Plant Vascular Biology 2013: vascular trafficking
... via the extracellular apoplastic space. PDs are microscopic plasma membrane-lined channels which traverse the cell wall of adjacent cells allowing the movement of various molecules through the symplastic space (Oparka and Roberts, 2001; Cilia and Jackson, 2004; Maule, 2008; Lucas et al., 2009; Burc ...
... via the extracellular apoplastic space. PDs are microscopic plasma membrane-lined channels which traverse the cell wall of adjacent cells allowing the movement of various molecules through the symplastic space (Oparka and Roberts, 2001; Cilia and Jackson, 2004; Maule, 2008; Lucas et al., 2009; Burc ...
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
... Parenchyma cells may be elongated columnar in shape as found in palisade tissue of the leaf. Stems of plants shows well-developed air spaces (Scirpus, petiole of Canna leaf) with their stretched arms, such parenchymatous cells are called stellate parenchyma. Parenchyma cells can be variously lobed e ...
... Parenchyma cells may be elongated columnar in shape as found in palisade tissue of the leaf. Stems of plants shows well-developed air spaces (Scirpus, petiole of Canna leaf) with their stretched arms, such parenchymatous cells are called stellate parenchyma. Parenchyma cells can be variously lobed e ...
Regulation of Heat Shock Response in Yeast and - E
... III, each of which transcribes its own subset of RNAs. This chapter focuses on expression of genes transcribed by RNAPII, which is responsible for the expression of proteincoding genes. Transcription is accomplished by a protein complex called the general transcription machinery, which, in addition ...
... III, each of which transcribes its own subset of RNAs. This chapter focuses on expression of genes transcribed by RNAPII, which is responsible for the expression of proteincoding genes. Transcription is accomplished by a protein complex called the general transcription machinery, which, in addition ...
Understanding How Lipopolysaccharide Impacts CD4 T Cell Immunity
... can bias immune responses towards Th1. Culturing human T cells in LPS-free medium for 6 days, followed by non-specific stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin resulted in their production of both IFN-γ and IL-4.56 However, when the T cells were first cultured with Brucella abortus LPS and then stimulate ...
... can bias immune responses towards Th1. Culturing human T cells in LPS-free medium for 6 days, followed by non-specific stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin resulted in their production of both IFN-γ and IL-4.56 However, when the T cells were first cultured with Brucella abortus LPS and then stimulate ...
The effect of temperature shifts on protein synthesis
... It is well known that the relationships between temperature and the growth rate of bacteria are characterized by straight lines in the Arrhenius profiles in the middle temperature range, with distinct changes in slope at temperatures higher and lower than the optimum range. The forms of such Arrheni ...
... It is well known that the relationships between temperature and the growth rate of bacteria are characterized by straight lines in the Arrhenius profiles in the middle temperature range, with distinct changes in slope at temperatures higher and lower than the optimum range. The forms of such Arrheni ...
Identification of a Mid-anaphase Checkpoint in
... Studies in populations of budding yeast, after activation of a facultative, dicentric chromosome are also indicative of a mid-anaphase cell cycle checkpoint which can delay progression through mitosis (Neff and Burke, 1992; Brock and Bloom, 1994). These dicentric chromosomes contain two centromeres, ...
... Studies in populations of budding yeast, after activation of a facultative, dicentric chromosome are also indicative of a mid-anaphase cell cycle checkpoint which can delay progression through mitosis (Neff and Burke, 1992; Brock and Bloom, 1994). These dicentric chromosomes contain two centromeres, ...
Epigenetic pathways through which experiences become linked with biology PATRICK O. M Gowan
... The histone proteins have amino acid tails that protrude beyond the DNA (Figure 1), and these amino acid residues are prone to chemical modifications (Berger, 2007). We mention acetylation and methylation here, because these have been the most studied in terms of plasticity and behavior changes. The ...
... The histone proteins have amino acid tails that protrude beyond the DNA (Figure 1), and these amino acid residues are prone to chemical modifications (Berger, 2007). We mention acetylation and methylation here, because these have been the most studied in terms of plasticity and behavior changes. The ...
Probing cytoplasmic viscosity in the confined geometry of
... but this approach requires being able to image and track single fluorescently labeled targets in three dimensions, over the time scales relevant to the objects’ motion [25]. FCS is an attractive alternative [17, 26], which does not use information at the single-particle level, however, it does requi ...
... but this approach requires being able to image and track single fluorescently labeled targets in three dimensions, over the time scales relevant to the objects’ motion [25]. FCS is an attractive alternative [17, 26], which does not use information at the single-particle level, however, it does requi ...
control of cell division of the intracellular chlorella symbionts in
... Green hydra exercises strict control over the number and reproduction of its intracellular algal symbionts. This control appears to be exercised at the level of the host digestive cell. Contrary to the suggestion of Pardy & Heacox (1976), the head appears to have no influence on algal reproduction i ...
... Green hydra exercises strict control over the number and reproduction of its intracellular algal symbionts. This control appears to be exercised at the level of the host digestive cell. Contrary to the suggestion of Pardy & Heacox (1976), the head appears to have no influence on algal reproduction i ...
Intrahepatic expression of the hepatic stellate cell marker ®broblast
... the only relevant factor. In chronic liver diseases such as chronic HCV infection, the majority of patients have considerable numbers of activated ...
... the only relevant factor. In chronic liver diseases such as chronic HCV infection, the majority of patients have considerable numbers of activated ...
Human Body Systems Lesson Guide
... Chemical digestion is the process of breaking the chemical bonds in nutrients and changing them into simple forms that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Mechanical digestion helps prepare food for chemical digestion by increasing the points of contact (surface area) between digestive chemica ...
... Chemical digestion is the process of breaking the chemical bonds in nutrients and changing them into simple forms that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Mechanical digestion helps prepare food for chemical digestion by increasing the points of contact (surface area) between digestive chemica ...
Light and electron microscopic studies on turbot Psetta maxima
... sometimes accompanied by loss of their content, when compared to turbot with slight infections. The inflammatory reaction present in the lamina propria–submucosa was scarce or moderate, but it usually occurred in those folds where the number of parasites was high. In these cases, mild dilation of su ...
... sometimes accompanied by loss of their content, when compared to turbot with slight infections. The inflammatory reaction present in the lamina propria–submucosa was scarce or moderate, but it usually occurred in those folds where the number of parasites was high. In these cases, mild dilation of su ...
Chapter 6
... change energy from one form to another • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP • Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis ...
... change energy from one form to another • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP • Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis ...
Supplement Supporting Materials and Methods Site
... Western blot analysis. At 48 h after shRNA transfection, total cell lysates were prepared and normalized for protein concentration. The expression of gapdh was used to control equal protein loading. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments. B, P300 shRNA or CBP shRNA abolish ...
... Western blot analysis. At 48 h after shRNA transfection, total cell lysates were prepared and normalized for protein concentration. The expression of gapdh was used to control equal protein loading. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments. B, P300 shRNA or CBP shRNA abolish ...
The allocation of early blastomeres to the ectoderm and endoderm
... prospective archenteron may be regulated by signaling across the sixth equatorial cleavage plane that separates the veg1 and veg2 tiers. The cleavage boundary between the veg1 tier and the mesomeres may also be an important interface for cell-cell signaling because mesomeres appear to possess an inh ...
... prospective archenteron may be regulated by signaling across the sixth equatorial cleavage plane that separates the veg1 and veg2 tiers. The cleavage boundary between the veg1 tier and the mesomeres may also be an important interface for cell-cell signaling because mesomeres appear to possess an inh ...
Induction of Lytic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection in EBV
... with the antiviral drug, GCV, could abort viral replication and prevent release of infectious EBV, while still allowing EBV-specific killing. Phosphorylation of GCV into its triphosphate form is initiated by the early (or lytic cycle) proteins of several herpesviruses, including the HSV-TK protein a ...
... with the antiviral drug, GCV, could abort viral replication and prevent release of infectious EBV, while still allowing EBV-specific killing. Phosphorylation of GCV into its triphosphate form is initiated by the early (or lytic cycle) proteins of several herpesviruses, including the HSV-TK protein a ...
1111138443_282428
... Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum No membrane covering Site of protein synthesis ...
... Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum No membrane covering Site of protein synthesis ...
Lecture NoteV
... separated by viral DNA replication. The first or "early" phase involves the entry of the virus into the host cell and virus genome to the nucleus. The late genes are transcribed from the major late promoter. The “late” phase involves the formation of gene products related to production and assembly ...
... separated by viral DNA replication. The first or "early" phase involves the entry of the virus into the host cell and virus genome to the nucleus. The late genes are transcribed from the major late promoter. The “late” phase involves the formation of gene products related to production and assembly ...
Hormonal regulation of stem cell maintenance in roots
... cell division and differentiation. There are groups of undifferentiated meristematic cells which have the potential to divide, and they are called initials or stem cells. The mitotically less active QC is surrounded by the initial cells, which forms a ‘stem cell niche’ (SCN), and an unknown factor f ...
... cell division and differentiation. There are groups of undifferentiated meristematic cells which have the potential to divide, and they are called initials or stem cells. The mitotically less active QC is surrounded by the initial cells, which forms a ‘stem cell niche’ (SCN), and an unknown factor f ...
Full Text - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... were collected on apple juice agar plates for 1 hr at 25°, aged for 17 hr and then selected based upon the absence of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). Nonhatched embryos 48 hr after egg laying were dechorionated in 6% sodium hypochloride, mounted in Hoyer’s medium on microscope slides, and cleared ...
... were collected on apple juice agar plates for 1 hr at 25°, aged for 17 hr and then selected based upon the absence of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). Nonhatched embryos 48 hr after egg laying were dechorionated in 6% sodium hypochloride, mounted in Hoyer’s medium on microscope slides, and cleared ...
Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death
... Previous studies implicate necrotic cell death in devastating human pathologies such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases (Walker et al., 1988; Martin, 2001). In Caenorhabditis elegans, specific mutations in several genes that encode ion channel subunits and regulators trigger the degeneration o ...
... Previous studies implicate necrotic cell death in devastating human pathologies such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases (Walker et al., 1988; Martin, 2001). In Caenorhabditis elegans, specific mutations in several genes that encode ion channel subunits and regulators trigger the degeneration o ...
1 - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... Condorelli paper. Since then a consensus has been reached and the protein is now called GFAPδ (Condorelli et al., 1999; Middeldorp and Hol, 2011; Nielsen et al., 2002; Thomsen et al., 2013). Blechingberg and colleagues studied alternative splicing with a GFAP minigene construct and showed that the e ...
... Condorelli paper. Since then a consensus has been reached and the protein is now called GFAPδ (Condorelli et al., 1999; Middeldorp and Hol, 2011; Nielsen et al., 2002; Thomsen et al., 2013). Blechingberg and colleagues studied alternative splicing with a GFAP minigene construct and showed that the e ...
Tasquinimod Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances
... However, in an orthotopic, metastatic prostate cancer model, tasquinimod reduced the rate of metastasis without affecting microvessel density in the primary tumor (18). Therefore, mechanisms other than impairing angiogenesis may play an important role in the antitumor and antimetastatic activities o ...
... However, in an orthotopic, metastatic prostate cancer model, tasquinimod reduced the rate of metastasis without affecting microvessel density in the primary tumor (18). Therefore, mechanisms other than impairing angiogenesis may play an important role in the antitumor and antimetastatic activities o ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.