Cell shape changes indicate a role for extrinsic tensile forces in
... extension (Fig. 1b). Over these first 30 min, cell shape change contributed about one-third of total tissue deformation, identifying cell shape as a novel and significant contributor to GBE (Fig. 1c). We conclude that this additional contribution of cell shape change explains the higher rate of exte ...
... extension (Fig. 1b). Over these first 30 min, cell shape change contributed about one-third of total tissue deformation, identifying cell shape as a novel and significant contributor to GBE (Fig. 1c). We conclude that this additional contribution of cell shape change explains the higher rate of exte ...
Short Article Zebrafish Slow Muscle Cell Migration Induces a Wave
... All panels are side views, anterior left (except C″, D″). Donor cells were isochronically transplanted into host embryos at the blastula stage as previously described (Amacher and Kimmel, 1998). The genotype of donors and hosts was determined at the 18- to 24somite stage. (A and B) Wild-type cells d ...
... All panels are side views, anterior left (except C″, D″). Donor cells were isochronically transplanted into host embryos at the blastula stage as previously described (Amacher and Kimmel, 1998). The genotype of donors and hosts was determined at the 18- to 24somite stage. (A and B) Wild-type cells d ...
Uptake of glutamate, not glutamine synthetase, regulates adaptation
... The data obtained from this experiment are expressed as Michaelis-Menten plots from which Km and Vmax values could be determined for each time point (Tables 1 and 2). This showed that for McCoy and MDCK cells grown in GMEM + gmine, the Vmax value of GS increased with the rapid consumption of glutami ...
... The data obtained from this experiment are expressed as Michaelis-Menten plots from which Km and Vmax values could be determined for each time point (Tables 1 and 2). This showed that for McCoy and MDCK cells grown in GMEM + gmine, the Vmax value of GS increased with the rapid consumption of glutami ...
Avoidance of Four-way Junctions and
... and anchored it to the cortex throughout division. The picture for microtubules (MTs) ~ in large vacuolated cells is less clear, probably because of the difficulty of handling such cells for microscopy. However, Bakhuizen et al. (1985) have been able to see MT segments in the phragmosome of Nautilo ...
... and anchored it to the cortex throughout division. The picture for microtubules (MTs) ~ in large vacuolated cells is less clear, probably because of the difficulty of handling such cells for microscopy. However, Bakhuizen et al. (1985) have been able to see MT segments in the phragmosome of Nautilo ...
Fungi
... ___________-________, or _____________, cells. Scientists have divided fungi into 2 _____________, based in part on their ___________. ____________ are fungi that are usually filamentous and ____________ are fungi that are usually round or oval single cells. Most fungi change their shape from one fo ...
... ___________-________, or _____________, cells. Scientists have divided fungi into 2 _____________, based in part on their ___________. ____________ are fungi that are usually filamentous and ____________ are fungi that are usually round or oval single cells. Most fungi change their shape from one fo ...
Immunology of interstitial lung diseases: ... place in the lung of sarcoidosis, ...
... model for the alveolitis and granuloma formation in sarcoidosis, suggesting that an unknown antigen activates T-cells and macrophages, which are able to maintain each other in a state of activation. Following co-operation with macrophages, activated helper T-lymphocytes release a series of mediators ...
... model for the alveolitis and granuloma formation in sarcoidosis, suggesting that an unknown antigen activates T-cells and macrophages, which are able to maintain each other in a state of activation. Following co-operation with macrophages, activated helper T-lymphocytes release a series of mediators ...
The Cytoskeleton of the Cardiac Muscle Cell
... proper length.34,36,37 Regulatory proteins, including tropomyosin and a hetero-tripartite complex of cardiac troponins, are connected to the actin.38 Tropomyosin is a large, thin molecule, 40 nm in length, that consists of two polypeptide chains in the form of a helix. These two polypeptide chains a ...
... proper length.34,36,37 Regulatory proteins, including tropomyosin and a hetero-tripartite complex of cardiac troponins, are connected to the actin.38 Tropomyosin is a large, thin molecule, 40 nm in length, that consists of two polypeptide chains in the form of a helix. These two polypeptide chains a ...
Vacuolar Function in the Phosphate Homeostasis of the Yeast
... cells to undergo two to three cell cycles. approximately 25%, while the intensity of the terminal To understand physiological responses to phosphate phosphate signal increased four-fold. This indicates that starvation, it is necessary to consider the intracellular com- polyphosphate is digested with ...
... cells to undergo two to three cell cycles. approximately 25%, while the intensity of the terminal To understand physiological responses to phosphate phosphate signal increased four-fold. This indicates that starvation, it is necessary to consider the intracellular com- polyphosphate is digested with ...
Intracellular marking of physiologically characterized cells in the
... were made in the following way. The electrode was advanced with an hydraulic microdrive in steps of 1-3 pm. Contact with a unit was indicated by a resting potential equal to or more negative than -25 mV; spike activity was triggered using a level detector. The CF and threshold of the unit were deter ...
... were made in the following way. The electrode was advanced with an hydraulic microdrive in steps of 1-3 pm. Contact with a unit was indicated by a resting potential equal to or more negative than -25 mV; spike activity was triggered using a level detector. The CF and threshold of the unit were deter ...
Commentary on “Research on Mitotic Mechanisms”
... dipoles, were models for spindle formation, but these sorts of proposals are only mentioned, given that such ideas did not lead to productive experiments. Beginning with the discovery of spindle microtubules, however, investigators began to propose specific hypotheses about force generation based, f ...
... dipoles, were models for spindle formation, but these sorts of proposals are only mentioned, given that such ideas did not lead to productive experiments. Beginning with the discovery of spindle microtubules, however, investigators began to propose specific hypotheses about force generation based, f ...
Dynamics of PhiX174 protein E-mediated lysis of
... membrane enzymes through the E-lysis tunnel. This result also indicates that the envelope structures, including the inner membrane of E-lysed cells, are well conserved in their native structure. Bacterial ghosts obtained after E-mediated lysis may represent a new tool for studies of membrane-bound e ...
... membrane enzymes through the E-lysis tunnel. This result also indicates that the envelope structures, including the inner membrane of E-lysed cells, are well conserved in their native structure. Bacterial ghosts obtained after E-mediated lysis may represent a new tool for studies of membrane-bound e ...
Morphology of single ganglion cells in the glaucomatous
... Because the intracellular approach does not permit the injection of a large number of neurons at every location in each retina studied, we focused our morphologic examination on ganglion cells located in the superior and inferior regions of the midperipheral temporal retina (—2-7 mm, ~10°-35°, from ...
... Because the intracellular approach does not permit the injection of a large number of neurons at every location in each retina studied, we focused our morphologic examination on ganglion cells located in the superior and inferior regions of the midperipheral temporal retina (—2-7 mm, ~10°-35°, from ...
Regenerated Hair Cells Can Originate from Supporting Cell Progeny
... light and DIC optics were used for observation ofthe specimen througho;t the experiments. The laser beam was directed to the specimen through the epi-illumination path of the microscope, so that the transmitted light observation was uninterrupted. The laser output ranged from 8 to 45 mJ/pulse at 355 ...
... light and DIC optics were used for observation ofthe specimen througho;t the experiments. The laser beam was directed to the specimen through the epi-illumination path of the microscope, so that the transmitted light observation was uninterrupted. The laser output ranged from 8 to 45 mJ/pulse at 355 ...
Using glyco-engineering to produce therapeutic proteins
... Macroheterogeneity on recombinant glycoproteins arises from variations in glycosylation site occupancy. These differences in glycosylation efficiency are dependent on the manufacturing system (e.g., organism/cell-type-specific) and protein intrinsic features. The presence of the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon ...
... Macroheterogeneity on recombinant glycoproteins arises from variations in glycosylation site occupancy. These differences in glycosylation efficiency are dependent on the manufacturing system (e.g., organism/cell-type-specific) and protein intrinsic features. The presence of the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon ...
Restricted growth of Utype infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus
... M genogroup type strain of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from rainbow trout grows well in rainbow trout-derived RTG-2 cells, but a U genogroup type strain from sockeye salmon has restricted growth, associated with reduced genome replication and mRNA transcription. Here, we analysed ...
... M genogroup type strain of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from rainbow trout grows well in rainbow trout-derived RTG-2 cells, but a U genogroup type strain from sockeye salmon has restricted growth, associated with reduced genome replication and mRNA transcription. Here, we analysed ...
Cell Biology - Hardin County Schools
... While cells are the basic units of an organism, groups of cells can perform a job together. These cells are called specialized because they have a special job. Specialized cells can be organized into tissues. For example, your liver cells are organized into liver tissue. Your liver tissue is further ...
... While cells are the basic units of an organism, groups of cells can perform a job together. These cells are called specialized because they have a special job. Specialized cells can be organized into tissues. For example, your liver cells are organized into liver tissue. Your liver tissue is further ...
Proposal for an enhanced, yeast
... constructed in pMWFD according to the techniques of Takayama, et al23. The opd gene will be PCR amplified from pWM513. Schofield-library promoters will be added through PCR/restriction digests, replacing the GAPDH promoter upstream of the glucoamylase promoter sequence. The resulting plasmid will al ...
... constructed in pMWFD according to the techniques of Takayama, et al23. The opd gene will be PCR amplified from pWM513. Schofield-library promoters will be added through PCR/restriction digests, replacing the GAPDH promoter upstream of the glucoamylase promoter sequence. The resulting plasmid will al ...
The use of multi-color flow cytometry for identification of
... expressing CD4+CD25highFoxp3+, CD4+CD25IL-10+IL-4- (Tr1), or CD4+TGF-b+ (Th3) [3]. Regulatory T-cells may play a suppressor role by directly or indirectly regulating the function of effector cells taking part in inflammatory reactions. Prerequisite for Treg function is surface expression of various ...
... expressing CD4+CD25highFoxp3+, CD4+CD25IL-10+IL-4- (Tr1), or CD4+TGF-b+ (Th3) [3]. Regulatory T-cells may play a suppressor role by directly or indirectly regulating the function of effector cells taking part in inflammatory reactions. Prerequisite for Treg function is surface expression of various ...
A Series of Ubiquitin Binding Factors Connects CDC48/p97 to
... Proteolysis is pivotal for cellular and developmental regulation. Due to its irreversible nature, proteolysis is ideally suited for regulating unidirectional pathways such as cell cycle progression or differentiation. In eukaryotes, selective proteolysis is largely mediated by the ubiquitin/ proteas ...
... Proteolysis is pivotal for cellular and developmental regulation. Due to its irreversible nature, proteolysis is ideally suited for regulating unidirectional pathways such as cell cycle progression or differentiation. In eukaryotes, selective proteolysis is largely mediated by the ubiquitin/ proteas ...
ANISOTROPIC EXPANSION OF THE PLANT CELL WALL
... where the organ cannot be photographed over time, such as when a root is growing in compact soil, but suffers from the facts that cell lengths are extremely variable and that cell division or time-dependent changes invalidate the results. Because cell boundaries are customarily viewed in sections, t ...
... where the organ cannot be photographed over time, such as when a root is growing in compact soil, but suffers from the facts that cell lengths are extremely variable and that cell division or time-dependent changes invalidate the results. Because cell boundaries are customarily viewed in sections, t ...
Nitrogen Metabolism in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures
... acid throughout the following experiments. In 10 mM NH4Cl medium, the addition of succinate increased the yield of the cells proportionately up to 6 mm (Fig. 1). By changing the NH4Cl concentration in the growth medium (Table II), it was found that a ratio of the molar concentrations of ammonia to s ...
... acid throughout the following experiments. In 10 mM NH4Cl medium, the addition of succinate increased the yield of the cells proportionately up to 6 mm (Fig. 1). By changing the NH4Cl concentration in the growth medium (Table II), it was found that a ratio of the molar concentrations of ammonia to s ...
Intracellular catalysis of disulfide bond formation by the human
... that hQSOX1a is glycosylated (Figure 1B, lane 2). To determine whether the N-terminal signal peptide of hQSOX1a resulted in the protein being translocated into the ER, translations were treated with proteinase K. When the hQSOX1a translation products synthesized in the presence of SP cells were trea ...
... that hQSOX1a is glycosylated (Figure 1B, lane 2). To determine whether the N-terminal signal peptide of hQSOX1a resulted in the protein being translocated into the ER, translations were treated with proteinase K. When the hQSOX1a translation products synthesized in the presence of SP cells were trea ...
Protist Characteristics
... Protists have complex life cycles. Many have both asexual and sexual reproduction. An example is a protist called Spirogyra, a type of algae, shown Figure 1.2. It usually exists as haploid cells that reproduce by binary fission. In a stressful environment, such as one that is very dry, Spirogyra may ...
... Protists have complex life cycles. Many have both asexual and sexual reproduction. An example is a protist called Spirogyra, a type of algae, shown Figure 1.2. It usually exists as haploid cells that reproduce by binary fission. In a stressful environment, such as one that is very dry, Spirogyra may ...
Non Conservation of Function for the
... program is under the control of Hedgehog signaling from the notochord and floor plate. This pathway activates the expression of the conserved transcriptional repressor, Prdm1 (Blimp1), which in turn represses the fast program and promotes the slow program in adaxial cells of the somite and their des ...
... program is under the control of Hedgehog signaling from the notochord and floor plate. This pathway activates the expression of the conserved transcriptional repressor, Prdm1 (Blimp1), which in turn represses the fast program and promotes the slow program in adaxial cells of the somite and their des ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.