Regulation of Gene Expression
... DNA Methylation • DNA methylation, the addition of methyl groups to certain bases in DNA, is associated with reduced transcription in some species • DNA methylation can cause long-term inactivation of genes in cellular differentiation • In genomic imprinting, methylation regulates expression of eit ...
... DNA Methylation • DNA methylation, the addition of methyl groups to certain bases in DNA, is associated with reduced transcription in some species • DNA methylation can cause long-term inactivation of genes in cellular differentiation • In genomic imprinting, methylation regulates expression of eit ...
Electrocardioqraphic criteria for predicting the site of coronary artery
... in shutting off the activity of the pheromone by two functions encoded on the plasmid; one involves a reduction of the pheromone production, and other by production of specific inhibitor peptide which encoded by prg-Q gene. The inhibitors competitive with exogenous pheromone by bind to pheromone rec ...
... in shutting off the activity of the pheromone by two functions encoded on the plasmid; one involves a reduction of the pheromone production, and other by production of specific inhibitor peptide which encoded by prg-Q gene. The inhibitors competitive with exogenous pheromone by bind to pheromone rec ...
G Protein Subunits Synthesized in Sf9 Cells
... data also suggest that the interaction of By with receptors is important for agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation, suggesting an importantrole for Py in desensitization (8).By subunits can also regulate effector molecules. Genetic studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that Py carries th ...
... data also suggest that the interaction of By with receptors is important for agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation, suggesting an importantrole for Py in desensitization (8).By subunits can also regulate effector molecules. Genetic studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that Py carries th ...
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 52(2), Page 67, 2005
... by an order of magnitude (Kobori & Taga 1979; Hernandez ...
... by an order of magnitude (Kobori & Taga 1979; Hernandez ...
ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 514 Non
... Purpose: We recently reported that retinal microglia in adult mice are maintained locally without significant contribution from hematopoiesis. An important emerging question is whether local paracrine factors in the retina are needed to help maintain normal microglia. We addressed this problem by fo ...
... Purpose: We recently reported that retinal microglia in adult mice are maintained locally without significant contribution from hematopoiesis. An important emerging question is whether local paracrine factors in the retina are needed to help maintain normal microglia. We addressed this problem by fo ...
Alterations in gene expression in T1α null lung: a model of deficient
... We used EASE bioinformatic tool to identify over-represented biological processes, defined by the Gene Ontology database (GO), for 239 genes that have altered expression at E18.5 and for the 50 genes altered at term in the absence of T1α (data not shown). Genes involved in vasculogenesis, protein ta ...
... We used EASE bioinformatic tool to identify over-represented biological processes, defined by the Gene Ontology database (GO), for 239 genes that have altered expression at E18.5 and for the 50 genes altered at term in the absence of T1α (data not shown). Genes involved in vasculogenesis, protein ta ...
Identification of the Sites of Asparagine
... The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is physiologically the primary regulator of differentiated function and proliferation of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and pathogenetically a target for the immune system in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. This rece ...
... The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is physiologically the primary regulator of differentiated function and proliferation of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and pathogenetically a target for the immune system in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. This rece ...
IGF-1 induces rat glomerular mesangial cells to accumulate
... Cell culture. Rat glomerular MC were prepared by modification (4, 5) of routine methods (47). In brief, minced rat kidney cortex was sieved. Isolated glomeruli were plated in medium containing a 1:1 mix of 20% FCS-RPMI 1640 and previously collected glomerular conditioned medium. Insulin routinely ad ...
... Cell culture. Rat glomerular MC were prepared by modification (4, 5) of routine methods (47). In brief, minced rat kidney cortex was sieved. Isolated glomeruli were plated in medium containing a 1:1 mix of 20% FCS-RPMI 1640 and previously collected glomerular conditioned medium. Insulin routinely ad ...
Neuromesodermal progenitors and the making of the
... possibility that some posterior neural tissue is generated independently of the mechanism(s) that induces the anterior neural plate. The idea that the posterior spinal cord arises from progenitor cells with a neuromesodermal potential was proposed as long ago as 1884, based on morphological observat ...
... possibility that some posterior neural tissue is generated independently of the mechanism(s) that induces the anterior neural plate. The idea that the posterior spinal cord arises from progenitor cells with a neuromesodermal potential was proposed as long ago as 1884, based on morphological observat ...
Developmental Biology of a Plant
... nodule formation and function have progressed to a point where these processes can be described in considerable detail at the molecular level. The relative ease by which the "prokaryote inducer" can be studied and manipulated offers an experimental approach to elucidate signal-response pathways invo ...
... nodule formation and function have progressed to a point where these processes can be described in considerable detail at the molecular level. The relative ease by which the "prokaryote inducer" can be studied and manipulated offers an experimental approach to elucidate signal-response pathways invo ...
The homeobox-containing gene Wariai regulates anterior
... In Dictyostelium, the multicellular organism is formed by the chemotactic aggregation of up to 105 individual cells (Firtel, 1995; Van Haastert, 1995; Chen et al., 1996). This is mediated by cAMP that interacts with cell surface, G-protein-coupled receptors, activating a series of downstream signali ...
... In Dictyostelium, the multicellular organism is formed by the chemotactic aggregation of up to 105 individual cells (Firtel, 1995; Van Haastert, 1995; Chen et al., 1996). This is mediated by cAMP that interacts with cell surface, G-protein-coupled receptors, activating a series of downstream signali ...
p.1 MicroRNA miR-144 modulates oxidative stress
... exposed and oxidized, alterations in globin conformation can occur, heme can dissociate from globin, and oxidized membrane and cytoskeletal proteins can become sites for hemichrome binding,23 — all of which can lead to hemolysis and are often seen in SCD erythrocytes.19,24,25 In this report, we have ...
... exposed and oxidized, alterations in globin conformation can occur, heme can dissociate from globin, and oxidized membrane and cytoskeletal proteins can become sites for hemichrome binding,23 — all of which can lead to hemolysis and are often seen in SCD erythrocytes.19,24,25 In this report, we have ...
Immunological Memory: Contribution of Memory B Cells Expressing
... predetermined optimal concentrations of the appropriate mAbs or isotype controls (see below) for 30 min at 4°C, followed by lysis of RBC (FACS lysing solution 349202, Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Samples were washed twice in staining buffer (2% FCS in PBS), immediately acquired by flow cytometry ...
... predetermined optimal concentrations of the appropriate mAbs or isotype controls (see below) for 30 min at 4°C, followed by lysis of RBC (FACS lysing solution 349202, Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Samples were washed twice in staining buffer (2% FCS in PBS), immediately acquired by flow cytometry ...
Cosuppression of Eukaryotic Release Factor 1-1
... insertional effect was ruled out by southern analysis on four independent broomhead lines that clearly shows different chromosomal integration sites for each line (Fig. 4). The degradation observed in broomhead plants was specific to plants showing the phenotype as eRF1-1 transcript levels were up-r ...
... insertional effect was ruled out by southern analysis on four independent broomhead lines that clearly shows different chromosomal integration sites for each line (Fig. 4). The degradation observed in broomhead plants was specific to plants showing the phenotype as eRF1-1 transcript levels were up-r ...
Surface Charge Distribution on the Endothelial Cell of Liver Sinusoids
... The topography of the charged residues on the endothelial cell surface of liver sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of different size and charge. The tracers used were native ferritin (pl 4 .2-4.7) and its cationized (pl 8.4) and anionized (pl 3 .7) derivative ...
... The topography of the charged residues on the endothelial cell surface of liver sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of different size and charge. The tracers used were native ferritin (pl 4 .2-4.7) and its cationized (pl 8.4) and anionized (pl 3 .7) derivative ...
Identification of a Gene Required for Gliding Motility in Myxococcus
... systems: adventurous(A)-motility and social(S)-motility [8, 10]. The A-motility system functions whenever cells are in a group or not, whereas the S-motility system functions only when cells are in a group. The driving force for Smotility is known to be generated by pulling cell bodies with their po ...
... systems: adventurous(A)-motility and social(S)-motility [8, 10]. The A-motility system functions whenever cells are in a group or not, whereas the S-motility system functions only when cells are in a group. The driving force for Smotility is known to be generated by pulling cell bodies with their po ...
2/6/12 Bacterial Growth
... • Typically, the cytoplasm has a higher solute concentration than the surrounding environment, thus the tendency is for water to move into the cell (positive water balance) • When a cell is in an environment with a higher external solute concentration, water will flow out unless the cell has a mecha ...
... • Typically, the cytoplasm has a higher solute concentration than the surrounding environment, thus the tendency is for water to move into the cell (positive water balance) • When a cell is in an environment with a higher external solute concentration, water will flow out unless the cell has a mecha ...
Whole mount in situ hybridization shows Endo 16
... occurs that most likely involves the inactivation of vegetal plate specific genes and activation of secondary mesenchyme specific genes. In recent studies we have identified a gene that is activated in secondary mesenchyme cells at precisely this point in time (C. Smith et al., unpublished data). Th ...
... occurs that most likely involves the inactivation of vegetal plate specific genes and activation of secondary mesenchyme specific genes. In recent studies we have identified a gene that is activated in secondary mesenchyme cells at precisely this point in time (C. Smith et al., unpublished data). Th ...
9/18/08 Transcript I
... from the GTFs could be slightly different or very different. In vivo these factors are associated with additional proteins forming a larger complex of about 50 polypeptides. So again for every cell in a given particular gene, there are different times of expression or development, things can be diff ...
... from the GTFs could be slightly different or very different. In vivo these factors are associated with additional proteins forming a larger complex of about 50 polypeptides. So again for every cell in a given particular gene, there are different times of expression or development, things can be diff ...
The Characterization of the Olf-1/EBF
... Independently, a mixed probe derived from PCR on an E12.5 whole-embryo cDNA library was labeled and used to screen the same library at low stringency. We isolated cDNA clones predicted to encode full-length O/ E-1 and O/ E-3 proteins and a partial clone corresponding to a truncated O/ E-2 protein. A ...
... Independently, a mixed probe derived from PCR on an E12.5 whole-embryo cDNA library was labeled and used to screen the same library at low stringency. We isolated cDNA clones predicted to encode full-length O/ E-1 and O/ E-3 proteins and a partial clone corresponding to a truncated O/ E-2 protein. A ...
Figure 2 - York College of Pennsylvania
... development of cancer may be the key to finding a cure. Dr. Mulder’s method for screening expression libraries •Top panel: total cell lysates confirm position of RI and has isolated a novel protein involved in the TGF RII (lane 2). Banding noted in Lane 5 indicates km23 signaling pathway, named km2 ...
... development of cancer may be the key to finding a cure. Dr. Mulder’s method for screening expression libraries •Top panel: total cell lysates confirm position of RI and has isolated a novel protein involved in the TGF RII (lane 2). Banding noted in Lane 5 indicates km23 signaling pathway, named km2 ...
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... I have shown that the Rho GTPase Cdc42 controls the spreading of B cells, whereas two other molecules in the same family, Rac1 and Rac2, control homotypic adhesion. Further, I have shown ...
... I have shown that the Rho GTPase Cdc42 controls the spreading of B cells, whereas two other molecules in the same family, Rac1 and Rac2, control homotypic adhesion. Further, I have shown ...
TR3 is preferentially expressed by bulge epithelial stem
... TR3 is an orphan member of the steroid/thyroid/retinoid nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and it plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis. The expression and function of TR3 in skin have not been well investigated. Using a cDNA expression assay, we discover th ...
... TR3 is an orphan member of the steroid/thyroid/retinoid nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and it plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis. The expression and function of TR3 in skin have not been well investigated. Using a cDNA expression assay, we discover th ...
Subcellular Localization and Activity of Multidrug
... some MDR substrates are naturally fluorescent, we could also monitor the cellular accumulation and subcellular distribution of MDR drugs as a function of drug transporter expression. Finally, when we transiently expressed fluorescent conjugates of MRP1 (Rajagopal et al., 2002), Pgp (Chen and Simon, ...
... some MDR substrates are naturally fluorescent, we could also monitor the cellular accumulation and subcellular distribution of MDR drugs as a function of drug transporter expression. Finally, when we transiently expressed fluorescent conjugates of MRP1 (Rajagopal et al., 2002), Pgp (Chen and Simon, ...
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... For ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of transferrin bound to the surfaces of cells in collagen gel culture, small pieces of gel containing cells that had been cultured for 3 days were washed in Tyrode's saline and fixed in 0-5% glutaraldehyde in 0 1 M-phosphate buffer, pH7-4, for 10min. Cells cul ...
... For ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of transferrin bound to the surfaces of cells in collagen gel culture, small pieces of gel containing cells that had been cultured for 3 days were washed in Tyrode's saline and fixed in 0-5% glutaraldehyde in 0 1 M-phosphate buffer, pH7-4, for 10min. Cells cul ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.