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... scheme for epithelial-dependent traffic of immune cells into the airway. This model depends on at least one major ligand for cell adhesion, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and another for chemotaxis, i.e., regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chem ...
... scheme for epithelial-dependent traffic of immune cells into the airway. This model depends on at least one major ligand for cell adhesion, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and another for chemotaxis, i.e., regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chem ...
Tensile Properties of Arabidopsis Cell Walls Depend on Both a
... phenotype in the mur1-1 hypocotyl or of further impairing its tensile properties by manipulating borate concentrations was investigated. Tensile tests were performed on mur1-1 and wild-type hypocotyls grown on Murashige and Skoog medium with five different concentrations of boric acid: 0, 0.1, 1.3, ...
... phenotype in the mur1-1 hypocotyl or of further impairing its tensile properties by manipulating borate concentrations was investigated. Tensile tests were performed on mur1-1 and wild-type hypocotyls grown on Murashige and Skoog medium with five different concentrations of boric acid: 0, 0.1, 1.3, ...
- Wiley Online Library
... and differentiation, has been shown to significantly increase the size of myoblast engraftment territory in a regenerating model [11]. The importance of satellite cell migration for tissue regeneration is evident from animal models and human trials using myoblast injection aimed at restoring muscle f ...
... and differentiation, has been shown to significantly increase the size of myoblast engraftment territory in a regenerating model [11]. The importance of satellite cell migration for tissue regeneration is evident from animal models and human trials using myoblast injection aimed at restoring muscle f ...
Early Development
... differentiate into dorsal mesoderm induce formation of paraxial mesoderm induce formation of neural tube initiate gastrulation movements ...
... differentiate into dorsal mesoderm induce formation of paraxial mesoderm induce formation of neural tube initiate gastrulation movements ...
Final Draft
... by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The discharge of the capsules was controlled lightmicroscopically after preparation on the glass slides. Fig. 5 exemplarily shows a discharged A-isorhiza embedded in sinapinic acid crystals. The resulting mass spectrometric data were sufficient if at least three singl ...
... by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The discharge of the capsules was controlled lightmicroscopically after preparation on the glass slides. Fig. 5 exemplarily shows a discharged A-isorhiza embedded in sinapinic acid crystals. The resulting mass spectrometric data were sufficient if at least three singl ...
Distinct domains within Mash1 and Math1 are required
... Electroporation of a control expression vector at stage HH1416, followed by harvest 24 hours later, revealed electroporated cells throughout the ventricular zone as well as lateral to this zone on the electroporated side of the neural tube (Fig. 1A, red). In contrast, electroporation of expression v ...
... Electroporation of a control expression vector at stage HH1416, followed by harvest 24 hours later, revealed electroporated cells throughout the ventricular zone as well as lateral to this zone on the electroporated side of the neural tube (Fig. 1A, red). In contrast, electroporation of expression v ...
Tetramer Staining T Cells with Optimized HLA Class II + CD4
... CD4⫹ T cells in PBMC remained difficult, mainly because the cells are rare in peripheral blood (17–20). Virtually all studies reporting MHCII tetramer staining used high concentrations of tetramer (20 g/ml or more), long incubation times (1–5 h) and temperatures of 23 or 37°C (8 –10, 13–17, 21–27). ...
... CD4⫹ T cells in PBMC remained difficult, mainly because the cells are rare in peripheral blood (17–20). Virtually all studies reporting MHCII tetramer staining used high concentrations of tetramer (20 g/ml or more), long incubation times (1–5 h) and temperatures of 23 or 37°C (8 –10, 13–17, 21–27). ...
The dendritic cell side of the immunological synapse
... As described above, the structure of immunological synapses strongly depends on the cell types involved, the presence and strength of antigen recognition, and additional co-stimulatory interactions (10, 11, 17). Especially for the immunological synapse between DCs and T cells, there is mounting evid ...
... As described above, the structure of immunological synapses strongly depends on the cell types involved, the presence and strength of antigen recognition, and additional co-stimulatory interactions (10, 11, 17). Especially for the immunological synapse between DCs and T cells, there is mounting evid ...
Staphylococcal phenomics: metabolomic and proteomic responses
... tolerance in the microbial systems [36]. For example, when the ambient temperature decreases, extended expression of the σB factor is required for microbial survival as it assists in maintaining the growth rate of bacteria [37]. It has been shown by Onyango et al., 2012 that some pathogenic species ...
... tolerance in the microbial systems [36]. For example, when the ambient temperature decreases, extended expression of the σB factor is required for microbial survival as it assists in maintaining the growth rate of bacteria [37]. It has been shown by Onyango et al., 2012 that some pathogenic species ...
Evolution of developmental decisions and morphogenesis: the view
... 1991). The initial crucial step in an evolutionary innovation thus may be a suppression of part of an older program. The suppression event then resets the stage for additions to the modified feature, such as addition of head specializations to the .fused segments. The suppression of older genetic co ...
... 1991). The initial crucial step in an evolutionary innovation thus may be a suppression of part of an older program. The suppression event then resets the stage for additions to the modified feature, such as addition of head specializations to the .fused segments. The suppression of older genetic co ...
Origin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm
... understand gastrulation and its molecular regulation. In the first part of this review, we will therefore summarize different modes of gastrulation, that have been evolved in the different phyla. In the ...
... understand gastrulation and its molecular regulation. In the first part of this review, we will therefore summarize different modes of gastrulation, that have been evolved in the different phyla. In the ...
anatomy of begonia lucernae wettst. (begoniaceae) leaf
... plants (Hoover et al, 2004). These plants display a big variety of shapes, colours, patterns and textures in their leaves rarely seen in other groups of plants. Sheue et al. (2012) concluded that the variegation is structural, like the intracellular space, where the light areas were created by inter ...
... plants (Hoover et al, 2004). These plants display a big variety of shapes, colours, patterns and textures in their leaves rarely seen in other groups of plants. Sheue et al. (2012) concluded that the variegation is structural, like the intracellular space, where the light areas were created by inter ...
Controls T Cell Differentiation RAGE Ligation Affects T Cell
... It has also been suggested that RAGE ligation may affect adaptive immune responses, but the role of this pattern recognition receptor on T cells has not been well studied, and some investigations have failed to show a role of RAGE in adaptive responses (11). These studies and previous studies indica ...
... It has also been suggested that RAGE ligation may affect adaptive immune responses, but the role of this pattern recognition receptor on T cells has not been well studied, and some investigations have failed to show a role of RAGE in adaptive responses (11). These studies and previous studies indica ...
biomolecular_STRUCTURES
... Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
... Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
UVB induced cell cycle checkpoints in an early stage
... was detected within 12 h in the control non-irradiated cells. Cells irradiated in early G1, 4 h after release from G0, showed no S phase entrance for up to 20 h postirradiation (Figure 2). Recovery of G1-to-S phase progression was detected by 24 ± 36 h post irradiation (not shown). To determine the ...
... was detected within 12 h in the control non-irradiated cells. Cells irradiated in early G1, 4 h after release from G0, showed no S phase entrance for up to 20 h postirradiation (Figure 2). Recovery of G1-to-S phase progression was detected by 24 ± 36 h post irradiation (not shown). To determine the ...
Self-Assembled Monolayers That Resist the Adsorption of Proteins
... adhesion of bacteria. New materials that outperform existing materials would be useful. Perhaps more importantly, a clear understanding of the physical/organic chemistry of bacterial adhesion could provide guiding principles for the design of antibacterial surfaces. Adhesion of Mammalian Cells. Most ...
... adhesion of bacteria. New materials that outperform existing materials would be useful. Perhaps more importantly, a clear understanding of the physical/organic chemistry of bacterial adhesion could provide guiding principles for the design of antibacterial surfaces. Adhesion of Mammalian Cells. Most ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest (word)
... 3. THINK: ATP provides the body with energy. Give 3 examples of how ATP is used in organisms. ...
... 3. THINK: ATP provides the body with energy. Give 3 examples of how ATP is used in organisms. ...
Respiration Webquest
... 3. THINK: ATP provides the body with energy. Give 3 examples of how ATP is used in organisms. Cellular Respiration – Overview: Go to Cellular Respiration. Watch the animation The Big Picture. 4. Write down the reactants and products of cellular respiration in equation form (you may use words or chem ...
... 3. THINK: ATP provides the body with energy. Give 3 examples of how ATP is used in organisms. Cellular Respiration – Overview: Go to Cellular Respiration. Watch the animation The Big Picture. 4. Write down the reactants and products of cellular respiration in equation form (you may use words or chem ...
Pontin and Reptin regulate cell proliferation in early Xenopus
... Pontin (Tip49) and Reptin (Tip48) are highly conserved components of multimeric protein complexes important for chromatin remodelling and transcription. They interact with many different proteins including TATA box binding protein (TBP), b-catenin and c-Myc and thus, potentially modulate different p ...
... Pontin (Tip49) and Reptin (Tip48) are highly conserved components of multimeric protein complexes important for chromatin remodelling and transcription. They interact with many different proteins including TATA box binding protein (TBP), b-catenin and c-Myc and thus, potentially modulate different p ...
One-eyed pinhead regulates cell motility independent of Squint
... comes up between 4 and 5 hours postfertilization, initially overlapping with the maternal pattern of oep transcripts. At this time, both transcripts are uniformly expressed throughout the zebrafish blastoderm. However, by 5– 6 h, before the onset of gastrulation, expression becomes restricted to the ...
... comes up between 4 and 5 hours postfertilization, initially overlapping with the maternal pattern of oep transcripts. At this time, both transcripts are uniformly expressed throughout the zebrafish blastoderm. However, by 5– 6 h, before the onset of gastrulation, expression becomes restricted to the ...
Trainor - Master BMC
... Thus, the established definition of Developmental Biology is too narrow, as the process of development continues long after embryogenesis, throughout maturation, and even during aging. In fact, it could be argued that even when an organism ceases to function, developmental mechanisms still kick in t ...
... Thus, the established definition of Developmental Biology is too narrow, as the process of development continues long after embryogenesis, throughout maturation, and even during aging. In fact, it could be argued that even when an organism ceases to function, developmental mechanisms still kick in t ...
The prime cause of cancer.
... • If a lowered oxygen pressure during cell growth may cause cancer, or, more generally, if any inhibition of respiration during growth may cause cancer, then a next problem is to show why reduced respiration induces cancer. Since we already know that with a lowering of respiration fermentation resul ...
... • If a lowered oxygen pressure during cell growth may cause cancer, or, more generally, if any inhibition of respiration during growth may cause cancer, then a next problem is to show why reduced respiration induces cancer. Since we already know that with a lowering of respiration fermentation resul ...
Frost Resistance in Algae Cells
... Frost resistance in plant ce11s has long been the objective of investigations and various theories for the mechanism of resistance have been presented by many botanists (Levitt, 1956). With algae ce11s, however, research on frost resistance has been rather limited up to the present and the mechanism ...
... Frost resistance in plant ce11s has long been the objective of investigations and various theories for the mechanism of resistance have been presented by many botanists (Levitt, 1956). With algae ce11s, however, research on frost resistance has been rather limited up to the present and the mechanism ...
Association of Calmodulin and an Unconventional Myosin with the
... the eukaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum. Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved, calcium-binding protein found in all eukaryotic cells; it has been implicated in the regulation of many aspects of cellular metabolism and cell motility (reviewed in Manalan and Klee, 1984; Cohen and Klee ...
... the eukaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum. Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved, calcium-binding protein found in all eukaryotic cells; it has been implicated in the regulation of many aspects of cellular metabolism and cell motility (reviewed in Manalan and Klee, 1984; Cohen and Klee ...
AGI June 41/6 - American Journal of Physiology
... provide more accessible binding sites for microorganisms because they extend up to 500 nm from enterocyte plasma membranes and 20–30 nm from M cell membranes (10). They would thus be the first structures encountered by intestinal pathogens (25). Integral membrane mucins such as those of the enterocy ...
... provide more accessible binding sites for microorganisms because they extend up to 500 nm from enterocyte plasma membranes and 20–30 nm from M cell membranes (10). They would thus be the first structures encountered by intestinal pathogens (25). Integral membrane mucins such as those of the enterocy ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.