Cellular and Molecular Changes in Orthodontic Tooth
... FIGURE 1: Classification of primitive cells. Stem cells are primitive cells that can be classified into three types: totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent. Each type of cell has distinguishable characteristics. The progenitor cell is also a primitive cell, although this cell is the most different ...
... FIGURE 1: Classification of primitive cells. Stem cells are primitive cells that can be classified into three types: totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent. Each type of cell has distinguishable characteristics. The progenitor cell is also a primitive cell, although this cell is the most different ...
... Kim Nasmyth, Ralf-Peter Jansen Cell divisions that produce progeny differing in their patterns of gene expression are key to the development of multicellular organisms. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mother cells but not daughter cells can switch mating type because they selectively ...
Everything you wanted to know about small RNA but were afraid to ask
... protein-coding genes, while others reside apart from known genes, or in the exons of untranslated genes.28 Control of pri-miRNA synthesis is incompletely understood, but some of the same transcription factors that regulate protein-coding genes can apparently also regulate pri-miRNAs.29 Within the pr ...
... protein-coding genes, while others reside apart from known genes, or in the exons of untranslated genes.28 Control of pri-miRNA synthesis is incompletely understood, but some of the same transcription factors that regulate protein-coding genes can apparently also regulate pri-miRNAs.29 Within the pr ...
Early Cell Cycle Entry and Cell Division Murine Neonatal
... RAG2⫺/⫺ hosts (Fig. 2, right column). Together, these results indicate that faster kinetics of proliferation is a universal phenomenon among neonatal T cell populations—it occurs both in vivo and in vitro, it occurs in several strains of mice, and it occurs whether stimulation is through the CD3/TCR ...
... RAG2⫺/⫺ hosts (Fig. 2, right column). Together, these results indicate that faster kinetics of proliferation is a universal phenomenon among neonatal T cell populations—it occurs both in vivo and in vitro, it occurs in several strains of mice, and it occurs whether stimulation is through the CD3/TCR ...
Isolation, Characterization, and Expression of cDNAs Encoding
... fragment from clone MII-8 containing the entire Man II open reading frame was excised and ligated into the EcoRI site of the pXM COS cell expression vector (58) . Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction mapping to confirm the correct orientation of the insert. COS cells (80% confluent) were ...
... fragment from clone MII-8 containing the entire Man II open reading frame was excised and ligated into the EcoRI site of the pXM COS cell expression vector (58) . Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction mapping to confirm the correct orientation of the insert. COS cells (80% confluent) were ...
Intercourse Between Cell Wall and Cytoplasm Exemplified by
... β-d-galactose bind arabinogalactan proteins with high affinity and will be referred to here as active Yariv, whereas phenylglycosides containing β-d-mannose or α-d-glucose bind with low affinity, if at all, and will be referred to here as inactive Yariv. Initially, active Yariv reagent was used to p ...
... β-d-galactose bind arabinogalactan proteins with high affinity and will be referred to here as active Yariv, whereas phenylglycosides containing β-d-mannose or α-d-glucose bind with low affinity, if at all, and will be referred to here as inactive Yariv. Initially, active Yariv reagent was used to p ...
Plant Cell Walls: Basics of Structure, Chemistry, Accessibility and the
... free sugars and oligosaccharides will continue to react under these pretreatment conditions and degrade into undesirable compounds for biological conversion. These include furans which, in addition to being a loss of sugars and the overall process yield, are also inhibitory to subsequent biological ...
... free sugars and oligosaccharides will continue to react under these pretreatment conditions and degrade into undesirable compounds for biological conversion. These include furans which, in addition to being a loss of sugars and the overall process yield, are also inhibitory to subsequent biological ...
Surface CD81 Via Microparticles Release and Intercellular Transfer
... D81, a 26-kDa surface protein, belongs to the superfamily of tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins are composed of four transmembrane and two extracellular domains. They are characterized by short intracellular amino and C termini without any predictable signaling function. Nevertheless, tetraspanins h ...
... D81, a 26-kDa surface protein, belongs to the superfamily of tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins are composed of four transmembrane and two extracellular domains. They are characterized by short intracellular amino and C termini without any predictable signaling function. Nevertheless, tetraspanins h ...
A Role for Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Mitochondrial Movement and
... these plasmids into mdm2 cells resulted in full complementation of the mdm and temperature-sensitive growth phenotypes . Subcloning revealed a 4.5-kb HindRI-XhoI fragment to be the smallest complementing fragment (Fig. 2). The isolated fragment of genomic DNA was shown to contain the authentic MDM2 ...
... these plasmids into mdm2 cells resulted in full complementation of the mdm and temperature-sensitive growth phenotypes . Subcloning revealed a 4.5-kb HindRI-XhoI fragment to be the smallest complementing fragment (Fig. 2). The isolated fragment of genomic DNA was shown to contain the authentic MDM2 ...
Genome Transplantation in Bacteria
... are only a few kilobase pairs in size, but bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) greater than 300 kb have been reported (4). Recombinant plasmids coexist with host-cell chromosomes and replicate independently. Two other natural genetic transfer mechanisms are known in bacteria. These are transduct ...
... are only a few kilobase pairs in size, but bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) greater than 300 kb have been reported (4). Recombinant plasmids coexist with host-cell chromosomes and replicate independently. Two other natural genetic transfer mechanisms are known in bacteria. These are transduct ...
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... bitscore values) Dh showed maximum similarity with P. edulis (temperate bamboo) proteins compared to other species. Transcription factors act as molecular control of gene expression, regulating spatial, and temporal expression during various kinds of environmental responses (Nakashima et al., 2009; ...
... bitscore values) Dh showed maximum similarity with P. edulis (temperate bamboo) proteins compared to other species. Transcription factors act as molecular control of gene expression, regulating spatial, and temporal expression during various kinds of environmental responses (Nakashima et al., 2009; ...
Developmental genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx
... are multinucleate as a result of cell fusions. There are five types of pharyngeal cells: neurons (20), muscles (20 cells; 37 nuclei), marginal cells (9), epithelial cells (9), and gland cells (4 cells; 5 nuclei). The muscle cells and marginal cells form a single-cell-thick tube with trifold symmetry ...
... are multinucleate as a result of cell fusions. There are five types of pharyngeal cells: neurons (20), muscles (20 cells; 37 nuclei), marginal cells (9), epithelial cells (9), and gland cells (4 cells; 5 nuclei). The muscle cells and marginal cells form a single-cell-thick tube with trifold symmetry ...
msc_botnay_pre_pap1_bl1 - Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open
... The cell is the fundamental unit of life, the building block from which all organisms are constructed. The properties of cell exhibiting the characteristics of life, define both the potential capabilities & the inherent limitations of all living organisms. The cell theory given in 1839 by German bio ...
... The cell is the fundamental unit of life, the building block from which all organisms are constructed. The properties of cell exhibiting the characteristics of life, define both the potential capabilities & the inherent limitations of all living organisms. The cell theory given in 1839 by German bio ...
Tumor Viruses - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... traits that had been previously associated with cancer cells. Thus, after RSV particles were applied to chicken fibroblasts in a culture dish, foci (clusters) of infected cells appeared. Under the microscope, these cells strongly resembled the cells isolated from chicken sarcomas (Figure 3.5). Thus, ...
... traits that had been previously associated with cancer cells. Thus, after RSV particles were applied to chicken fibroblasts in a culture dish, foci (clusters) of infected cells appeared. Under the microscope, these cells strongly resembled the cells isolated from chicken sarcomas (Figure 3.5). Thus, ...
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of
... comprise the filament. The temporal regulation of class III and IV flagellar gene expression is influenced by both cell cycle events and the progression of flagellar assembly. These late flagellar genes share a conserved promoter sequence that includes a consensus binding site for RNA polymerase con ...
... comprise the filament. The temporal regulation of class III and IV flagellar gene expression is influenced by both cell cycle events and the progression of flagellar assembly. These late flagellar genes share a conserved promoter sequence that includes a consensus binding site for RNA polymerase con ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... et al., 1993; Krauss et al., 1993; Echelard et al., 1993; Roelink et al., 1994; Chang et al., 1994; Ruiz i Altaba et al., 1995a). Misexpression of Shh in vertebrate embryos leads to the differentiation of floor plate cells at ectopic locations within the neural tube (Echelard et al., 1993; Krauss et ...
... et al., 1993; Krauss et al., 1993; Echelard et al., 1993; Roelink et al., 1994; Chang et al., 1994; Ruiz i Altaba et al., 1995a). Misexpression of Shh in vertebrate embryos leads to the differentiation of floor plate cells at ectopic locations within the neural tube (Echelard et al., 1993; Krauss et ...
- Wiley Online Library
... mice die within 10 days after birth, and display widespread dermatitis, granulopoiesis, and histologic abnormalities in the liver and spleen. Interestingly, while IjB-a deficient hematopoietic cells demonstrate increased NFjB activity and target gene expression, this effect is not observed in IjB-a ...
... mice die within 10 days after birth, and display widespread dermatitis, granulopoiesis, and histologic abnormalities in the liver and spleen. Interestingly, while IjB-a deficient hematopoietic cells demonstrate increased NFjB activity and target gene expression, this effect is not observed in IjB-a ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
... intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 trials). Cell 3 impulses were counted in a window O-4.5 set from the en ...
... intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 trials). Cell 3 impulses were counted in a window O-4.5 set from the en ...
Neural crest-derived stem cells
... signaling pathway, does not alter smooth muscle or neuronal fate acquisition by neural crest cells, pointing at an involvement of alternative signaling pathways (Buchmann-Moller et al., 2009). Wnt (wingless in Drosophila) acting via the intracellular molecule β-catenin represents a good example of a ...
... signaling pathway, does not alter smooth muscle or neuronal fate acquisition by neural crest cells, pointing at an involvement of alternative signaling pathways (Buchmann-Moller et al., 2009). Wnt (wingless in Drosophila) acting via the intracellular molecule β-catenin represents a good example of a ...
Calibrating Thermometers
... For slim cells we have simplified matters by recommending they are used in the melt mode. It becomes a simple matter of taking a frozen cell, putting it in an apparatus, such as our Medusa dry block bath and setting the temperature to 1° C to 2° C above the melt point. A standard thermometer can be ...
... For slim cells we have simplified matters by recommending they are used in the melt mode. It becomes a simple matter of taking a frozen cell, putting it in an apparatus, such as our Medusa dry block bath and setting the temperature to 1° C to 2° C above the melt point. A standard thermometer can be ...
November 2012 - An error occurred.
... habits (swimmers vs mud racers), hygiene, sex, age, and other factors, like using other mammals as outgroups. They just swabbed a few dozen human belly buttons and looked in petri dishes for what turned up. In addition, they defined a “phylotype” arbitrarily, choosing RNA differences of 3% as diagno ...
... habits (swimmers vs mud racers), hygiene, sex, age, and other factors, like using other mammals as outgroups. They just swabbed a few dozen human belly buttons and looked in petri dishes for what turned up. In addition, they defined a “phylotype” arbitrarily, choosing RNA differences of 3% as diagno ...
The Cytology of the Gram-positive Cocci
... This variation is entirely independent of those usually described as S - + R in the pneumococcus, or ‘matt’ +‘glossy’ in the streptococcus, each of which is concerned only with the capsular material. In a recent paper (Bisset, 1947) the author has shown that rough variants of species both in the Bac ...
... This variation is entirely independent of those usually described as S - + R in the pneumococcus, or ‘matt’ +‘glossy’ in the streptococcus, each of which is concerned only with the capsular material. In a recent paper (Bisset, 1947) the author has shown that rough variants of species both in the Bac ...
08 Prokaryotes
... Many prokaryotes secrete sticky substances that form an additional protection layer – capsule outside the cell wall. Some prokaryotes adhere to one another or to substrate by surface appendages called pili. ...
... Many prokaryotes secrete sticky substances that form an additional protection layer – capsule outside the cell wall. Some prokaryotes adhere to one another or to substrate by surface appendages called pili. ...
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action
... the cell nucleus, independent of the presence of ligand24–26. These two receptor isoforms have the first 727 amino acids in common, and thus, both possess the transactivation and the DNA-binding domains. GRβ is identical to GRα through the first 727 amino acids, but differs from GRα only in its C-te ...
... the cell nucleus, independent of the presence of ligand24–26. These two receptor isoforms have the first 727 amino acids in common, and thus, both possess the transactivation and the DNA-binding domains. GRβ is identical to GRα through the first 727 amino acids, but differs from GRα only in its C-te ...
Galectin-3 Cleavage Alters Bone Remodeling: Different Outcomes in
... osteoclasts nourished in the bone TME, following which, substrates released from the bone matrix enhance cancer progression in bone, resulting in pain (2). Thus, unlike other metastatic sites, anticancer therapeutic approaches alone are not enough to treat bone metastasis and alleviate pain (17, 18) ...
... osteoclasts nourished in the bone TME, following which, substrates released from the bone matrix enhance cancer progression in bone, resulting in pain (2). Thus, unlike other metastatic sites, anticancer therapeutic approaches alone are not enough to treat bone metastasis and alleviate pain (17, 18) ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.