using Luciferase Assays
... valuable resources that could be utilized in other pathways. Riboswitches are found widespread among distinct evolutionarily distinct microorganisms, which indicate an early evolutionary history. This control of gene expression is not as advanced as some methods seen in higher organisms today, but ...
... valuable resources that could be utilized in other pathways. Riboswitches are found widespread among distinct evolutionarily distinct microorganisms, which indicate an early evolutionary history. This control of gene expression is not as advanced as some methods seen in higher organisms today, but ...
Cell Wall Loosening by Expansins
... When cDNAs for the two cucumber hypocotyls expansins were cloned and sequenced, we found that they encoded very similar and novel proteins (Shcherban et al., 1995). For each cucumber expansin, the primary translation product is predicted to be approximately 27 kD and includes a signal peptide of 22 ...
... When cDNAs for the two cucumber hypocotyls expansins were cloned and sequenced, we found that they encoded very similar and novel proteins (Shcherban et al., 1995). For each cucumber expansin, the primary translation product is predicted to be approximately 27 kD and includes a signal peptide of 22 ...
Summary - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... There are different cell types that harbor latent HIV-1 provirus but the majority of the reservoir consists of long-lived resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. How this reservoir is established is not yet fully understood and there are currently two ideas. The first possibility is direct infection of resting ...
... There are different cell types that harbor latent HIV-1 provirus but the majority of the reservoir consists of long-lived resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. How this reservoir is established is not yet fully understood and there are currently two ideas. The first possibility is direct infection of resting ...
Functional coupling of FcRI to nicotinamide adenine
... phospholipase D (PLD) and sphingosine kinase.6 This pathway is necessary for efficient intracellular trafficking of Fc␥RI-internalized immune complexes to lysosomes for degradation and release of calcium from intracellular stores.6,7 Phosphatidylcholine-specific PLD (PC-PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis ...
... phospholipase D (PLD) and sphingosine kinase.6 This pathway is necessary for efficient intracellular trafficking of Fc␥RI-internalized immune complexes to lysosomes for degradation and release of calcium from intracellular stores.6,7 Phosphatidylcholine-specific PLD (PC-PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis ...
paramecium tetra urelia
... at cell division. Nevertheless, ciliates would be expected to have evolved a mechanism to compensate for variation in macronuclear D N A content so that a constant mean D N A content with a constant variance would be maintained over many cell generations. If a regulatory mechanism were absent, the v ...
... at cell division. Nevertheless, ciliates would be expected to have evolved a mechanism to compensate for variation in macronuclear D N A content so that a constant mean D N A content with a constant variance would be maintained over many cell generations. If a regulatory mechanism were absent, the v ...
Two-photon laser scanning microscopy imaging of intact spinal cord and
... CXCR6 independent manner. Unexpectedly, our studies also addressed the molecular basis of T cell infiltration into cortical injury sites in the context of EAE. 1.3. An inflammation model for initiating cortical MS lesions MS is also characterized by cortical lesions with inflammation which may contribu ...
... CXCR6 independent manner. Unexpectedly, our studies also addressed the molecular basis of T cell infiltration into cortical injury sites in the context of EAE. 1.3. An inflammation model for initiating cortical MS lesions MS is also characterized by cortical lesions with inflammation which may contribu ...
- University of East Anglia
... which express the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC4 (Serralbo and Marcelle, 2014). Overexpression of Wnt3a in half of the neural tube leads to an increase in the number of dorsal/dermomyotomal cells and a marked enlargement of the myotome (Galli et al., 2004). Consistent with this finding, retrovir ...
... which express the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC4 (Serralbo and Marcelle, 2014). Overexpression of Wnt3a in half of the neural tube leads to an increase in the number of dorsal/dermomyotomal cells and a marked enlargement of the myotome (Galli et al., 2004). Consistent with this finding, retrovir ...
Botanical Gazette
... Sporophyll idioblasts appear to be related to interactions with insect predators and/or cosymbionts and may form part of a complex pollination syndrome. The lack of idioblasts in stem tissue and low concentration in leaflet tissue of Zamiafutfiuracea compared with sporophyll tissue is significant su ...
... Sporophyll idioblasts appear to be related to interactions with insect predators and/or cosymbionts and may form part of a complex pollination syndrome. The lack of idioblasts in stem tissue and low concentration in leaflet tissue of Zamiafutfiuracea compared with sporophyll tissue is significant su ...
Cells in Vitro - Cancer Research
... The severe toxicity of canavanine on tumor cell growth was particularly interesting, since canava nine is a naturally occurring amino acid. For the purposes of discussion, however, comparisons will be made with microbiological systems, since the authors have been unable to find any studies con cerni ...
... The severe toxicity of canavanine on tumor cell growth was particularly interesting, since canava nine is a naturally occurring amino acid. For the purposes of discussion, however, comparisons will be made with microbiological systems, since the authors have been unable to find any studies con cerni ...
Melanocytes and melanogenesis - Our Dermatology Online journal
... The survival and migration of neural crest-derived cells [13-19] ...
... The survival and migration of neural crest-derived cells [13-19] ...
The Muir-Torre syndrome - UCSF Pathology
... (σύνδρομος) and means literally ʺrun togetherʺ, as the features do. It is most often used to refer to the set of detectable characteristics when the reason that they occur together (the pathophysiology of the syndrome) has not yet been discovered. A familiar syndrome name often continues to be ...
... (σύνδρομος) and means literally ʺrun togetherʺ, as the features do. It is most often used to refer to the set of detectable characteristics when the reason that they occur together (the pathophysiology of the syndrome) has not yet been discovered. A familiar syndrome name often continues to be ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... cells are well known (174) even though the conditions which bring about these MT distributions are obscure; some perhaps, could involve self-organizing processes dependent upon reaction-diffusion mechanisms (208a). Less well known, however, are the small rings of MTs (2–3 µm diameter) which develop ...
... cells are well known (174) even though the conditions which bring about these MT distributions are obscure; some perhaps, could involve self-organizing processes dependent upon reaction-diffusion mechanisms (208a). Less well known, however, are the small rings of MTs (2–3 µm diameter) which develop ...
Regulation of Tcell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and
... the cell membranes together (1). This mechanism is appealing, as it nicely aligns with general synapse architecture and with the exclusion of CD45 phosphatase from microclusters and the signaling regions of the interface (14, 15). Recent work from James and Vale supports an actin-independent kinetic ...
... the cell membranes together (1). This mechanism is appealing, as it nicely aligns with general synapse architecture and with the exclusion of CD45 phosphatase from microclusters and the signaling regions of the interface (14, 15). Recent work from James and Vale supports an actin-independent kinetic ...
The Arabidopsis sku6-spiral1 gene encodes a plus end
... The spr1-6 mutant (ecotype Col) was isolated as a recessive nuclear mutation in a T-DNA activation-tagging screen for root waving mutants. On 1.5% agar-solidified germination medium (GM) that was tilted 408 from the vertical, growth of spr1-6 roots skewed in a rightward direction as viewed from abov ...
... The spr1-6 mutant (ecotype Col) was isolated as a recessive nuclear mutation in a T-DNA activation-tagging screen for root waving mutants. On 1.5% agar-solidified germination medium (GM) that was tilted 408 from the vertical, growth of spr1-6 roots skewed in a rightward direction as viewed from abov ...
Recombinant Anti-CD4 antibody 13B8 - HAL
... membrane rafts and excluding others. Cholesterol/sphingolipids confer organization of membrane rafts through self-assembly but could also be incorporated in the quaternary structure of raft-located protein complexes (“lubrication” concept) [2], thus favoring their inclusion into and the assembly of ...
... membrane rafts and excluding others. Cholesterol/sphingolipids confer organization of membrane rafts through self-assembly but could also be incorporated in the quaternary structure of raft-located protein complexes (“lubrication” concept) [2], thus favoring their inclusion into and the assembly of ...
Studying Cell–Surface Interactions In Vitro: A Survey of
... provided various different synthetic materials that should be tested and screened for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These ...
... provided various different synthetic materials that should be tested and screened for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These ...
development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
... A morphological analysis of fully expanded first leaves revealed that cell number, not cell size, contributes to the reduced leaf size of plants grown in low R/FR relative to high R/FR (Supplementary Fig. S1; Supplementary Table S1). Therefore, the effect of a brief low R/FR treatment on cell prolif ...
... A morphological analysis of fully expanded first leaves revealed that cell number, not cell size, contributes to the reduced leaf size of plants grown in low R/FR relative to high R/FR (Supplementary Fig. S1; Supplementary Table S1). Therefore, the effect of a brief low R/FR treatment on cell prolif ...
Development of the musculoskeletal system: meeting
... presented data showing that the transcription factor Tcf4 (Tcf7L2) is strongly expressed in these fibroblasts. Using newly generated Tcf4GFPCre and tamoxifen-inducible Tcf4CreERT2 Cre driver lines in mouse, she showed that during development connective tissue regulates muscle fiber type and maturati ...
... presented data showing that the transcription factor Tcf4 (Tcf7L2) is strongly expressed in these fibroblasts. Using newly generated Tcf4GFPCre and tamoxifen-inducible Tcf4CreERT2 Cre driver lines in mouse, she showed that during development connective tissue regulates muscle fiber type and maturati ...
The co-chaperone BAG3 regulates Herpes Simplex Virus replication
... missive cell lines. Unlike ICP4 and ICP27, expression of ICP0 was not affected by depletion of BAG3. However, infection with ICP0 null virus resulted in distinct BAG3-dependent differences in the expression profile of ␣ gene products. In MeWo cells, ␣ proteins were detected at late times after infec ...
... missive cell lines. Unlike ICP4 and ICP27, expression of ICP0 was not affected by depletion of BAG3. However, infection with ICP0 null virus resulted in distinct BAG3-dependent differences in the expression profile of ␣ gene products. In MeWo cells, ␣ proteins were detected at late times after infec ...
Progress Report on Reduced-Lignin Alfalfa: Part I, Plant Modifications
... Researchers have been studying cell walls for many years in an attempt to find ways for cows to more completely digest this fiber. (The same concept applies to other industries, such as wood pulp or cellulosic ethanol production.) Alfalfa hay cell walls consist of: pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose a ...
... Researchers have been studying cell walls for many years in an attempt to find ways for cows to more completely digest this fiber. (The same concept applies to other industries, such as wood pulp or cellulosic ethanol production.) Alfalfa hay cell walls consist of: pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose a ...
PDF data （121 pages / 16.7MB）
... an institution of its own. The school prides itself on offering not only productive educational content but also an opportunity for the young researchers to form a global network. We are committed to continuing contributions to scientific advances through immunology research and education and the ev ...
... an institution of its own. The school prides itself on offering not only productive educational content but also an opportunity for the young researchers to form a global network. We are committed to continuing contributions to scientific advances through immunology research and education and the ev ...
Orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal bHLH
... the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the structural innovations that allow this regulated exchange (Edwards et al. ...
... the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the structural innovations that allow this regulated exchange (Edwards et al. ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.