Epithelium of Mice T Cells in the Small Intestinal δγ with Variable
... ␥␦⫹ IEL later in postnatal life (24, 27, 28). A similar kinetic relationship was observed in adoptive transfer studies using cryptopatch- (26, 27) and bone marrow-derived cells (25, 29). In each case, restoration of cryptopatch aggregates preceded reconstitution of IEL. The absence, or the marginal ...
... ␥␦⫹ IEL later in postnatal life (24, 27, 28). A similar kinetic relationship was observed in adoptive transfer studies using cryptopatch- (26, 27) and bone marrow-derived cells (25, 29). In each case, restoration of cryptopatch aggregates preceded reconstitution of IEL. The absence, or the marginal ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... maintain lower steady-state cellular levels of ROS and exhibit up-regulated anti-oxidant defenses in comparison with the Wt) were found to be less susceptible than the Wt to cell death induced by treatment with SA or NO (generated from sodium nitroprusside; SNP) (Fig. 3C). On the other hand, the tra ...
... maintain lower steady-state cellular levels of ROS and exhibit up-regulated anti-oxidant defenses in comparison with the Wt) were found to be less susceptible than the Wt to cell death induced by treatment with SA or NO (generated from sodium nitroprusside; SNP) (Fig. 3C). On the other hand, the tra ...
Wilson, S. I., Graziano, E., Harland, R., Jessell, T. M., and - ICB-USP
... secreted inhibitors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated signalling have been implicated in neural induction. The precise roles, if any, that these factors play in neural induction in amniotes remains to be established. Results: To monitor the initial steps of neural induction in the chick e ...
... secreted inhibitors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated signalling have been implicated in neural induction. The precise roles, if any, that these factors play in neural induction in amniotes remains to be established. Results: To monitor the initial steps of neural induction in the chick e ...
Steven Lindow - Biocontrol 2016
... Large reduction in disease in DSF-producing plants: natural insect inoculation ...
... Large reduction in disease in DSF-producing plants: natural insect inoculation ...
Microtubule cortical array organization and plant cell morphogenesis
... [17]. Together, these results suggest that the translocation of microtubules by motor activity is not a significant mechanism in cortical array organization [25]. Microtubule attachment to the plasma membrane [17,18,26,27], possibly mediated by a phospholipase D-dependent mechanism [28], confines mi ...
... [17]. Together, these results suggest that the translocation of microtubules by motor activity is not a significant mechanism in cortical array organization [25]. Microtubule attachment to the plasma membrane [17,18,26,27], possibly mediated by a phospholipase D-dependent mechanism [28], confines mi ...
Characterization of chloroplasts in pavement cells of Arabidopsis
... The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leaves. It allowed direct observation of the subcellular environment around ...
... The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leaves. It allowed direct observation of the subcellular environment around ...
High-throughput functional genomics using
... recently been adapted for genome editing in many eukaryotic models (reviewed in REFS 50,51). Targeted genome engineering with Cas9 and other nucleases exploits endogenous DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways to create mutations at specific locations in the genome. Although there is a large ...
... recently been adapted for genome editing in many eukaryotic models (reviewed in REFS 50,51). Targeted genome engineering with Cas9 and other nucleases exploits endogenous DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways to create mutations at specific locations in the genome. Although there is a large ...
Translocation of Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors into
... Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successiv ...
... Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successiv ...
A Comparative Study of Collagen Matrix Density Effect on
... endothelial cells migrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), they undergo cell-type specific specialization, with tip cells forming filopodia to sense and migrate toward chemoattractants such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while stalk cells proliferate and form vascular tubes.15,23,49 ...
... endothelial cells migrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), they undergo cell-type specific specialization, with tip cells forming filopodia to sense and migrate toward chemoattractants such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while stalk cells proliferate and form vascular tubes.15,23,49 ...
The retinoblastoma homolog RBR1 mediates localization of the
... Lack of functional RBR1 leads to hypersensitivity against DNA DSB inducing agents and aluminum To analyze the role of RBR1 in DDR, we decided to use the previously described rbr1-2 mutant (Ebel et al, 2004; Chen et al, 2011). This mutant was earlier found to behave in a temperaturedependent manner; ...
... Lack of functional RBR1 leads to hypersensitivity against DNA DSB inducing agents and aluminum To analyze the role of RBR1 in DDR, we decided to use the previously described rbr1-2 mutant (Ebel et al, 2004; Chen et al, 2011). This mutant was earlier found to behave in a temperaturedependent manner; ...
Leading to a Mild Immunodeficiency Activator trans
... The expression of MHC class II molecules is essential for all Ag-dependent immune functions and is regulated at the transcriptional level. Four trans-acting proteins control the coordinate expression of MHC class II molecules: class II trans-activator (CIITA), regulatory factor binding to the X box ...
... The expression of MHC class II molecules is essential for all Ag-dependent immune functions and is regulated at the transcriptional level. Four trans-acting proteins control the coordinate expression of MHC class II molecules: class II trans-activator (CIITA), regulatory factor binding to the X box ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... thus corresponds to an increase of kinase activity and vice versa [10]. The lifetime of the donor fluorophore is also affected by a FRET event and decreases upon kinase activity. The purpose of optimizing such tools directly relies on kinase activity behavior. In fact, in some biological processes, ...
... thus corresponds to an increase of kinase activity and vice versa [10]. The lifetime of the donor fluorophore is also affected by a FRET event and decreases upon kinase activity. The purpose of optimizing such tools directly relies on kinase activity behavior. In fact, in some biological processes, ...
Quaternary ammonium surfactant structure determines selective
... taken prior to term. In the past two decades there have been a great number of reports concerning the bactericidal activity of surfactants against two of the major sexually transmitted pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.4 – 6 However, attempts to use surfactants as antiseptic ...
... taken prior to term. In the past two decades there have been a great number of reports concerning the bactericidal activity of surfactants against two of the major sexually transmitted pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.4 – 6 However, attempts to use surfactants as antiseptic ...
GALLOYLGLUCOSES OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS
... outlined by TA-metal deposition in the grooves which ~ A b b r e v i a t i o n s used in this paper: A, alcohol; ALD, separate the adjacent subunits, It is noteworthy that in aldehydes; DAB, diaminobenzidine (3,3', 4,4'-tetraasuch preparations the penetration of TA was frequently minobiphenyl); LMGG ...
... outlined by TA-metal deposition in the grooves which ~ A b b r e v i a t i o n s used in this paper: A, alcohol; ALD, separate the adjacent subunits, It is noteworthy that in aldehydes; DAB, diaminobenzidine (3,3', 4,4'-tetraasuch preparations the penetration of TA was frequently minobiphenyl); LMGG ...
Plant ER geometry and dynamics: A complex web of cytoskeletal
... The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the starting point for the secretory pathway and can be viewed as a biosynthetic hub within the cell. It consists of a large interconnected network of flattened cisternal regions (also referred to as sheets) and tubules, which form three-way junctions and blunt ends ...
... The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the starting point for the secretory pathway and can be viewed as a biosynthetic hub within the cell. It consists of a large interconnected network of flattened cisternal regions (also referred to as sheets) and tubules, which form three-way junctions and blunt ends ...
PDF
... cartilage elements were observed in all cultures and 65-75 % contained four or more elements. Cartilage morphogenesis was greater in the CAM grafts and, when the grafts formed identifiable wings, elements could be identified as intrinsic limb cartilages, including autopodial elements. Membranous bon ...
... cartilage elements were observed in all cultures and 65-75 % contained four or more elements. Cartilage morphogenesis was greater in the CAM grafts and, when the grafts formed identifiable wings, elements could be identified as intrinsic limb cartilages, including autopodial elements. Membranous bon ...
Overexpression of Ferredoxin, PETF, Enhances Tolerance to Heat
... they can cause oxidative damage to cells [3,4]. To counter the threat of oxidative damage under various environmental stresses, plants have developed ROS-scavenging mechanisms to eliminate ROS [5,6]. By combining antioxidant enzymes with antioxidants, plant cells can detoxify hydrogen peroxide and s ...
... they can cause oxidative damage to cells [3,4]. To counter the threat of oxidative damage under various environmental stresses, plants have developed ROS-scavenging mechanisms to eliminate ROS [5,6]. By combining antioxidant enzymes with antioxidants, plant cells can detoxify hydrogen peroxide and s ...
$doc.title
... the uterus. This potential is contained in the genetic material inherited from the two gametes it arises from. Nevertheless, the uniqueness of the zygote lies in being the cell initiating the tight and precise genome transcriptional and translational regulation program that will be inherited and pro ...
... the uterus. This potential is contained in the genetic material inherited from the two gametes it arises from. Nevertheless, the uniqueness of the zygote lies in being the cell initiating the tight and precise genome transcriptional and translational regulation program that will be inherited and pro ...
Cardiac muscle
... from the autonomic nervous system increases or decreases the level of this spontaneous activity. (In certain other locations, such as the iris of the eye, neural control is more direct and precise.) Consult your textbook for more information, including molecular details of contraction and control me ...
... from the autonomic nervous system increases or decreases the level of this spontaneous activity. (In certain other locations, such as the iris of the eye, neural control is more direct and precise.) Consult your textbook for more information, including molecular details of contraction and control me ...
Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to
... are important for understanding the origins of multicellularity [2]. Recent studies show that many genes and signalling pathways related to multicellularity in animals actually predate the origin of Metazoa and even Opisthokonta [23–28]. One of the most notable examples is that of integrin-mediated ...
... are important for understanding the origins of multicellularity [2]. Recent studies show that many genes and signalling pathways related to multicellularity in animals actually predate the origin of Metazoa and even Opisthokonta [23–28]. One of the most notable examples is that of integrin-mediated ...
Extended PDF
... was carried out to follow the formation of the GFP gradient at a single-cell level. gfp+ and gfp cells were mixed, applied to an agarose pad, and their growth and fluorescence were monitored. Immediately after mixing (t0 min), the fluorescence signal was confined to the gfp+ cells and no detectable ...
... was carried out to follow the formation of the GFP gradient at a single-cell level. gfp+ and gfp cells were mixed, applied to an agarose pad, and their growth and fluorescence were monitored. Immediately after mixing (t0 min), the fluorescence signal was confined to the gfp+ cells and no detectable ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... do not contribute to mesoderm (Fig. 2). There are notable exceptions: in the leech Helobdella the primary quartet cells a’, b’ and c’ (= 1a, 1b, and 1c) contribute muscle fibers to the proboscis as well as epidermal and neuronal cells in the prostomium (Huang et al., 2002). Furthermore, progeny of c ...
... do not contribute to mesoderm (Fig. 2). There are notable exceptions: in the leech Helobdella the primary quartet cells a’, b’ and c’ (= 1a, 1b, and 1c) contribute muscle fibers to the proboscis as well as epidermal and neuronal cells in the prostomium (Huang et al., 2002). Furthermore, progeny of c ...
Dissection of autophagy in tobacco BY-2 cells
... larger than those in yeast cells. Similar images have been reported in cells of Arabidopsis roots and hypocotyls treated with concanamycin, and in these reports, cytoplasmic drops were thought to be formed in the same manner as in yeast cells.18,20 Besides membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic drops, membra ...
... larger than those in yeast cells. Similar images have been reported in cells of Arabidopsis roots and hypocotyls treated with concanamycin, and in these reports, cytoplasmic drops were thought to be formed in the same manner as in yeast cells.18,20 Besides membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic drops, membra ...
Lecture_8
... haploinsufficiency has been gaining in appreciation as an important influence on human disease ...
... haploinsufficiency has been gaining in appreciation as an important influence on human disease ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.