Interactions of Elongation Factor 1 Cell Protrusions with F-Actin and
... delocalized -actin mRNA may not synthesize sufficient actin to maintain actin filament polymerization over a period of time longer than the duration of the initial protrusion. As a result, the cells would have a slower rate of migration. Alternatively, the site of actin synthesis (and of other func ...
... delocalized -actin mRNA may not synthesize sufficient actin to maintain actin filament polymerization over a period of time longer than the duration of the initial protrusion. As a result, the cells would have a slower rate of migration. Alternatively, the site of actin synthesis (and of other func ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... regulating cadherin clustering. In addition to these seemingly opposing effects on cell adhesion, other studies suggested that the JM domain influences cadherin-mediated cell migration and axon outgrowth (for review see Anastasiadis and Reynolds, 2000). The JM region may modulate adhesion by serving ...
... regulating cadherin clustering. In addition to these seemingly opposing effects on cell adhesion, other studies suggested that the JM domain influences cadherin-mediated cell migration and axon outgrowth (for review see Anastasiadis and Reynolds, 2000). The JM region may modulate adhesion by serving ...
Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on motoneuron survival
... N.Y.), the number of rescued facial neurons reaches virtually 100 %. This indicates that alllesioned motoneurons respond to CNTF. From these data we conclude that CNTF supports the survival of adult motoneurons under pathophysiological conditions, rather than embryonic motoneurons during the period ...
... N.Y.), the number of rescued facial neurons reaches virtually 100 %. This indicates that alllesioned motoneurons respond to CNTF. From these data we conclude that CNTF supports the survival of adult motoneurons under pathophysiological conditions, rather than embryonic motoneurons during the period ...
A single-headed fission yeast myosin V transports actin in a
... tail called the rod, a domain that typically forms an α-helical coiled coil. The propensity to form an α-helical coiled coil is based on the strength of the heptad repeat, a seven–amino acid motif in which the first and fourth positions, which form the internal seam of the coiled coil, are small hyd ...
... tail called the rod, a domain that typically forms an α-helical coiled coil. The propensity to form an α-helical coiled coil is based on the strength of the heptad repeat, a seven–amino acid motif in which the first and fourth positions, which form the internal seam of the coiled coil, are small hyd ...
Negative regulators of integrin activity - Journal of Cell Science
... Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors composed of a- and b-subunits. They are ubiquitously expressed and have key roles in a number of important biological processes, such as development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis and immunological responses. The activity of integrins, ...
... Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors composed of a- and b-subunits. They are ubiquitously expressed and have key roles in a number of important biological processes, such as development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis and immunological responses. The activity of integrins, ...
Serrated carcinomas form a subclass of colorectal cancer with
... categories with a P-value o0.01, of which five belonged to categories linked to morphogenesis (morphogenesis and organogenesis) and membrane-associated genes (membrane, integral to membrane and integral to plasma membrane). A detailed description of the groups is provided in Supplementary Table S2. H ...
... categories with a P-value o0.01, of which five belonged to categories linked to morphogenesis (morphogenesis and organogenesis) and membrane-associated genes (membrane, integral to membrane and integral to plasma membrane). A detailed description of the groups is provided in Supplementary Table S2. H ...
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... The imaginal wing discs of Drosophila, the precursors of the wings and most of the mesothorax, are a classical system in which to study the allocation of different subsets of cells to diverse developmental fates, i.e. body wall (dorsal mesothorax) or appendage (wing). Although we still lack a compre ...
... The imaginal wing discs of Drosophila, the precursors of the wings and most of the mesothorax, are a classical system in which to study the allocation of different subsets of cells to diverse developmental fates, i.e. body wall (dorsal mesothorax) or appendage (wing). Although we still lack a compre ...
Induction and Fixation of Polarity -Early Steps in Plant Morphogenesis
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
Responses of plant vascular systems to auxin transport
... One peculiarity of vascular tissue induction by IAA is that it occurs in a linear manner: locally applied IAA induces a new vascular strand extending basally from the site of application (Sachs, 1991). The observation is intriguing in three respects: first, the differentiation occurs along a narrow ...
... One peculiarity of vascular tissue induction by IAA is that it occurs in a linear manner: locally applied IAA induces a new vascular strand extending basally from the site of application (Sachs, 1991). The observation is intriguing in three respects: first, the differentiation occurs along a narrow ...
The intercalated disc-associated Xin family of proteins in cardiac
... mechanical and electrical communication among adjacent cardiomyocytes. More recently, it has been increasingly realized that ICDs also function in signal transduction and regulation of the surface expression of ion channels. Accordingly, defects of ICD components are shown to cause a number of human ...
... mechanical and electrical communication among adjacent cardiomyocytes. More recently, it has been increasingly realized that ICDs also function in signal transduction and regulation of the surface expression of ion channels. Accordingly, defects of ICD components are shown to cause a number of human ...
Airway surface liquid pH in well-differentiated airway - AJP-Cell
... by brief sonication) was added onto the ASL to change pH by 0.4–0.5 pH units. In some experiments, transport inhibitors were added to the perfusate or to both the perfusate and the ASL as described in RESULTS. Measurements in mouse trachea in vivo. Mice (25–35 g body wt) were anesthetized with ketam ...
... by brief sonication) was added onto the ASL to change pH by 0.4–0.5 pH units. In some experiments, transport inhibitors were added to the perfusate or to both the perfusate and the ASL as described in RESULTS. Measurements in mouse trachea in vivo. Mice (25–35 g body wt) were anesthetized with ketam ...
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine facilitates age
... Values are means ⫾ SE (n ⫽ 7–10/group). WT, wild-type; BW, body weight; LV, left ventricle; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; mean wall thickness, the average of the interventricular septal wall thickness and LV posterior wall thickness; r ...
... Values are means ⫾ SE (n ⫽ 7–10/group). WT, wild-type; BW, body weight; LV, left ventricle; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; mean wall thickness, the average of the interventricular septal wall thickness and LV posterior wall thickness; r ...
golgi apparatus, gerl, and lysosomes of neurons in rat dorsal root
... New insights into the ultrastructure and phosphatase localizations of Golgi apparatus and GERL, and into the probable origin of lysosomes in the neurons of fetal dorsal root ganglia and the small neurons of adult ganglia have come from studying thick (0 .5-1 .0 µ) as well as thin (up to 500 A) secti ...
... New insights into the ultrastructure and phosphatase localizations of Golgi apparatus and GERL, and into the probable origin of lysosomes in the neurons of fetal dorsal root ganglia and the small neurons of adult ganglia have come from studying thick (0 .5-1 .0 µ) as well as thin (up to 500 A) secti ...
Mathematical Biology
... into a network (alpha-actinin, filamin) or promote nucleation and side-branching (Arp2/3). Mechanisms that regulate these events are still not well understood (Bailly et al., 1999). Further, how the details of the picture fit together into a coordinated whole is still unclear. One of the controversi ...
... into a network (alpha-actinin, filamin) or promote nucleation and side-branching (Arp2/3). Mechanisms that regulate these events are still not well understood (Bailly et al., 1999). Further, how the details of the picture fit together into a coordinated whole is still unclear. One of the controversi ...
The p57 CDKi integrates stress signals into cellcycle progression to
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
USING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) AS A SUBSTITUTE APPLICATIONS
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
Stochastic and reversible aggregation of mRNA with expanded CUG
... the lacZ–MS2–5CUG and lacZ–MS2–145CUG cell lines were infected with retroviral vector expressing MS2–GFP, and live-cell microscopy was performed at a rate of three images per second using a spinning disk confocal microscope, to visualize the dynamics of MS2–GFP tagged RNA particles (see supplementar ...
... the lacZ–MS2–5CUG and lacZ–MS2–145CUG cell lines were infected with retroviral vector expressing MS2–GFP, and live-cell microscopy was performed at a rate of three images per second using a spinning disk confocal microscope, to visualize the dynamics of MS2–GFP tagged RNA particles (see supplementar ...
Induction of floor plate differentiation by contact
... required for the differentiation of the floor plate and ventral neurons. The ability to induce a floor plate is, however, not restricted to the notochord. Grafts of the floor plate can also induce floor plate cells and motor neurons in vivo (Placzek et al., 1991; Yamada et al., 1991; Ericson et al., ...
... required for the differentiation of the floor plate and ventral neurons. The ability to induce a floor plate is, however, not restricted to the notochord. Grafts of the floor plate can also induce floor plate cells and motor neurons in vivo (Placzek et al., 1991; Yamada et al., 1991; Ericson et al., ...
Mechanisms for the Carcinostatic Activity of Se
... time and research efforts would make it clear that “the essential poison” was a part of several enzymes and proteins, found as the amino acid, selenocysteine. Within this same period of time, epidemiological evidence was also accumulating that a low dietary intake of selenium by humans may also be a ...
... time and research efforts would make it clear that “the essential poison” was a part of several enzymes and proteins, found as the amino acid, selenocysteine. Within this same period of time, epidemiological evidence was also accumulating that a low dietary intake of selenium by humans may also be a ...
Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in
... synthase path of sucrose cleavage also typically predominates over those involving invertases during the storage and maturation stages of organ development [65,66]. At least some of these developmental effects are likely to Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2004, 7:235–246 ...
... synthase path of sucrose cleavage also typically predominates over those involving invertases during the storage and maturation stages of organ development [65,66]. At least some of these developmental effects are likely to Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2004, 7:235–246 ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... stabilized, resulting in its interaction with Pangolin (Pan, a TCF/Lef1-type transcription factor), forming a stable transcriptional regulator that can be seen in the nucleus. Based on cell-culture assays, Drosophila Frizzled2 (DFz2) has been proposed to encode the Wg receptor (Bhanot et al. 1996), ...
... stabilized, resulting in its interaction with Pangolin (Pan, a TCF/Lef1-type transcription factor), forming a stable transcriptional regulator that can be seen in the nucleus. Based on cell-culture assays, Drosophila Frizzled2 (DFz2) has been proposed to encode the Wg receptor (Bhanot et al. 1996), ...
DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud
... is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) of the prospective limb field prior to the expression of Fgf8 in the prospective AER (Ohuchi et al., 1997). Fgf10 and other members of the Fgf family, are capable of inducing ectopic limb bud formation when applied to cells in the interlimb flank (Coh ...
... is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) of the prospective limb field prior to the expression of Fgf8 in the prospective AER (Ohuchi et al., 1997). Fgf10 and other members of the Fgf family, are capable of inducing ectopic limb bud formation when applied to cells in the interlimb flank (Coh ...
Cenp-A Presence in Drosophila - Institute of Molecular Life Sciences
... ¤ Current address: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ...
... ¤ Current address: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ...
First report on Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Red Sea off the
... alone. On the other hand, the non-significant difference in the physicochemical variables of Red Sea surface waters in the study region during 2004, 2005 and 2005 may have been due to the cyclic discharge of rainwater stored in ponds close to the sampling sites. The temperature (18–29◦ C) and salinity ...
... alone. On the other hand, the non-significant difference in the physicochemical variables of Red Sea surface waters in the study region during 2004, 2005 and 2005 may have been due to the cyclic discharge of rainwater stored in ponds close to the sampling sites. The temperature (18–29◦ C) and salinity ...
The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues
... time resulting in seasonally bare, leafless plants. These plants are referred to as deciduous plants. Decreasing day-length and colder temperature in autumn can initiate senescence of leaves in deciduous trees. With the beginning of senescence chlorophyll levels decrease and the photosynthetic capac ...
... time resulting in seasonally bare, leafless plants. These plants are referred to as deciduous plants. Decreasing day-length and colder temperature in autumn can initiate senescence of leaves in deciduous trees. With the beginning of senescence chlorophyll levels decrease and the photosynthetic capac ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.