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... intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. On further analysis, the concentration ...
... intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. On further analysis, the concentration ...
Motile Apparatus in Vallisneria Leaf Cells. II. Effects of Cytochalasin
... streaming of the cytoplasm is induced by such external stimuli as irradiation with light or the application of various chemicals. This type of streaming is called "secondary streaming" (4, 6), and that seen in Characean cells is called "primary streaming", as it is steady and ceaseless under natural ...
... streaming of the cytoplasm is induced by such external stimuli as irradiation with light or the application of various chemicals. This type of streaming is called "secondary streaming" (4, 6), and that seen in Characean cells is called "primary streaming", as it is steady and ceaseless under natural ...
Cell cycle: Checkpoint proteins and kinetochores
... plate, or of cells that have been treated with nocodazole to depolymerize the mitotic spindle (Figure 1a,c). To investigate further the relationship between chromosome attachment to the spindle and XMAD2 staining, Chen et al. [6] took advantage of cells that had attached all but one or two chromosom ...
... plate, or of cells that have been treated with nocodazole to depolymerize the mitotic spindle (Figure 1a,c). To investigate further the relationship between chromosome attachment to the spindle and XMAD2 staining, Chen et al. [6] took advantage of cells that had attached all but one or two chromosom ...
Bellairs pm6.5 - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... substratum cells migrated forming a halo. This useful fact had long been known to investigators studying cells in tissue culture, but Abercrombie’s genius lay in his exploitation of the technique. The cells that migrate out are known as fibroblasts, but typically, in his 1976 paper with Dunn and Hea ...
... substratum cells migrated forming a halo. This useful fact had long been known to investigators studying cells in tissue culture, but Abercrombie’s genius lay in his exploitation of the technique. The cells that migrate out are known as fibroblasts, but typically, in his 1976 paper with Dunn and Hea ...
Introduction
... The tight junctions regulate the passage of ions between the cells. They do not always form an absolute diffusion barrier, but are semipermeable and allow selective passage of certain solutes, but not others (Balda and Matter, 1998). Exchange of larger molecules from one domain to the other is perfo ...
... The tight junctions regulate the passage of ions between the cells. They do not always form an absolute diffusion barrier, but are semipermeable and allow selective passage of certain solutes, but not others (Balda and Matter, 1998). Exchange of larger molecules from one domain to the other is perfo ...
Possible new intranuclear symbionts of Paramecium caudatum
... natural populations, in North America and Eastern Europe, were shown to have many common features. Symbionts from both locations are rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria with similar size; they occupy the Ma and often form dense aggregations; inside the aggregation chromatin bodies are less dense and n ...
... natural populations, in North America and Eastern Europe, were shown to have many common features. Symbionts from both locations are rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria with similar size; they occupy the Ma and often form dense aggregations; inside the aggregation chromatin bodies are less dense and n ...
Non-specific chemical inhibition of the Fanconi anemia pathway
... crosslink (ICL)-inducing agents. ICLs bind both strands of the DNA helix, inhibit DNA replication and RNA transcription, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [1]. Platinum compounds are widely used for the treatment of multiple cancers, including ovarian, testicular, lung and some pediatric tu ...
... crosslink (ICL)-inducing agents. ICLs bind both strands of the DNA helix, inhibit DNA replication and RNA transcription, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [1]. Platinum compounds are widely used for the treatment of multiple cancers, including ovarian, testicular, lung and some pediatric tu ...
Here - New Mexico State University
... Brown University, Providence RI The process of germ line determination uses many conserved genes yet is highly variable in mechanism. Often closely related animals utilize one or another of the two basic mechanisms: Flies, worms, fish, and frogs use mechanisms based on inheritance of maternal determ ...
... Brown University, Providence RI The process of germ line determination uses many conserved genes yet is highly variable in mechanism. Often closely related animals utilize one or another of the two basic mechanisms: Flies, worms, fish, and frogs use mechanisms based on inheritance of maternal determ ...
Syrosingopine sensitizes cancer cells to killing by metformin
... liver and muscle, results in reduced blood glucose levels and restoration of insulin responsiveness at the whole-body level. Metformin is a well-tolerated drug that can be taken for years with few adverse effects, such as rare cases of lactic acidosis. There is increasing evidence that metformin, in ...
... liver and muscle, results in reduced blood glucose levels and restoration of insulin responsiveness at the whole-body level. Metformin is a well-tolerated drug that can be taken for years with few adverse effects, such as rare cases of lactic acidosis. There is increasing evidence that metformin, in ...
Foundations - Cells, organelles and cell boundaries
... The 2 major classes of cells are defined by the presence or absence of a nucleus; Eukaryotic (with nucleus) and Prokaryotic (without nucleus). Eukaryotes can be further divided into unicellular (only one cell, like prokaryotes) and multicellular (like us) organisms. ...
... The 2 major classes of cells are defined by the presence or absence of a nucleus; Eukaryotic (with nucleus) and Prokaryotic (without nucleus). Eukaryotes can be further divided into unicellular (only one cell, like prokaryotes) and multicellular (like us) organisms. ...
Minimal Time Requirement for Lasting Elicitor Effects in
... crease in the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH was ob served in response to the elicitor treatm ent, which was accompanied by a shift in the relative proportion of inorganic phosphate in the cytoplasm and in the vacuole. Plant cells usually accumulate phosphate in their vacuoles from where it is availab ...
... crease in the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH was ob served in response to the elicitor treatm ent, which was accompanied by a shift in the relative proportion of inorganic phosphate in the cytoplasm and in the vacuole. Plant cells usually accumulate phosphate in their vacuoles from where it is availab ...
-Independent Manner Nucleus in a Cytokine
... Stat activation (13). In contrast, the involvement of proteasomedependent or ubiquitin-associated degradation of Stats in the nucleus as a shut-off mechanism has also been proposed (14, 15). Stat proteins have a mass over the generally considered largest size for diffusion through the nuclear pore ( ...
... Stat activation (13). In contrast, the involvement of proteasomedependent or ubiquitin-associated degradation of Stats in the nucleus as a shut-off mechanism has also been proposed (14, 15). Stat proteins have a mass over the generally considered largest size for diffusion through the nuclear pore ( ...
protists2
... Protists • Last part of Chapter 20. • Protists are single celled eukaryotes. A few forms are multi-cellular. • Protists often have a very complicated internal structure: a single cell must do all the functions that we have many different cell types to do. • Protists can be divided into plant-like, f ...
... Protists • Last part of Chapter 20. • Protists are single celled eukaryotes. A few forms are multi-cellular. • Protists often have a very complicated internal structure: a single cell must do all the functions that we have many different cell types to do. • Protists can be divided into plant-like, f ...
Behavioural properties of chick somitic mesoderm
... (d) Using time-lapse cinematography, it appeared that the ceJls from the unsegmented mesoderm migrated at a more leisurely pace than those from the segmented. These results have been supplemented by the presented studies. Our additional findings are based on the following approaches: 1. Unsegmented ...
... (d) Using time-lapse cinematography, it appeared that the ceJls from the unsegmented mesoderm migrated at a more leisurely pace than those from the segmented. These results have been supplemented by the presented studies. Our additional findings are based on the following approaches: 1. Unsegmented ...
Role of Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase in the
... methotrexate and tetrahydrofolate, respectively) methotrexate typically incorporated approximately 1.8-fold as much gluta mate as did tetrahydrofolate (data not shown). Alterations in Cellular MIX Glutamylation and Extract FPGS Activity as a Function of Growth State and Culture Condition. A comparis ...
... methotrexate and tetrahydrofolate, respectively) methotrexate typically incorporated approximately 1.8-fold as much gluta mate as did tetrahydrofolate (data not shown). Alterations in Cellular MIX Glutamylation and Extract FPGS Activity as a Function of Growth State and Culture Condition. A comparis ...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Targeting of Tetrahymena HP1 to
... known best for roles in heterochromatin-mediated repression, some HP1 homologs have roles in DNA repair, replication, RNA splicing, telomere maintenance, and transcriptional activation and elongation (reviewed in reference 7). In some cases, a single HP1 protein may have multiple nuclear functions. ...
... known best for roles in heterochromatin-mediated repression, some HP1 homologs have roles in DNA repair, replication, RNA splicing, telomere maintenance, and transcriptional activation and elongation (reviewed in reference 7). In some cases, a single HP1 protein may have multiple nuclear functions. ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
FROM THE BEAUTIFUL TO THE BIZARRE
... Cannibalism: A Perfectly Natural History, and Dark Banquet: Blood and the Curious Lives of Blood-Feeding Creatures, Schutt teaches anatomy and zoology at Long Island University– Post and is a research associate in residence at the American Museum of Natural History. Schutt completed a PhD in zoology ...
... Cannibalism: A Perfectly Natural History, and Dark Banquet: Blood and the Curious Lives of Blood-Feeding Creatures, Schutt teaches anatomy and zoology at Long Island University– Post and is a research associate in residence at the American Museum of Natural History. Schutt completed a PhD in zoology ...
Corneal epithelial cell biocompatibility to silicone
... Purpose: Although all contact lenses (CLs) are applied initially to the eye directly from a packaging solution, little is known about the effects of these solutions on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Due to the porous nature of CL materials, they have the potential to sorb components of the ...
... Purpose: Although all contact lenses (CLs) are applied initially to the eye directly from a packaging solution, little is known about the effects of these solutions on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Due to the porous nature of CL materials, they have the potential to sorb components of the ...
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
... plants and animals were grouped together in the Domain Eukarya, which contains all organisms with eukaryotic cells (Woese and others 1990). The other two domains, Archaea and Bacteria (that is, prokaryotes), defined by their lack of a nucleus, separated from the line that was to give rise to eukaryo ...
... plants and animals were grouped together in the Domain Eukarya, which contains all organisms with eukaryotic cells (Woese and others 1990). The other two domains, Archaea and Bacteria (that is, prokaryotes), defined by their lack of a nucleus, separated from the line that was to give rise to eukaryo ...
The Relationship between Intracellular Free Iron and Cell Injury in
... Iron sensitivity of fura-2 Fura-2 is widely used as an indicator of intracellular-free calcium ([Ca 2⫹]i), but early studies established its sensitivity to other ions (Grynkiewicz et al., 1985); e.g., fura-2 is very sensitive to Zn 2⫹ and can be used to monitor small changes in [Zn 2⫹]i in neurons ( ...
... Iron sensitivity of fura-2 Fura-2 is widely used as an indicator of intracellular-free calcium ([Ca 2⫹]i), but early studies established its sensitivity to other ions (Grynkiewicz et al., 1985); e.g., fura-2 is very sensitive to Zn 2⫹ and can be used to monitor small changes in [Zn 2⫹]i in neurons ( ...
Apigenin
... PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 and HDM2/p53 pathways. Apigenin inhibited tube formation in vitro by endothelial cells. These findings reveal a novel role of apigenin in inhibiting HIF-1 and VEGF expression that is important for tumor angiogenesis and growth, identifying new signaling molecules that mediate this r ...
... PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 and HDM2/p53 pathways. Apigenin inhibited tube formation in vitro by endothelial cells. These findings reveal a novel role of apigenin in inhibiting HIF-1 and VEGF expression that is important for tumor angiogenesis and growth, identifying new signaling molecules that mediate this r ...
Induction of Kranz Anatomy and C4-like
... accumulation of these enzymes appear to be the main factors responsible for the expression of the different photosynthetic traits of the two distinct forms (Ueno, 1996b). In addition, structural changes in the photosynthetic tissues might account to some extent for the differences in photosynthetic ...
... accumulation of these enzymes appear to be the main factors responsible for the expression of the different photosynthetic traits of the two distinct forms (Ueno, 1996b). In addition, structural changes in the photosynthetic tissues might account to some extent for the differences in photosynthetic ...
Role of thioredoxin reductase in the Yap1p-dependent response to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
... expression of the endogenous TRX2 gene by Northern blots (Fig. 2A). In the absence of H2O2, the TRX2 mRNA levels were elevated in YRS94#4 and YRS94#11 mutant cells compared with wild-type cells grown in YPD (Fig. 2A, lanes 3 and 5 compared with lane 1). Upon a 30 min exposure to 0.1 mM H2O2, TRX2 ex ...
... expression of the endogenous TRX2 gene by Northern blots (Fig. 2A). In the absence of H2O2, the TRX2 mRNA levels were elevated in YRS94#4 and YRS94#11 mutant cells compared with wild-type cells grown in YPD (Fig. 2A, lanes 3 and 5 compared with lane 1). Upon a 30 min exposure to 0.1 mM H2O2, TRX2 ex ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.