27-Bacteria and Archaea
... divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions, one reason it is used as a model organism in research. However, when growing in a human intestine, one of its natural environments, E. coli cells divide only once every 12–24 hours. But whether cell division occurs every 20 minutes or every few day ...
... divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions, one reason it is used as a model organism in research. However, when growing in a human intestine, one of its natural environments, E. coli cells divide only once every 12–24 hours. But whether cell division occurs every 20 minutes or every few day ...
Review Article Expression and Function of the Endocannabinoid
... that Jamaican fishermen smoke marijuana to improve dim light vision when fishing at night [15]. These results have been corroborated by another study that measured more precisely the night vision of Moroccan fishermen using cannabis to improve visual perception [16]. The authors noted increased nigh ...
... that Jamaican fishermen smoke marijuana to improve dim light vision when fishing at night [15]. These results have been corroborated by another study that measured more precisely the night vision of Moroccan fishermen using cannabis to improve visual perception [16]. The authors noted increased nigh ...
Phospholipase D promotes Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
... PLDs are ubiquitous enzymes which cleave phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM), both of which are abundant in the mammalian plasma membrane [17]. SM, with cholesterol and GPI-anchored proteins, predominantly partitions to lipid rafts, which are tightly packed, memb ...
... PLDs are ubiquitous enzymes which cleave phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM), both of which are abundant in the mammalian plasma membrane [17]. SM, with cholesterol and GPI-anchored proteins, predominantly partitions to lipid rafts, which are tightly packed, memb ...
Two Domains of the Human bZIP Transcription Factor
... originally isolated, both alternative transcription start sites and alternative poly(A) sites were observed. Several different isoforms caused by alternative splicing were isolated (1), one of them identical to the cDNA sequence of Nrf1 (2). In a later study another isoform was identified without th ...
... originally isolated, both alternative transcription start sites and alternative poly(A) sites were observed. Several different isoforms caused by alternative splicing were isolated (1), one of them identical to the cDNA sequence of Nrf1 (2). In a later study another isoform was identified without th ...
Phenotypic and dynamical transitions in model genetic networks II.
... then diffuse between cells, which would have specific receptors for them. However, if the interactions between such gene products are similar to those found in Drosophila, the number of changes required for switching from these indirect transduction routes to a diffusion-mediated mechanism seems for ...
... then diffuse between cells, which would have specific receptors for them. However, if the interactions between such gene products are similar to those found in Drosophila, the number of changes required for switching from these indirect transduction routes to a diffusion-mediated mechanism seems for ...
Ccbe1 regulates Vegfc-mediated induction of Vegfr3
... consistent with the expression of Vegfr3 in blood vascular endothelium in the early embryo. However, after midgestation, Vegfr3 expression becomes enriched in the developing lymphatic vasculature (Kaipainen et al., 1995) and Vegfr3 signaling is sufficient to initiate lymphangiogenesis (Veikkola et a ...
... consistent with the expression of Vegfr3 in blood vascular endothelium in the early embryo. However, after midgestation, Vegfr3 expression becomes enriched in the developing lymphatic vasculature (Kaipainen et al., 1995) and Vegfr3 signaling is sufficient to initiate lymphangiogenesis (Veikkola et a ...
Ciliogenesis and the DNA damage response: a stressful relationship
... stress signalling pathways. It is interesting to note that the core centriolar factor centrin 2 has both centriolar localisation and a major nuclear component. The latter functionally responds to UV-induced DNA damage and physically interacts with XPC to promote efficient repair of UV-induced DNA le ...
... stress signalling pathways. It is interesting to note that the core centriolar factor centrin 2 has both centriolar localisation and a major nuclear component. The latter functionally responds to UV-induced DNA damage and physically interacts with XPC to promote efficient repair of UV-induced DNA le ...
Capture of plasma membrane fragments from target
... they acquire membrane-anchored antigen in fragments of membrane).7,8 Trogocytosis has since also been reported for most other hematopoietic cells including natural killer (NK) cells (see RodaNavarro and Reyburn9 for a review), dendritic cells,10 monocytes,11,12 and neutrophils,13 indicating that ant ...
... they acquire membrane-anchored antigen in fragments of membrane).7,8 Trogocytosis has since also been reported for most other hematopoietic cells including natural killer (NK) cells (see RodaNavarro and Reyburn9 for a review), dendritic cells,10 monocytes,11,12 and neutrophils,13 indicating that ant ...
Localization of Collagenase at the Basal Plasma Membrane of a
... human cancer cell lines. In this report we describe the localization of interstitial collagenase at the basal plasma membrane of the human pancreatic cancer cell line RWP-I, using immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold labeling techniques. Collagenase was expressed on the extracellular fa ...
... human cancer cell lines. In this report we describe the localization of interstitial collagenase at the basal plasma membrane of the human pancreatic cancer cell line RWP-I, using immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold labeling techniques. Collagenase was expressed on the extracellular fa ...
Swimming behavior of the monotrichous bacterium Pseudomonas
... swim backward (backups), they sometimes follow the same path of the immediately preceding run (Between segment II and III), but often change the direction to an acute angle at transitions; with the next run deviated again from the backup path, a zig-zag trajectory was hence generated. Turn has only ...
... swim backward (backups), they sometimes follow the same path of the immediately preceding run (Between segment II and III), but often change the direction to an acute angle at transitions; with the next run deviated again from the backup path, a zig-zag trajectory was hence generated. Turn has only ...
RNA polymerase III component Rpc9 regulates
... noncoding RNAs (snRNAs) including 5S rRNA, tRNAs and 7SL RNA (Dieci et al., 2007). It is the most complex RNA polymerase, comprising 17 subunits with a total molecular mass of about 700 kDa (Schramm and Hernandez, 2002). The major snRNAs transcribed by Pol III are implicated in protein synthesis. As ...
... noncoding RNAs (snRNAs) including 5S rRNA, tRNAs and 7SL RNA (Dieci et al., 2007). It is the most complex RNA polymerase, comprising 17 subunits with a total molecular mass of about 700 kDa (Schramm and Hernandez, 2002). The major snRNAs transcribed by Pol III are implicated in protein synthesis. As ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... sites so close in their composition can be structurally and functionally so different. The underlying question is how their respective physiological or pathological roles are related to their distinct organization. ...
... sites so close in their composition can be structurally and functionally so different. The underlying question is how their respective physiological or pathological roles are related to their distinct organization. ...
Pseudorabies Virus: A Highly Specific
... fashion, but they receive segmental inputs from sympathetic preganglionic neurons which are topographically organized. Because the neural pathways of the SCG were already well worked out by electrophysiological techniques, we used this system to test the accuracy or the retrograde transneuronal vira ...
... fashion, but they receive segmental inputs from sympathetic preganglionic neurons which are topographically organized. Because the neural pathways of the SCG were already well worked out by electrophysiological techniques, we used this system to test the accuracy or the retrograde transneuronal vira ...
PLANT CELL WALL PROTEINS
... the pistil, CELP mRNAs gather in stylar cells delimiting the transmitting tissue, and in the ovary, they center in a narrow row of cells lining the placenta that are a continuation from the stylar transmitting tissue to which ovules are attached. The expression pattern of CELP mRNAs in these tissues ...
... the pistil, CELP mRNAs gather in stylar cells delimiting the transmitting tissue, and in the ovary, they center in a narrow row of cells lining the placenta that are a continuation from the stylar transmitting tissue to which ovules are attached. The expression pattern of CELP mRNAs in these tissues ...
Regulated protein degradation controls PKA function and cell
... through the lawn of cells as changes in cell shape in response to stimulation by the chemoattractant (Rietdorf et al. 1996; Ma et al. 1997). The initial wave patterns of culA null cells are similar to those of wild-type cells. However, at later times, multiple domains partially fuse, leading to the ...
... through the lawn of cells as changes in cell shape in response to stimulation by the chemoattractant (Rietdorf et al. 1996; Ma et al. 1997). The initial wave patterns of culA null cells are similar to those of wild-type cells. However, at later times, multiple domains partially fuse, leading to the ...
supplementary information
... concentrations in which the wildtype cells are always expressing invertase (less than or equal to 0.03%). b, To measure a possible metabolic cost of invertase expression we cocultured our wildtype cooperator and mutant cheater strains in glucose culture by daily serial dilution for three days. Dilut ...
... concentrations in which the wildtype cells are always expressing invertase (less than or equal to 0.03%). b, To measure a possible metabolic cost of invertase expression we cocultured our wildtype cooperator and mutant cheater strains in glucose culture by daily serial dilution for three days. Dilut ...
Photosynthetic acclimation in the context of structural constraints to
... photon m–2 s–1), or transferred from LL to HL for 1 week, as previously described (Amiard et al. 2005). In all cases, only fully expanded, mature leaves were characterized. Special care was taken to be sure that only leaves that were fully expanded prior to the transfer from LL to HL were characteri ...
... photon m–2 s–1), or transferred from LL to HL for 1 week, as previously described (Amiard et al. 2005). In all cases, only fully expanded, mature leaves were characterized. Special care was taken to be sure that only leaves that were fully expanded prior to the transfer from LL to HL were characteri ...
Thiorhodospira sibirica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic purple
... Lamellae could also form coils occupying the periphery of the cells as in Rhodocista centenaria or in Rhodopseudomonas palustris, but were not arranged in regular stacks as in known Ectothiorhodospira species. Globules of elemental sulfur were formed. They appeared outside the cells, peripherally at ...
... Lamellae could also form coils occupying the periphery of the cells as in Rhodocista centenaria or in Rhodopseudomonas palustris, but were not arranged in regular stacks as in known Ectothiorhodospira species. Globules of elemental sulfur were formed. They appeared outside the cells, peripherally at ...
The Development of Cooperative Associations Between Animals
... microbial disease (Levy, 1992). Unfortunately, during this early phase of antibiotic development, the plasticity of the bacterial genome was not appreciated, and now bacterial pathogens with multiple antibiotic resistances have arisen and present a threat as never before (Cohen, 1992; Neu, 1992). Ye ...
... microbial disease (Levy, 1992). Unfortunately, during this early phase of antibiotic development, the plasticity of the bacterial genome was not appreciated, and now bacterial pathogens with multiple antibiotic resistances have arisen and present a threat as never before (Cohen, 1992; Neu, 1992). Ye ...
midlife crisis encodes a conserved zinc
... mdlc RNAi results in ectopic Dpn+ neuroblast-like cells We initially observed ectopic Dpn+ cells in the mdlc RNAi central brain lobes in an RNAi screen (Carney et al., 2012). The screen used the neuroblast-specific worniu-Gal4 [wor-Gal4 (Albertson et al., 2004)] driving expression of UAS-Dcr2 to inc ...
... mdlc RNAi results in ectopic Dpn+ neuroblast-like cells We initially observed ectopic Dpn+ cells in the mdlc RNAi central brain lobes in an RNAi screen (Carney et al., 2012). The screen used the neuroblast-specific worniu-Gal4 [wor-Gal4 (Albertson et al., 2004)] driving expression of UAS-Dcr2 to inc ...
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... and composites. Honeycombs have prismatic cells, with the cell shape defined in the plane normal to the prism axis. The cells can be periodic (often hexagonal, but sometimes rectangular or triangular) or random (as in Voronoi honeycombs, generated by constructing the perpendicular bisectors between r ...
... and composites. Honeycombs have prismatic cells, with the cell shape defined in the plane normal to the prism axis. The cells can be periodic (often hexagonal, but sometimes rectangular or triangular) or random (as in Voronoi honeycombs, generated by constructing the perpendicular bisectors between r ...
jaf op den kamp*, w. van - Utrecht University Repository
... partly a function of the pH, which in medium B attains a lower value than in medium A, is borne out by the following experiments. Cells were grown in the glucose-free medium A at pH 7.2, which was adjusted to a value of 5.2 I h before harvesting the cells. This procedure caused a shift in the phosph ...
... partly a function of the pH, which in medium B attains a lower value than in medium A, is borne out by the following experiments. Cells were grown in the glucose-free medium A at pH 7.2, which was adjusted to a value of 5.2 I h before harvesting the cells. This procedure caused a shift in the phosph ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
Development of bacterial oxidative stress assays
... Several classes of bactericidal antibiotics increase oxidative stress in bacteria by upregulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are also produced by host immune cells as protection against infectious bacteria. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a defensive enzyme that ...
... Several classes of bactericidal antibiotics increase oxidative stress in bacteria by upregulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are also produced by host immune cells as protection against infectious bacteria. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a defensive enzyme that ...
View Full Page PDF - Physiological Reviews
... scheme for epithelial-dependent traffic of immune cells into the airway. This model depends on at least one major ligand for cell adhesion, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and another for chemotaxis, i.e., regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chem ...
... scheme for epithelial-dependent traffic of immune cells into the airway. This model depends on at least one major ligand for cell adhesion, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and another for chemotaxis, i.e., regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chem ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.