Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: regulation of cell
... neural tube establish the initial pattern of the embryonic vertebrate nervous system. In the spinal cord, the identity of cell types is controlled, in part, by signals from two midline cell groups, the notochord and floor plate, that induce neural plate cells to differentiate into floor plate, motor ...
... neural tube establish the initial pattern of the embryonic vertebrate nervous system. In the spinal cord, the identity of cell types is controlled, in part, by signals from two midline cell groups, the notochord and floor plate, that induce neural plate cells to differentiate into floor plate, motor ...
neuropeptide y is a factor secreted by human endocardial
... Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could be different than EECs isolated from the left ventricle. In this study, we wanted to verify our hypothesis that not only NPY receptors are present in right ventricular EECs but also NPY and ...
... Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could be different than EECs isolated from the left ventricle. In this study, we wanted to verify our hypothesis that not only NPY receptors are present in right ventricular EECs but also NPY and ...
Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements
... zebrafish and Xenopus (Fig. 1E,G), during germ band extension in Drosophila (Fig. 1C,D), and during primitive streak morphogenesis before, and during, gastrulation in chicks (Lawson and Schoenwolf, 2001; Voiculescu et al., 2007). In the ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo and in the axial mesoderm of ...
... zebrafish and Xenopus (Fig. 1E,G), during germ band extension in Drosophila (Fig. 1C,D), and during primitive streak morphogenesis before, and during, gastrulation in chicks (Lawson and Schoenwolf, 2001; Voiculescu et al., 2007). In the ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo and in the axial mesoderm of ...
Roles of Chromatin insulators in gene regulation and diseases
... interacts with the IGF2 promoter, blocking activation by the upstream enhancers, which are then able to interact with the H19 gene. On the paternal allele, the CTCF-binding sites in the ICR are methylated and CTCF is unable to bind the ICR. The enhancers can then activate the IGF2 gene while repress ...
... interacts with the IGF2 promoter, blocking activation by the upstream enhancers, which are then able to interact with the H19 gene. On the paternal allele, the CTCF-binding sites in the ICR are methylated and CTCF is unable to bind the ICR. The enhancers can then activate the IGF2 gene while repress ...
Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor
... cannabinoid receptor when overexpressed in myeloid cells and investigate which of the large panel of molecules capable of binding is the true ligand for Cb2. For this purpose we used the Cb2-overexpressing myeloid cell line NFS 78 as well as 2 clones of the 32D/G-CSF-R cell line in which we introduc ...
... cannabinoid receptor when overexpressed in myeloid cells and investigate which of the large panel of molecules capable of binding is the true ligand for Cb2. For this purpose we used the Cb2-overexpressing myeloid cell line NFS 78 as well as 2 clones of the 32D/G-CSF-R cell line in which we introduc ...
coding space – head direction cells
... direction cells work by integrating internal cues ADN cells combine information about current head direction head movement (turning) proposed that PSC & ADN cells... constitute a looping circuit, compute direction by integrating motion/time but... how is “time” measured? ...
... direction cells work by integrating internal cues ADN cells combine information about current head direction head movement (turning) proposed that PSC & ADN cells... constitute a looping circuit, compute direction by integrating motion/time but... how is “time” measured? ...
Enzymatic Evidence for Differences in the
... blood group system are currently the subject of intensive investigation.' Rh(D) antigen, the most important clinically, and the two commonly detected antigenic alleles, (C/c) and (E/e), which are usually expressed along with it, have been shown to be associated with polypeptides having apparent mole ...
... blood group system are currently the subject of intensive investigation.' Rh(D) antigen, the most important clinically, and the two commonly detected antigenic alleles, (C/c) and (E/e), which are usually expressed along with it, have been shown to be associated with polypeptides having apparent mole ...
Evaluation of flow cytometry as replacement for plating in in vitro
... bacteriolytic). They are also usually classified as either broad or narrow spectrum. Most antibiotics target processes involved in bacterial growth, such as DNA replication, DNA packing, and RNA or protein or cell wall synthesis.3 Other antibiotics target metabolic pathways, or the structure of the ...
... bacteriolytic). They are also usually classified as either broad or narrow spectrum. Most antibiotics target processes involved in bacterial growth, such as DNA replication, DNA packing, and RNA or protein or cell wall synthesis.3 Other antibiotics target metabolic pathways, or the structure of the ...
Protruding Vulva Mutants Identify Novel Loci and Wnt
... P0 animals were allowed to self-fertilize, F1 progeny from these animals were picked, seven animals to a 60-mm plate, and their F2 progeny were screened for fertile animals having a protruding vulval phenotype (Pvl). Only a single Pvl mutant animal was taken from each plate of F2 animals. A total of ...
... P0 animals were allowed to self-fertilize, F1 progeny from these animals were picked, seven animals to a 60-mm plate, and their F2 progeny were screened for fertile animals having a protruding vulval phenotype (Pvl). Only a single Pvl mutant animal was taken from each plate of F2 animals. A total of ...
Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You
... 4. Counterstain: Alcohol is rinsed off. Safranin is applied, which will stain cells that were decolorized. Gram-negative cells are stained pink. Gram-positive cells remain purple. ...
... 4. Counterstain: Alcohol is rinsed off. Safranin is applied, which will stain cells that were decolorized. Gram-negative cells are stained pink. Gram-positive cells remain purple. ...
Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel
... was visualized by peroxidase color reaction. These data are presented in Fig 2. Comparison of wild-type and FN.null embryos at embryonic day 8.0 (Fig 2A and B) demonstrates that myocardial cell specification does not require FNs. Like normal embryos, the FN.null mutant embryo expresses myosin in cel ...
... was visualized by peroxidase color reaction. These data are presented in Fig 2. Comparison of wild-type and FN.null embryos at embryonic day 8.0 (Fig 2A and B) demonstrates that myocardial cell specification does not require FNs. Like normal embryos, the FN.null mutant embryo expresses myosin in cel ...
Plant Tissue Culture
... specific or differentiation related compounds in higher amounts compared to cell culture of that species. ...
... specific or differentiation related compounds in higher amounts compared to cell culture of that species. ...
Disruption of early proximodistal patterning and AVE
... expression of T was seen only in a subset of embryos (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that the onset of ectopic gene activation is around 4.0 dpc. Other markers of PD and later AP patterning of the epiblast were affected in Apc mutants. Eomesodermin (Eomes) (Ciruna and Rossant, 1999), a marker of the middle ...
... expression of T was seen only in a subset of embryos (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that the onset of ectopic gene activation is around 4.0 dpc. Other markers of PD and later AP patterning of the epiblast were affected in Apc mutants. Eomesodermin (Eomes) (Ciruna and Rossant, 1999), a marker of the middle ...
Programmed cell death in C. elegans: the genetic framework
... C. elegans is a free living worm that feeds on bacteria and can be easily maintained in the laboratory (1). The rapid life cycle of C. elegans (about 2.5 days at 25oC), the self-fertilizing ability of its hermaphrodite, and its well-defined anatomy have made it an ideal organism for sophisticated ge ...
... C. elegans is a free living worm that feeds on bacteria and can be easily maintained in the laboratory (1). The rapid life cycle of C. elegans (about 2.5 days at 25oC), the self-fertilizing ability of its hermaphrodite, and its well-defined anatomy have made it an ideal organism for sophisticated ge ...
Chapter 19: Gene Targeting And Transgenic Technologies
... rates of integration of transgenes than other known methods of transformation. After microinjection, the embryos are surgically transferred into the oviduct of pseudopregnant mice. Pseudopregnant females are generated by matings with vasectomized males. The act of copulation initiates the endocrine ...
... rates of integration of transgenes than other known methods of transformation. After microinjection, the embryos are surgically transferred into the oviduct of pseudopregnant mice. Pseudopregnant females are generated by matings with vasectomized males. The act of copulation initiates the endocrine ...
Production of macrophage activating factors by the mitogen
... male mice were obtained from the Japan Clear Inco. ...
... male mice were obtained from the Japan Clear Inco. ...
γ-Tubulin Is Essential for Microtubule Organization and
... with weak similarity to amino acid permease family proteins. RT-PCR analysis showed that At5g05630 RNA is present in tubg2-1 plants at the same level as in wild-type plants in all tissue examined (data not shown). This result, plus the fact that tubg2-1 homozygous plants have no visible phenotype, s ...
... with weak similarity to amino acid permease family proteins. RT-PCR analysis showed that At5g05630 RNA is present in tubg2-1 plants at the same level as in wild-type plants in all tissue examined (data not shown). This result, plus the fact that tubg2-1 homozygous plants have no visible phenotype, s ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... 27]. Unlike intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations, which can rapidly change by perhaps 100-fold, the pH inside a cell varies by only fractions of a pH unit, but even with such small change, it still exerts many physiological roles[15]. The data presented here, for the firsttime as far as our knowle ...
... 27]. Unlike intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations, which can rapidly change by perhaps 100-fold, the pH inside a cell varies by only fractions of a pH unit, but even with such small change, it still exerts many physiological roles[15]. The data presented here, for the firsttime as far as our knowle ...
The pollen wall and tapetum are altered in the
... but was acetolysis sensitive (Aarts et al., 1997; Ariizumi et al., 2003). The early stages of microsporocyte meiosis and primexine deposition appeared to occur normally in the RC7 line. At the tetrad stage, primexine appeared to be deposited on the microspores based on the regular undulation of the ...
... but was acetolysis sensitive (Aarts et al., 1997; Ariizumi et al., 2003). The early stages of microsporocyte meiosis and primexine deposition appeared to occur normally in the RC7 line. At the tetrad stage, primexine appeared to be deposited on the microspores based on the regular undulation of the ...
A Flow Cytometry Approach to Detect In vivo Chromatin Compaction
... Evaluation of chromatin condensation is an important and stimulating topic. Cells, based on their conditions, can be divided into living or dead cells. For a long time chromosome banding pattern had been used to analyze the chromatin condensation [4]. This method depends much on chromosome separatio ...
... Evaluation of chromatin condensation is an important and stimulating topic. Cells, based on their conditions, can be divided into living or dead cells. For a long time chromosome banding pattern had been used to analyze the chromatin condensation [4]. This method depends much on chromosome separatio ...
Mariam SH et al BMC 2017 - Armauer Hansen Research Institute
... resistance to antibiotics. Outbreaks of food-borne infections are frequently reported globally. All these call for alternative methods that can be applied either alone or in combination with other food preservation methods to counter contamination and pathogen load. LAB are prime candidates in the s ...
... resistance to antibiotics. Outbreaks of food-borne infections are frequently reported globally. All these call for alternative methods that can be applied either alone or in combination with other food preservation methods to counter contamination and pathogen load. LAB are prime candidates in the s ...
Burst and tonic firing in thalamic cells of
... (2) interneurons are smaller and thus less likely to be sampled (Jones, 1985); and (3) interneurons do not normally exhibit bursting based on activation of low-threshold Ca 21 spikes (Pape et al., 1994), but all of the cells we recorded showed clear evidence of such bursting (see below). Spike train ...
... (2) interneurons are smaller and thus less likely to be sampled (Jones, 1985); and (3) interneurons do not normally exhibit bursting based on activation of low-threshold Ca 21 spikes (Pape et al., 1994), but all of the cells we recorded showed clear evidence of such bursting (see below). Spike train ...
Human cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency
... of the latent virus, giving rise to a productive infection and allowing HCMV to disseminate into host tissues [22, 25, 31, 33–35]. On that basis, a number of experimental models have been developed in order to try to reproduce the in vivo events occurring upon HCMV infection. Among the in vitro cell ...
... of the latent virus, giving rise to a productive infection and allowing HCMV to disseminate into host tissues [22, 25, 31, 33–35]. On that basis, a number of experimental models have been developed in order to try to reproduce the in vivo events occurring upon HCMV infection. Among the in vitro cell ...
Restricted, canonical, stereotyped and convergent immunoglobulin
... This C@ –CS population of B cells represents around 1% of peripheral blood B cells and has been demonstrated to secrete IgD class antibody in the lung, which then activates basophils through an IgD Fc receptor [14]. Antibody from these cells tends to be polyreactive, binding many antigens nonspecifi ...
... This C@ –CS population of B cells represents around 1% of peripheral blood B cells and has been demonstrated to secrete IgD class antibody in the lung, which then activates basophils through an IgD Fc receptor [14]. Antibody from these cells tends to be polyreactive, binding many antigens nonspecifi ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.