Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... water content is probably about 90^97% [2]. Further secreted products include enzymes and other proteins, bacteriocins, and low mass solutes and nucleic acid released through cell lysis. The lysis may occur either naturally with cell ageing or through the action of phage and bacteriocins. Pronounced ...
... water content is probably about 90^97% [2]. Further secreted products include enzymes and other proteins, bacteriocins, and low mass solutes and nucleic acid released through cell lysis. The lysis may occur either naturally with cell ageing or through the action of phage and bacteriocins. Pronounced ...
PDF
... 2004). In addition, peak levels of Hh promote Smo hyperphosphorylation that is modulated by a feedback loop involving downstream components Cos2 and Fused (Fu) (Claret et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2007). Activated Smo blocks CiFL phosphorylation and proteolytic processing required for generating CiREP, ...
... 2004). In addition, peak levels of Hh promote Smo hyperphosphorylation that is modulated by a feedback loop involving downstream components Cos2 and Fused (Fu) (Claret et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2007). Activated Smo blocks CiFL phosphorylation and proteolytic processing required for generating CiREP, ...
October 9, 2009 - Northwestern University
... clones of cDNA libraries constructed from RNA isolated from the expected and unexpected bands of IVT ss2.2s and ss2.2as. Indeed, whereas sequencing of RNAs from the expected band only identified sequences encoded by the respective DNA-template, the clones isolated from the unexpected bands contained ...
... clones of cDNA libraries constructed from RNA isolated from the expected and unexpected bands of IVT ss2.2s and ss2.2as. Indeed, whereas sequencing of RNAs from the expected band only identified sequences encoded by the respective DNA-template, the clones isolated from the unexpected bands contained ...
Separation of Bacteria, Protozoa and Carbon Nanotubes by Density
... microscopy (ESEM) images (Figure S1). MWCNTs appeared less tangled after probe-sonication which is expected based on the known effects of high-energy probe-sonication processes on MWCNTs [27]. Based on XPS performed previously [26], 6-h probe-sonication also increased the surface oxygen content of M ...
... microscopy (ESEM) images (Figure S1). MWCNTs appeared less tangled after probe-sonication which is expected based on the known effects of high-energy probe-sonication processes on MWCNTs [27]. Based on XPS performed previously [26], 6-h probe-sonication also increased the surface oxygen content of M ...
SCL and associated proteins distinguish active from
... selectively with GATA-1–activated genes in G1E-ER4 cells. G1E cells are erythroblasts that lack GATA-1 and are arrested in their maturation.51 G1E-ER4 cells were derived from G1E cells by stable introduction of GATA-1 fused to the ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (GATA-1-ER). Treatment ...
... selectively with GATA-1–activated genes in G1E-ER4 cells. G1E cells are erythroblasts that lack GATA-1 and are arrested in their maturation.51 G1E-ER4 cells were derived from G1E cells by stable introduction of GATA-1 fused to the ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (GATA-1-ER). Treatment ...
schoeneich_oxidants
... young people correlates with serum SCN- levels [19]. Furthermore smokers, who have high SCN- levels, have larger numbers of lipid-laden macrophages than non-smokers [20]. Unlike HOCl, which has been shown to react with a wide range of biological targets (though primarily proteins) [21-23], HOSCN rea ...
... young people correlates with serum SCN- levels [19]. Furthermore smokers, who have high SCN- levels, have larger numbers of lipid-laden macrophages than non-smokers [20]. Unlike HOCl, which has been shown to react with a wide range of biological targets (though primarily proteins) [21-23], HOSCN rea ...
Paraxial mesoderm specifies zebrafish primary motoneuron subtype
... hybridization suggested that many of them also expressed islet1. Therefore, these PMNs had a hybrid identity. In these cases we examined how many PMNs expressed islet1 by Islet antibody staining followed by islet1 in situ RNA hybridization; PMNs labeled by antibody alone express only Islet2, whereas ...
... hybridization suggested that many of them also expressed islet1. Therefore, these PMNs had a hybrid identity. In these cases we examined how many PMNs expressed islet1 by Islet antibody staining followed by islet1 in situ RNA hybridization; PMNs labeled by antibody alone express only Islet2, whereas ...
The dorsal neural tube organizes the dermamyotome
... spatial organization of inducing and responding tissues are close to normal, in contrast with previously employed tissue culture assays where these signals may be lost or altered. Results from a series of manipulations including dorsoventral rotation of the neural tube, extirpation of the dorsal neu ...
... spatial organization of inducing and responding tissues are close to normal, in contrast with previously employed tissue culture assays where these signals may be lost or altered. Results from a series of manipulations including dorsoventral rotation of the neural tube, extirpation of the dorsal neu ...
Polarization of the endomembrane system is an early event in fucoid
... tip-growing cells and this study focuses on formation and maintenance of a polarized endomembrane array in Silvetia zygotes. Zygotes of fucoid algae, genera Fucus and Silvetia, provide an excellent paradigm for investigating cell polarity establishment [5,6,11-13]. Symmetry in the egg is broken at f ...
... tip-growing cells and this study focuses on formation and maintenance of a polarized endomembrane array in Silvetia zygotes. Zygotes of fucoid algae, genera Fucus and Silvetia, provide an excellent paradigm for investigating cell polarity establishment [5,6,11-13]. Symmetry in the egg is broken at f ...
Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in X
... spliced and polyadenylated, and is exclusively nuclear and untranslated (Brockdorff et al. 1992; Brown et al. 1992). Multiple spliceforms exist, some of which appear to lack polyA tails (Brown et al 1991, 1992; Hong et al. 2000; Ma and Strauss 2005; Memili et al. 2001). Consistent with its classific ...
... spliced and polyadenylated, and is exclusively nuclear and untranslated (Brockdorff et al. 1992; Brown et al. 1992). Multiple spliceforms exist, some of which appear to lack polyA tails (Brown et al 1991, 1992; Hong et al. 2000; Ma and Strauss 2005; Memili et al. 2001). Consistent with its classific ...
C-terminal processing of yeast Spt7 occurs in the absence of
... complex is a prototype for transcriptional coactivators that interface between DNA binding transcriptional regulators, the chromosomal template and the basal transcriptional machinery [1]. SAGA is a dynamic entity, with components existing in subcomplexes having related but distinct functions [2-6]. ...
... complex is a prototype for transcriptional coactivators that interface between DNA binding transcriptional regulators, the chromosomal template and the basal transcriptional machinery [1]. SAGA is a dynamic entity, with components existing in subcomplexes having related but distinct functions [2-6]. ...
Olfactory Sensory Neurons Are Trophically Dependent on the
... basal cells (2 hr survival), the cohort of neurons born within one or two cell divisions of the incorporation of label by the basal cells (5 d survival), and the relative survival of that cohort as neuronal maturation proceeds (2 week survival) both in the presence and the absence of the olfactory b ...
... basal cells (2 hr survival), the cohort of neurons born within one or two cell divisions of the incorporation of label by the basal cells (5 d survival), and the relative survival of that cohort as neuronal maturation proceeds (2 week survival) both in the presence and the absence of the olfactory b ...
Exosomes: Implications in HIV-1 Pathogenesis
... mostly enhance infection or function as immune decoys [Figure 1]. In contrast, exosomes from uninfected cells or from HIV-1-seronegative biofluid have protective properties. For example, exosomes from HIV-1 infected macrophages sequester HIV-1 particles and have been shown to facilitate viral transf ...
... mostly enhance infection or function as immune decoys [Figure 1]. In contrast, exosomes from uninfected cells or from HIV-1-seronegative biofluid have protective properties. For example, exosomes from HIV-1 infected macrophages sequester HIV-1 particles and have been shown to facilitate viral transf ...
Intercellular Coupling Regulates the Period of the Segmentation Clock
... significantly from the average period of autonomous oscillations (Figure 1A). Although this has been studied in mathematical models, and in engineered systems of coupled lasers [8], examples of this scenario have not been identified in biological systems. The zebrafish segmentation clock may provide ...
... significantly from the average period of autonomous oscillations (Figure 1A). Although this has been studied in mathematical models, and in engineered systems of coupled lasers [8], examples of this scenario have not been identified in biological systems. The zebrafish segmentation clock may provide ...
Short- and long-range functions of Goosecoid in
... organizer, elicits partial secondary axes when expressed ventrally in Xenopus, similar to an organizer transplant. Although gsc is expressed in all vertebrate organizers examined, knockout studies in mouse suggested that it is not required for DV patterning. Moreover, experiments in Xenopus and zebr ...
... organizer, elicits partial secondary axes when expressed ventrally in Xenopus, similar to an organizer transplant. Although gsc is expressed in all vertebrate organizers examined, knockout studies in mouse suggested that it is not required for DV patterning. Moreover, experiments in Xenopus and zebr ...
NUBBIN and JAGGED define stamen and carpel
... An error in Fig. 4 was not corrected before the article went to press. Panel B should be labelled as wild type (WT) and panel C as jag nub. The legend should read: Similar to wild type (A), FIL expression in stage 6 jag nub stamens (C) is observed throughout the abaxial half. Although the FIL expres ...
... An error in Fig. 4 was not corrected before the article went to press. Panel B should be labelled as wild type (WT) and panel C as jag nub. The legend should read: Similar to wild type (A), FIL expression in stage 6 jag nub stamens (C) is observed throughout the abaxial half. Although the FIL expres ...
Nitric oxide cell signaling: S-nitrosation of Ras superfamily GTPases
... Received 29 December 2006; received in revised form 13 April 2007; accepted 18 April 2007 Available online 24 April 2007 Time for primary review 33 days ...
... Received 29 December 2006; received in revised form 13 April 2007; accepted 18 April 2007 Available online 24 April 2007 Time for primary review 33 days ...
Platelets Served with - The Journal of Immunology
... inner canalicular system, and this allows the platelet to significantly increase surface area upon activation. What has become clear over the last 50 years is that, in addition to their primary role in hemostasis, platelets are multifunctional and are key players in many other physiological and path ...
... inner canalicular system, and this allows the platelet to significantly increase surface area upon activation. What has become clear over the last 50 years is that, in addition to their primary role in hemostasis, platelets are multifunctional and are key players in many other physiological and path ...
A PP2A-B55 recognition signal controls substrate
... considerable focus on understanding the regulatory networks controlling kinase and phosphatase activity (Novak et al., 2010; Ferrell, 2013), how individual substrates for the same pathway are differentially regulated is still poorly understood. It has long been known that mitotic kinases, substrates ...
... considerable focus on understanding the regulatory networks controlling kinase and phosphatase activity (Novak et al., 2010; Ferrell, 2013), how individual substrates for the same pathway are differentially regulated is still poorly understood. It has long been known that mitotic kinases, substrates ...
Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal
... maintains signaling pathway specificity by binding selectively Ste7p and not Pbs2p (120, 242). Conversely, Pbs2p, in addition to serving as a MEK, has intrinsic scaffold properties, selectively binding Ste11p and the osmosensing MAPK Hog1p. Pbs2p does not bind Fus3p, and thus Pbs2p maintains signali ...
... maintains signaling pathway specificity by binding selectively Ste7p and not Pbs2p (120, 242). Conversely, Pbs2p, in addition to serving as a MEK, has intrinsic scaffold properties, selectively binding Ste11p and the osmosensing MAPK Hog1p. Pbs2p does not bind Fus3p, and thus Pbs2p maintains signali ...
Inhibitory Regulation of Higher-Plant Myosin by
... was not reversible upon Ca21 removal. An 18-kD polypeptide that showed the same mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as that of spinach calmodulin (CaM) was present in this myosin fraction. This polypeptide showed a mobility shift in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla ...
... was not reversible upon Ca21 removal. An 18-kD polypeptide that showed the same mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as that of spinach calmodulin (CaM) was present in this myosin fraction. This polypeptide showed a mobility shift in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla ...
–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1 Induction of stable ER potassium channels
... suggesting that the channel takes on a non-traditional function that is not related to the regulation of action potentials, which requires a high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a growing list of ion channels that possess functions unrelated ...
... suggesting that the channel takes on a non-traditional function that is not related to the regulation of action potentials, which requires a high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a growing list of ion channels that possess functions unrelated ...
High-resolution imaging of cardiomyocyte behavior
... series of complex morphogenetic processes that transforms it from a simple myocardial epithelium to the complex 3D structure required for its function. One of these processes leads to the formation of trabeculae to optimize the internal structure of the ventricle for efficient conduction and contrac ...
... series of complex morphogenetic processes that transforms it from a simple myocardial epithelium to the complex 3D structure required for its function. One of these processes leads to the formation of trabeculae to optimize the internal structure of the ventricle for efficient conduction and contrac ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.