Profilin association with monomeric actin in
... at 22°C, mixed with 10 ml of ice-cold extraction buffer and lysed with 18 strokes of a Dounce homogenizer. Separate 1.0 ml samples of the crude cell homogenate were kept on ice (extract sample), centrifuged at 16,000 g in an Eppendorf 5415C microfuge for 5 minutes at 4°C to yield a low speed superna ...
... at 22°C, mixed with 10 ml of ice-cold extraction buffer and lysed with 18 strokes of a Dounce homogenizer. Separate 1.0 ml samples of the crude cell homogenate were kept on ice (extract sample), centrifuged at 16,000 g in an Eppendorf 5415C microfuge for 5 minutes at 4°C to yield a low speed superna ...
Full Text - Labs / Projects - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Drosophila Rho1 A hybridoma fusion was conducted to recover monoclonal antibodies from mice immunized with a full length Drosophila Rho1-glutathione-S transferase (GST) fusion protein. Western analysis of GST fusion proteins of the Drosophila Rho family m ...
... Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Drosophila Rho1 A hybridoma fusion was conducted to recover monoclonal antibodies from mice immunized with a full length Drosophila Rho1-glutathione-S transferase (GST) fusion protein. Western analysis of GST fusion proteins of the Drosophila Rho family m ...
Ectopic Expression of AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis Plants
... in the biosynthesis or signal transduction pathways of these hormones often exhibit defects in cell expansion. Recently, additional genes with roles in controlling cell expansion have been identified [Hanzawa et al., 1997; Kim et al., 1998; Sablowski and Meyerowitz, 1998; Wilson et al., 1996]. Where ...
... in the biosynthesis or signal transduction pathways of these hormones often exhibit defects in cell expansion. Recently, additional genes with roles in controlling cell expansion have been identified [Hanzawa et al., 1997; Kim et al., 1998; Sablowski and Meyerowitz, 1998; Wilson et al., 1996]. Where ...
Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone
... in the absence and presence of T4. No differences in total actin content were observed, and ⬎90% of the immunoreactive actin was found in the Triton-insoluble pellet in both thyroid hormone-deficient and T4-treated cells as determined by densitometry (data not shown). In control experiments, no spec ...
... in the absence and presence of T4. No differences in total actin content were observed, and ⬎90% of the immunoreactive actin was found in the Triton-insoluble pellet in both thyroid hormone-deficient and T4-treated cells as determined by densitometry (data not shown). In control experiments, no spec ...
mechanisms regulating neuromuscular junction development and
... derived from experiments using either mice or rats. While numerous differences to human NMJs exist in their morphology and the time course of their development, molecular concepts derived from rodent NMJs have often been validated by the identification of the same genes being causative for acquired ...
... derived from experiments using either mice or rats. While numerous differences to human NMJs exist in their morphology and the time course of their development, molecular concepts derived from rodent NMJs have often been validated by the identification of the same genes being causative for acquired ...
Selective and differential interactions of BNN27
... neurons in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in NGF null mice, 2) to test its potency to intervene in the neuronal pathways conveying hyperalgesia in vivo, 3) to define the ability of BNN27 to interact with and activate TrkA receptors and the exact post-receptor cellular mechanisms by which it affects NGF-s ...
... neurons in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in NGF null mice, 2) to test its potency to intervene in the neuronal pathways conveying hyperalgesia in vivo, 3) to define the ability of BNN27 to interact with and activate TrkA receptors and the exact post-receptor cellular mechanisms by which it affects NGF-s ...
Whole-tree and tension wood-associated expression profiles of microRNAs in Eucalyptus Grant R. McNair
... strictly co-regulated, as well as independently regulated. The coordination of the strict regulation of xylogenesis is achieved through differential gene expression and numerous signalling molecules of which some have been identified. The exact mechanisms that control xylogenesis, particularly the g ...
... strictly co-regulated, as well as independently regulated. The coordination of the strict regulation of xylogenesis is achieved through differential gene expression and numerous signalling molecules of which some have been identified. The exact mechanisms that control xylogenesis, particularly the g ...
Induction of stable ER–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1
... suggesting that the channel takes on a non-traditional function that is not related to the regulation of action potentials, which requires a high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a growing list of ion channels that possess functions unrelated ...
... suggesting that the channel takes on a non-traditional function that is not related to the regulation of action potentials, which requires a high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a growing list of ion channels that possess functions unrelated ...
Physiology and molecular biology of petal senescence
... gene expression is related to plant defence. No genes have as yet been identified that are specific for cellular death. Degradation of macromolecules in the senescent cell is mainly due to autophagic processes in the vacuole, in addition to protein degradation in mitochondria, nuclei, and the cytopl ...
... gene expression is related to plant defence. No genes have as yet been identified that are specific for cellular death. Degradation of macromolecules in the senescent cell is mainly due to autophagic processes in the vacuole, in addition to protein degradation in mitochondria, nuclei, and the cytopl ...
Serum Factors from Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
... function(s) of these transporters, the functional relationship between ABCC6 and elastic fibers defects is obscure. The ABCC6 cDNA and transport activity of the encoded protein have recently been characterized (Kool et al., 1999; Ilias et al., 2002), but the true nature of the endogenous substrate(s ...
... function(s) of these transporters, the functional relationship between ABCC6 and elastic fibers defects is obscure. The ABCC6 cDNA and transport activity of the encoded protein have recently been characterized (Kool et al., 1999; Ilias et al., 2002), but the true nature of the endogenous substrate(s ...
Lignin biosynthesis in Norway spruce: from a model system to the tree
... developmental lignification were identified by a coordinated, high expression of certain genes within the gene families in all lignin-forming tissues. However, such coordinated expression was not found for peroxidase genes. We also studied stress-induced ...
... developmental lignification were identified by a coordinated, high expression of certain genes within the gene families in all lignin-forming tissues. However, such coordinated expression was not found for peroxidase genes. We also studied stress-induced ...
Regeneration and Phenotype That Promote Muscle Growth IL
... In addition to their capacity to exacerbate muscle damage, macrophages have been implicated in promoting muscle regeneration following acute muscle injuries or during increased muscle loading. For example, genetic ablation of CCR2 or its ligand (CCL2) greatly reduced the numbers of macrophages in mu ...
... In addition to their capacity to exacerbate muscle damage, macrophages have been implicated in promoting muscle regeneration following acute muscle injuries or during increased muscle loading. For example, genetic ablation of CCR2 or its ligand (CCL2) greatly reduced the numbers of macrophages in mu ...
Mucosal IL-10 and TGF-β play crucial roles in preventing LPS
... in maintaining human colonic mucosa homeostasis. Introduction It is largely unknown how the colonic mucosa can avoid overt inflammation, given that a single layer of polarized epithelial cells separates it from the luminal microflora, which possesses molecules in common with various pathogens. It wa ...
... in maintaining human colonic mucosa homeostasis. Introduction It is largely unknown how the colonic mucosa can avoid overt inflammation, given that a single layer of polarized epithelial cells separates it from the luminal microflora, which possesses molecules in common with various pathogens. It wa ...
The dehydratase ADT3 affects ROS homeostasis
... cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids. Interestingly, upregulation of the pathway ...
... cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids. Interestingly, upregulation of the pathway ...
Lateral root initiation is a probabilistic event whose frequency is set
... LRI throughout the root (Laskowski et al., 1995), and more recently by elegant experiments in which a clonal activation system was used to drive expression of the auxin biosynthetic enzyme iaaM in small patches of pericycle cells (Dubrovsky et al., 2008). The number of cells with enhanced auxin bios ...
... LRI throughout the root (Laskowski et al., 1995), and more recently by elegant experiments in which a clonal activation system was used to drive expression of the auxin biosynthetic enzyme iaaM in small patches of pericycle cells (Dubrovsky et al., 2008). The number of cells with enhanced auxin bios ...
Myosin XIK is a major player in cytoplasm dynamics and is regulated
... emerged when RabD1 and RabC2a were found to interact with the tail of MYA2 in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays (Hashimoto et al., 2008). The localization of RabC2a to peroxisomes suggested that these small GTPases can mediate and regulate the interaction of MYA2 and its cargo organelles (Hashim ...
... emerged when RabD1 and RabC2a were found to interact with the tail of MYA2 in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays (Hashimoto et al., 2008). The localization of RabC2a to peroxisomes suggested that these small GTPases can mediate and regulate the interaction of MYA2 and its cargo organelles (Hashim ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... dynamically restructured during the contraction cycles. Besides the contractile vacuole, the actin cytoskeleton is an important structural element for the stability of the zoospores and could even be responsible for the contractions of the contractile vacuole. It is formed out of star-like radiatin ...
... dynamically restructured during the contraction cycles. Besides the contractile vacuole, the actin cytoskeleton is an important structural element for the stability of the zoospores and could even be responsible for the contractions of the contractile vacuole. It is formed out of star-like radiatin ...
Lactase persistence DNA variant enhances
... Lactase persistence is a heritable, autosomal dominant, condition that results in a sustained ability to digest the milk sugar lactose throughout adulthood. The majority of the world’s human population experiences a decline in production of the digestive enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase during mat ...
... Lactase persistence is a heritable, autosomal dominant, condition that results in a sustained ability to digest the milk sugar lactose throughout adulthood. The majority of the world’s human population experiences a decline in production of the digestive enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase during mat ...
Lactase persistence DNA variant enhances
... Lactase persistence is a heritable, autosomal dominant, condition that results in a sustained ability to digest the milk sugar lactose throughout adulthood. The majority of the world’s human population experiences a decline in production of the digestive enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase during mat ...
... Lactase persistence is a heritable, autosomal dominant, condition that results in a sustained ability to digest the milk sugar lactose throughout adulthood. The majority of the world’s human population experiences a decline in production of the digestive enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase during mat ...
Bax cleavage is mediated by calpain during drug-induced
... screened for their ability to block p21 Bax cleavage (Figure 2b). Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the cysteine class of protease inhibitors E-64, leupeptin, IAA, NEM and substantially blocked by the tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk (Lazebnik et al., 1994). The activity wa ...
... screened for their ability to block p21 Bax cleavage (Figure 2b). Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the cysteine class of protease inhibitors E-64, leupeptin, IAA, NEM and substantially blocked by the tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk (Lazebnik et al., 1994). The activity wa ...
Odd-paired controls frequency doubling in Drosophila segmentation
... perspective (reviewed in Jaeger 2009; Grimm et al. 2010; Jaeger 2011), we do not yet have a good systems-level understanding of the pair-rule gene network (Jaeger 2009). This appears to be a missed opportunity: not only do the pair-rule genes exhibit fascinating transcriptional regulation, but their ...
... perspective (reviewed in Jaeger 2009; Grimm et al. 2010; Jaeger 2011), we do not yet have a good systems-level understanding of the pair-rule gene network (Jaeger 2009). This appears to be a missed opportunity: not only do the pair-rule genes exhibit fascinating transcriptional regulation, but their ...
The yolk syncytial layer regulates myocardial
... clone is identical to the previously reported transcription factor gene mtx1 (Hirata et al., 2000). mtx1 is a Mix-type homeobox gene that is expressed exclusively in the YSL from the oblong stage (3.7 hpf) until 80% epiboly (8.3 hpf) (Hirata et al., 2000) (data not shown). No mtx1 transcripts can be ...
... clone is identical to the previously reported transcription factor gene mtx1 (Hirata et al., 2000). mtx1 is a Mix-type homeobox gene that is expressed exclusively in the YSL from the oblong stage (3.7 hpf) until 80% epiboly (8.3 hpf) (Hirata et al., 2000) (data not shown). No mtx1 transcripts can be ...
From Myocarditis to Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of Inflammation
... biological activities that overlap, and there is considerable redundancy in actions. A given cytokine can activate a variety of cell types. Such interactions are further amplified by the capacity of some cytokines to act as potent inducers of other cytokines. Thus, most cytokines exert both benefici ...
... biological activities that overlap, and there is considerable redundancy in actions. A given cytokine can activate a variety of cell types. Such interactions are further amplified by the capacity of some cytokines to act as potent inducers of other cytokines. Thus, most cytokines exert both benefici ...
Research and Development
... demonstration of such a clear relationship between a measurable factor and bruise susceptibility. The method of detection of bruise susceptibility is relatively simple and is based on an assay specific for the superoxide radical. The level of radical generation is measured using a dye which changes ...
... demonstration of such a clear relationship between a measurable factor and bruise susceptibility. The method of detection of bruise susceptibility is relatively simple and is based on an assay specific for the superoxide radical. The level of radical generation is measured using a dye which changes ...
MEF2 and HDAC Proteins Regulate Striated Muscle
... The MEF2 family.............................................................................................................. 37 Regulation of MEF2 activity by post-translational modifications.................................... 40 Modulation of MEF2 activity by class II HDACs ...................... ...
... The MEF2 family.............................................................................................................. 37 Regulation of MEF2 activity by post-translational modifications.................................... 40 Modulation of MEF2 activity by class II HDACs ...................... ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.