Severe osmotic compression triggers a slowdown of
... after hyperosmotic stress is an increase in the intracellular protein concentrations and the total protein density, thus leading to molecular crowding. This may alter the mobility, folding, stability, and association rates of several proteins inside the cell. Molecular crowding has received little a ...
... after hyperosmotic stress is an increase in the intracellular protein concentrations and the total protein density, thus leading to molecular crowding. This may alter the mobility, folding, stability, and association rates of several proteins inside the cell. Molecular crowding has received little a ...
Mechanism of Inhibition of Cell Proliferation by
... Vinca alkaloids inhibit cell proliferation primarily by means of their effects on mitotic spindle microtubules or by another mechanism or by a combination of mechanisms. Five Vìnca alkaloids were used to investigate the relationship in Urla cells between inhibition of cell proliferation and blockag ...
... Vinca alkaloids inhibit cell proliferation primarily by means of their effects on mitotic spindle microtubules or by another mechanism or by a combination of mechanisms. Five Vìnca alkaloids were used to investigate the relationship in Urla cells between inhibition of cell proliferation and blockag ...
The correlation between T regulatory cells and
... on IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production [16]. PD-1 expression is upregulated on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which may also contribute to tumor immunosuppression, and stimulates T-cell apoptosis. Its inhibition is related to tumor progression. PD-L1 negatively regulates CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs by limi ...
... on IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production [16]. PD-1 expression is upregulated on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which may also contribute to tumor immunosuppression, and stimulates T-cell apoptosis. Its inhibition is related to tumor progression. PD-L1 negatively regulates CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs by limi ...
Blue Light-Dependent Nuclear Positioning in
... 1995) found that nuclei in prothallial cells of A. capillusveneris take different intracellular positions depending upon dark and light conditions. In darkness, nuclei are located along the anticlinal walls. In the light, in contrast, nuclei are located along the outer periclinal walls. Since the li ...
... 1995) found that nuclei in prothallial cells of A. capillusveneris take different intracellular positions depending upon dark and light conditions. In darkness, nuclei are located along the anticlinal walls. In the light, in contrast, nuclei are located along the outer periclinal walls. Since the li ...
the process of selection of erythromycin
... studied, starting from the 10th fission, 2 sub-clones were thus maintained for a large number of generations in normal medium and tested every 10 fissions. Definition of the various types of cells. It is possible to estimate the number of EB mitochondria in a mixed cell using a formula reported by P ...
... studied, starting from the 10th fission, 2 sub-clones were thus maintained for a large number of generations in normal medium and tested every 10 fissions. Definition of the various types of cells. It is possible to estimate the number of EB mitochondria in a mixed cell using a formula reported by P ...
Expression of Recombinant Myelin
... however, MAG is detectable after 7 d of co-culture with sensory neurons. Neuronal induction of MAG expression can occur before the onset of myelination and does not require assembly of a basal lamina by the Schwann cell. The finding that ensheathment and myelination by Schwann ceils do depend upon b ...
... however, MAG is detectable after 7 d of co-culture with sensory neurons. Neuronal induction of MAG expression can occur before the onset of myelination and does not require assembly of a basal lamina by the Schwann cell. The finding that ensheathment and myelination by Schwann ceils do depend upon b ...
Correlation between Innervation of Skeletal Muscles and
... located between the basement membrane and the cell membrane. They adhere closely to the surfaces of muscle cells. SC has an oblate nucleus with sparse heterochromatin in it and a small amount of cytoplasm. Mauro presumed that SCs was correlated with skeletal muscle regeneration, which has been prove ...
... located between the basement membrane and the cell membrane. They adhere closely to the surfaces of muscle cells. SC has an oblate nucleus with sparse heterochromatin in it and a small amount of cytoplasm. Mauro presumed that SCs was correlated with skeletal muscle regeneration, which has been prove ...
Auxin Metabolism and Function in the Multicellular Brown Alga
... initially organized as a main primary filament composed of elongated cells and round cells, from which branches differentiate. Modeling of its early development suggests the involvement of very local positional information mediated by cell-cell recognition. However, this model also indicates that an ...
... initially organized as a main primary filament composed of elongated cells and round cells, from which branches differentiate. Modeling of its early development suggests the involvement of very local positional information mediated by cell-cell recognition. However, this model also indicates that an ...
Modelling a Debris Flow with PCRaster
... ► The second result has a more correct value of φ but the geometry isn’t perfect ► I think to solve this problem by the introduction of velocity because I suppose it is created by the values of Hcrit based only on slope. ...
... ► The second result has a more correct value of φ but the geometry isn’t perfect ► I think to solve this problem by the introduction of velocity because I suppose it is created by the values of Hcrit based only on slope. ...
Histology-Based Screen for Zebrafish Mutants with Abnormal Cell
... Fig. 4. The photoreceptor cell layer in spr mutants is formed in patches. At 7 days postfertilization, spr mutants do not have a continuous photoreceptor cell layer (PCL). The PCL is present as patches (indicated by white arrowheads). There is also no distinct outer plexiform layer in spr mutants (c ...
... Fig. 4. The photoreceptor cell layer in spr mutants is formed in patches. At 7 days postfertilization, spr mutants do not have a continuous photoreceptor cell layer (PCL). The PCL is present as patches (indicated by white arrowheads). There is also no distinct outer plexiform layer in spr mutants (c ...
ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 306 Lens Physiology and
... of TMEM16A in the lens was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: We studied fiber cells from double knockout lenses ranging between 50 and 600 microns in length using the whole cell patch clamp technique. These experiments indicated that sodium conductances were absent or small in fibe ...
... of TMEM16A in the lens was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: We studied fiber cells from double knockout lenses ranging between 50 and 600 microns in length using the whole cell patch clamp technique. These experiments indicated that sodium conductances were absent or small in fibe ...
Retinoid signaling regulates primitive (yolk sac
... close association with the initial endothelial cells. Mesoderm-derived cell clusters or “blood islands” contain the embryonic or “primitive” erythrocytes and the surrounding endothelial structures that form the extra-embryonic vascular plexus. The association of embryonic blood and endothelial cells ...
... close association with the initial endothelial cells. Mesoderm-derived cell clusters or “blood islands” contain the embryonic or “primitive” erythrocytes and the surrounding endothelial structures that form the extra-embryonic vascular plexus. The association of embryonic blood and endothelial cells ...
Expansion of the phragmoplast during plant cytokinesis: a MAPK
... diameter) curving fusion tubes to produce a fusion-tubegenerated membrane network (FTN). This network undergoes a series of morphological and biochemical changes, including the formation of a tubulo-vesicular network (TVN), a tubular network (TN), and a fenestrated membrane sheet. The cell plate gro ...
... diameter) curving fusion tubes to produce a fusion-tubegenerated membrane network (FTN). This network undergoes a series of morphological and biochemical changes, including the formation of a tubulo-vesicular network (TVN), a tubular network (TN), and a fenestrated membrane sheet. The cell plate gro ...
The Interleukin-1 Family: Back to the Future
... 2010; Dinarello et al., 2012). Here we will review the common characteristics of IL-1 family members and specific receptors. Emphasis will be on the immunobiology of IL-1, its relatives and their receptors with a focus on selected cytokines (e.g., IL-33, IL-18, IL-36), pathways of negative regulatio ...
... 2010; Dinarello et al., 2012). Here we will review the common characteristics of IL-1 family members and specific receptors. Emphasis will be on the immunobiology of IL-1, its relatives and their receptors with a focus on selected cytokines (e.g., IL-33, IL-18, IL-36), pathways of negative regulatio ...
Whole-cell biocatalysts by design - Microbial Cell Factories
... and pathways that are present in nature are being identified at an increasing pace [2, 12], and these enzymes and pathways may represent the most valuable resource for reconstructing synthetic pathways to produce specific molecules; their importance emphasizes the industrial and commercial need for ...
... and pathways that are present in nature are being identified at an increasing pace [2, 12], and these enzymes and pathways may represent the most valuable resource for reconstructing synthetic pathways to produce specific molecules; their importance emphasizes the industrial and commercial need for ...
Sorting between the ER and Golgi
... which is not a naturally occurring mammalian protein. When one considers soluble cargo molecules like enzymes or growth factors, it immediately becomes apparent that they cannot directly engage COPII coat complexes on the ER membrane in the same way that transmembrane proteins can, that is by virtue ...
... which is not a naturally occurring mammalian protein. When one considers soluble cargo molecules like enzymes or growth factors, it immediately becomes apparent that they cannot directly engage COPII coat complexes on the ER membrane in the same way that transmembrane proteins can, that is by virtue ...
Circulating precursors of human CD1c+ and CD141+
... Lee et al., 2015), but not on fully differentiated DCs or monocytes, suggesting that loss of CD34 would precede cDC development (Fig. 1). Collectively, the data suggests that if a hpre-CDC exists in human blood it may be found in the CD 34CD115CD116+CD117+CD135+ fraction. To try to identify hpre-C ...
... Lee et al., 2015), but not on fully differentiated DCs or monocytes, suggesting that loss of CD34 would precede cDC development (Fig. 1). Collectively, the data suggests that if a hpre-CDC exists in human blood it may be found in the CD 34CD115CD116+CD117+CD135+ fraction. To try to identify hpre-C ...
Regulation of developmental timing and germ cell proliferation in C
... As most post-embryonic phenotypes were equally represented in both the UV-activated and -repressed data sets, we found twice as many genes that cause a slow growth (Gro) phenotype by RNAi among the set repressed by CEP-1 in response to UV (data not shown). Under normal growth conditions, 3.1% of rep ...
... As most post-embryonic phenotypes were equally represented in both the UV-activated and -repressed data sets, we found twice as many genes that cause a slow growth (Gro) phenotype by RNAi among the set repressed by CEP-1 in response to UV (data not shown). Under normal growth conditions, 3.1% of rep ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... different shapes are defined by differences in the degree and distribution of edge curvature, and an outstanding question in plant developmental biology is how the patterns of transcription factors and signaling modules that regulate margin form (Bilsborough et al., 2011) are actually translated int ...
... different shapes are defined by differences in the degree and distribution of edge curvature, and an outstanding question in plant developmental biology is how the patterns of transcription factors and signaling modules that regulate margin form (Bilsborough et al., 2011) are actually translated int ...
Antigen-Presenting Cells Are Stratified Within Normal Human
... The function of corneal APCs remains an area of active investigation. In a murine model of HSV-1 corneal infection, it was recently shown that corneal resident or early responding blood-derived DCs react rapidly to HSV-1 infection and are required to attract natural killer cells and inflammatory mon ...
... The function of corneal APCs remains an area of active investigation. In a murine model of HSV-1 corneal infection, it was recently shown that corneal resident or early responding blood-derived DCs react rapidly to HSV-1 infection and are required to attract natural killer cells and inflammatory mon ...
Bell Work: What is the fundamental unit of life?
... Two basic types of electron microscopes (EMs) are used to study subcellular structures Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3-D ...
... Two basic types of electron microscopes (EMs) are used to study subcellular structures Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3-D ...
Oxidation of Hg(0) - Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences
... RPM for 7 min and the cells were washed in 0.5 mM anoxic phosphate buffer (0.38 mM Na2HPO4 and 0.12 mM NaH2PO4) containing 1 mM NaCl inside an anaerobic glove box under 95% N2/5% H2. The cells were then suspended in 20 mL of the buffer solution and transferred to BrooksRand® MERX Total Hg certified a ...
... RPM for 7 min and the cells were washed in 0.5 mM anoxic phosphate buffer (0.38 mM Na2HPO4 and 0.12 mM NaH2PO4) containing 1 mM NaCl inside an anaerobic glove box under 95% N2/5% H2. The cells were then suspended in 20 mL of the buffer solution and transferred to BrooksRand® MERX Total Hg certified a ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.