Guanine Nucleotide Pool Imbalance Impairs Multiple Steps of
... Hinnebusch 1993). By contrast, small defects in TC formation or its recruitment to the 40S ribosome that do not appreciably affect global protein synthesis specifically promotes the translation of the mRNA encoding transcription factor Gcn4 (Dever et al. 1995). Gcn4 activates the expression of many ...
... Hinnebusch 1993). By contrast, small defects in TC formation or its recruitment to the 40S ribosome that do not appreciably affect global protein synthesis specifically promotes the translation of the mRNA encoding transcription factor Gcn4 (Dever et al. 1995). Gcn4 activates the expression of many ...
Cell shape changes during gastrulation in
... is possible to alter cell fates genetically and thereby analyse the role of the different populations in gastrulation. Fates along the dorsoventral axis of the embryo, including the ventral region that will form the mesoderm, are determined by the dorsal group of maternal effect genes (reviewed in A ...
... is possible to alter cell fates genetically and thereby analyse the role of the different populations in gastrulation. Fates along the dorsoventral axis of the embryo, including the ventral region that will form the mesoderm, are determined by the dorsal group of maternal effect genes (reviewed in A ...
1 Properties of Matter
... and the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. 4.5 Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to suppor ...
... and the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. 4.5 Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to suppor ...
Cells 1.2
... Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentic ...
... Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentic ...
Full PDF
... found in the major parenchymal organs such as liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. HYAL1 is also present in human serum (Csoka et al. 2001) and urine (Csoka et al. 1997). The enzyme intracellularly degrades HA, is active at an acidic pH, and is the major hyaluronidase in plasma (Csoka et al. 2001). Mut ...
... found in the major parenchymal organs such as liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. HYAL1 is also present in human serum (Csoka et al. 2001) and urine (Csoka et al. 1997). The enzyme intracellularly degrades HA, is active at an acidic pH, and is the major hyaluronidase in plasma (Csoka et al. 2001). Mut ...
How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?1
... The accurate mapping of cell wall diversity is important because it underpins much of our thinking about cell wall evolution and informs our interpretation of emerging genetic data. Although CoMPP is a useful new high-throughput method for cell wall analysis, it is limited by the availability of pro ...
... The accurate mapping of cell wall diversity is important because it underpins much of our thinking about cell wall evolution and informs our interpretation of emerging genetic data. Although CoMPP is a useful new high-throughput method for cell wall analysis, it is limited by the availability of pro ...
lecture 8 ppt
... Leaves - Comparisons Monocots and dicots differ in the arrangement of veins, the vascular tissue of leaves ...
... Leaves - Comparisons Monocots and dicots differ in the arrangement of veins, the vascular tissue of leaves ...
Ezrin NH2-Terminal Domain Inhibits the Cell
... the cooperative action of ERM proteins in microvilli formation. Moreover, cells lacking ezrin were affected in cell adhesion properties, a result that correlated with the observation that ERM molecules interacted with the hyaluronan receptor CIM4 (Tsukita et al., 1994). Expression of a protein in in ...
... the cooperative action of ERM proteins in microvilli formation. Moreover, cells lacking ezrin were affected in cell adhesion properties, a result that correlated with the observation that ERM molecules interacted with the hyaluronan receptor CIM4 (Tsukita et al., 1994). Expression of a protein in in ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-4.1 Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides, and base pairs. B-4.2 Summarize the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes. B-4.3 Explain how DNA functions as the code of life and the blueprint for proteins B-4.4 Summarize the basic processes involved in protein synthesis (incl ...
... B-4.1 Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides, and base pairs. B-4.2 Summarize the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes. B-4.3 Explain how DNA functions as the code of life and the blueprint for proteins B-4.4 Summarize the basic processes involved in protein synthesis (incl ...
Evidence that Shh cooperates with a retinoic acid inducible co
... To test for polarizing activity and to investigate the regulation of Shh expression in the limb tissue, grafts were made under a flap of apical ridge, lifted along the anterior margin of wing buds at stages 20-21. The embryos were then reincubated at 38°C for a further 4-30 hours. After incubation t ...
... To test for polarizing activity and to investigate the regulation of Shh expression in the limb tissue, grafts were made under a flap of apical ridge, lifted along the anterior margin of wing buds at stages 20-21. The embryos were then reincubated at 38°C for a further 4-30 hours. After incubation t ...
Drosophila follicle cells are patterned by multiple
... How are these two signals distinguished, and what is the temporal relationship between them? We used the universal Notch transcriptional reporter Gbe+Su(H)m8-lacZ (Furriols and Bray, 2001) to follow the activation profile of Notch signaling throughout oogenesis (Fig. 3). During stages 2-3 of oogenes ...
... How are these two signals distinguished, and what is the temporal relationship between them? We used the universal Notch transcriptional reporter Gbe+Su(H)m8-lacZ (Furriols and Bray, 2001) to follow the activation profile of Notch signaling throughout oogenesis (Fig. 3). During stages 2-3 of oogenes ...
Should reflectance confocal microscopy be the gold standard for
... subtypes of BCC based on the histological growth pattern: superficial, nodular, micronodular and morpheaform [5] . It is a slow growing tumor with a very low metastatic capability. Owing to its frequency (e.g., 1383 cases per 100,000 people in Australia in 2008) and relatively low mortality, BCC rem ...
... subtypes of BCC based on the histological growth pattern: superficial, nodular, micronodular and morpheaform [5] . It is a slow growing tumor with a very low metastatic capability. Owing to its frequency (e.g., 1383 cases per 100,000 people in Australia in 2008) and relatively low mortality, BCC rem ...
Chlamydomonas IFT 88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic
... selectable marker. In Chlamydomonas, transforming DNA is integrated randomly throughout the genome and disrupts genes at the site of integration. DNA was isolated from ⵑ400 insertional mutants having behavioral or motility defects and was screened by Southern blotting using a fragment of IFT88 genom ...
... selectable marker. In Chlamydomonas, transforming DNA is integrated randomly throughout the genome and disrupts genes at the site of integration. DNA was isolated from ⵑ400 insertional mutants having behavioral or motility defects and was screened by Southern blotting using a fragment of IFT88 genom ...
Insights into Chromatin Structure and Dynamics in Plants
... DNA methylation at 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) is one of the best studied epigenetic marks implicated in regulation of gene expression. The function of DNA methylation includes roles in development and in genome defense against transposons. DNA methylation is confined to relatively specific regions of t ...
... DNA methylation at 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) is one of the best studied epigenetic marks implicated in regulation of gene expression. The function of DNA methylation includes roles in development and in genome defense against transposons. DNA methylation is confined to relatively specific regions of t ...
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
... In response to NaCl, plants express numerous genes to adapt to high salinity stress. Identification and characterization of these genes has made valuable contributions to the understanding of the processes that occur during NaCl stress [4,5]. In addition, molecular genetic approaches using the model ...
... In response to NaCl, plants express numerous genes to adapt to high salinity stress. Identification and characterization of these genes has made valuable contributions to the understanding of the processes that occur during NaCl stress [4,5]. In addition, molecular genetic approaches using the model ...
Progressive divergence of definitive haematopoietic stem cells from
... expressed KIT. However, in contrast to both the endothelial and haematopoietic lineages, this fraction was greatly enriched for KIThigh cells. Unlike the haematopoietic population, all endothelial and DP cells expressed low levels of SCA1. AA4.1 and CD34, also associated with the embryonic HSCs phen ...
... expressed KIT. However, in contrast to both the endothelial and haematopoietic lineages, this fraction was greatly enriched for KIThigh cells. Unlike the haematopoietic population, all endothelial and DP cells expressed low levels of SCA1. AA4.1 and CD34, also associated with the embryonic HSCs phen ...
Tropism of human cytomegalovirus for endothelial cells is
... Marked interstrain differences in the endothelial cell (EC) tropism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) isolates have been described. This study aimed to define the step during the replicative cycle of HCMV that determines this phenotype. The infection efficiency of various HCMV strains in EC versus fib ...
... Marked interstrain differences in the endothelial cell (EC) tropism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) isolates have been described. This study aimed to define the step during the replicative cycle of HCMV that determines this phenotype. The infection efficiency of various HCMV strains in EC versus fib ...
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
... limited number of host plants. However, some rhizobia, for example, Rhizobium NGR234, have a more promiscuous nature. This Rhizobium, which can nodulate various tropical legumes, excretes 18 different Nod factors (Price et al., 1992). The production of this variety of factors is thought to be the ba ...
... limited number of host plants. However, some rhizobia, for example, Rhizobium NGR234, have a more promiscuous nature. This Rhizobium, which can nodulate various tropical legumes, excretes 18 different Nod factors (Price et al., 1992). The production of this variety of factors is thought to be the ba ...
Retinoic Acid and the Development of the Endoderm
... acid response, has been demonstrated [61]. Movement across a membrane appears to be facilitated in some cell contexts by Stra6, a membrane bound protein that can interact with retinol binding protein, which binds retinol in the serum. The loss of Stra6 in the mouse has only a modest effect on the le ...
... acid response, has been demonstrated [61]. Movement across a membrane appears to be facilitated in some cell contexts by Stra6, a membrane bound protein that can interact with retinol binding protein, which binds retinol in the serum. The loss of Stra6 in the mouse has only a modest effect on the le ...
Extracellular Trapping of Soil Contaminants by Root Border Cells
... control, and, as such, presents an ongoing global threat to sustainable agriculture and human health. Efforts to remove contaminants by plant-mediated pathways, or “phytoremediation”, though widely studied, have failed to yield consistent, predictable removal of biological and chemical contaminants. ...
... control, and, as such, presents an ongoing global threat to sustainable agriculture and human health. Efforts to remove contaminants by plant-mediated pathways, or “phytoremediation”, though widely studied, have failed to yield consistent, predictable removal of biological and chemical contaminants. ...
A Novel Plant Kinesin-Related Protein Specifically
... and vesicle transport in the phragmoplast. MT-based kinesin motors are important players in both processes. To understand the mechanisms underlying plant cytokinesis, we have identified AtPAKRP2 (for Arabidopsis thaliana phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein 2). AtPAKRP2 is an ungrouped N- ...
... and vesicle transport in the phragmoplast. MT-based kinesin motors are important players in both processes. To understand the mechanisms underlying plant cytokinesis, we have identified AtPAKRP2 (for Arabidopsis thaliana phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein 2). AtPAKRP2 is an ungrouped N- ...
Coombes JL, Han SJ, van Rooijen N, Raulet DH, Robey EA. 2012. Infection-induced regulation of natural killer cells by macrophages and collagen at the lymph node subcapsular sinus. Cell rep 2(1):124-135.
... node tissue sections confirmed that these structures contained type I collagen (Figure 3B). Interactions between NK cells and collagen took place at the lymph node capsule and along fiberlike structures extending away from the capsule (data not shown). Collagen interactions occurred with individual ...
... node tissue sections confirmed that these structures contained type I collagen (Figure 3B). Interactions between NK cells and collagen took place at the lymph node capsule and along fiberlike structures extending away from the capsule (data not shown). Collagen interactions occurred with individual ...
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells
... RT-PCR to examine the expression of four α-isoforms (α1-α4) and four βisoforms (β1-β4) of Na+/K+-ATPase. Primers used were designed to amplify an approximately 300 bp DNA fragment of each isoform cDNA (for the primer sequences, see supplementary material Table S1). The amplified fragment was subclon ...
... RT-PCR to examine the expression of four α-isoforms (α1-α4) and four βisoforms (β1-β4) of Na+/K+-ATPase. Primers used were designed to amplify an approximately 300 bp DNA fragment of each isoform cDNA (for the primer sequences, see supplementary material Table S1). The amplified fragment was subclon ...
Motion of red blood cells in a capillary with an - AJP
... glycocalyx, consisting of bound and adsorbed macromolecules. Electron-microscopic studies have typically revealed a layer several tens of nanometers thick. In vivo investigations of blood flow in capillaries have shown the presence of a much thicker layer, estimated to be ⬃0.4–1 m thick, known as t ...
... glycocalyx, consisting of bound and adsorbed macromolecules. Electron-microscopic studies have typically revealed a layer several tens of nanometers thick. In vivo investigations of blood flow in capillaries have shown the presence of a much thicker layer, estimated to be ⬃0.4–1 m thick, known as t ...
Rat maf related genes: specific expression in chondrocytes
... tion domain is truncated. MafK forms a heterodimer with NF-E2 p45, a transcription factor that regulates the globin gene (Andrews et al., 1993; Igarashi et al., 1994). Recently it was found that MafB interacts with Ets-1, a transcription factor containing a helix ± turn ± helix DNA binding domain, i ...
... tion domain is truncated. MafK forms a heterodimer with NF-E2 p45, a transcription factor that regulates the globin gene (Andrews et al., 1993; Igarashi et al., 1994). Recently it was found that MafB interacts with Ets-1, a transcription factor containing a helix ± turn ± helix DNA binding domain, i ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.