Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
... particularly axon outgrowth and growth cone turning, neuronal migration, as well as axonal regeneration. It is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation through GSK3ß and PP2A, respectively [12–18]. Homozygous constitutive MAP1B knockout mice displayed striking developmental defects in the ...
... particularly axon outgrowth and growth cone turning, neuronal migration, as well as axonal regeneration. It is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation through GSK3ß and PP2A, respectively [12–18]. Homozygous constitutive MAP1B knockout mice displayed striking developmental defects in the ...
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... a negative regulator of thymus fate. In its absence, embryos lack Gcm2, downregulate Tbx1 and expand Bmp4 and Foxn1 expression throughout the developing primordium (Moore-Scott and Manley, 2005; Grevellec et al., 2011). We have previously proposed that BMP4 and SHH act in opposition to pattern the t ...
... a negative regulator of thymus fate. In its absence, embryos lack Gcm2, downregulate Tbx1 and expand Bmp4 and Foxn1 expression throughout the developing primordium (Moore-Scott and Manley, 2005; Grevellec et al., 2011). We have previously proposed that BMP4 and SHH act in opposition to pattern the t ...
zjawisko oddzia*ywania allelopatycznego sinic i glonów w
... growth and cell morphology of O. submarina. The greatest decrease of growth of O. submarina was observed after the addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from Synechococcus sp. and constituted about 87 % of their control. Suikkanen et al. (2006) indicate that Anabaena flos-aquae and N. spumigena fi ...
... growth and cell morphology of O. submarina. The greatest decrease of growth of O. submarina was observed after the addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from Synechococcus sp. and constituted about 87 % of their control. Suikkanen et al. (2006) indicate that Anabaena flos-aquae and N. spumigena fi ...
Effects of Lignification, Cellulose Crystallinity and Enzyme
... manner in which crystallin e microfibr il s are interconnec t ed with one anot her . In the past, microfibrils were thought to be interconnec ted by cell wall mat rix components (hem ice llul oses and lignin). Therefore, it was hypothe s ized that the major factor lim iting the cellul ose microfibri ...
... manner in which crystallin e microfibr il s are interconnec t ed with one anot her . In the past, microfibrils were thought to be interconnec ted by cell wall mat rix components (hem ice llul oses and lignin). Therefore, it was hypothe s ized that the major factor lim iting the cellul ose microfibri ...
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Actinomycin D on the Formation and
... Isolated Aleurone Layers Incubated with GA. Aleurone cells treated with GA for various periods of time from 9 to 66 hours underwent changes similar to those observed in aleurone cells from germinating grains. Development of stacked RER, which varied somewhat in time of appearance in different experi ...
... Isolated Aleurone Layers Incubated with GA. Aleurone cells treated with GA for various periods of time from 9 to 66 hours underwent changes similar to those observed in aleurone cells from germinating grains. Development of stacked RER, which varied somewhat in time of appearance in different experi ...
The Membrane Skeleton of a Unicellular Consists
... Organization of the Overlapping Region Representative thin sections of isolated cell surface are shown in Fig. 2, a and b, and details are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 b. Although the plasma membrane is continuous along the ridge and groove, the membrane skeleton is discontinuous and in fact con ...
... Organization of the Overlapping Region Representative thin sections of isolated cell surface are shown in Fig. 2, a and b, and details are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 b. Although the plasma membrane is continuous along the ridge and groove, the membrane skeleton is discontinuous and in fact con ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... and exocyst subunits throughout cytokinesis. CLUB/AtTRS130 and AtTRS120 GFP fusions, expressed under the control of ubiquitin and/or native promoters, were shown to be functional (Figures S1A–S1C available online) and found to reside on the cell plate (Figures 1A and 1B). As CLUB/AtTRS130 and AtTRS1 ...
... and exocyst subunits throughout cytokinesis. CLUB/AtTRS130 and AtTRS120 GFP fusions, expressed under the control of ubiquitin and/or native promoters, were shown to be functional (Figures S1A–S1C available online) and found to reside on the cell plate (Figures 1A and 1B). As CLUB/AtTRS130 and AtTRS1 ...
OF PISUM SATIVUM L. (a) Source of Material
... Fig. 3). As time progressed these coalesced so that each cell contained several large vacuoles by the end of phase 2. This differentiation and expansion of the vacuolar system coincided with the expansion of the cells. The long axis of the plastids increased from about 3 fk to 8 fk during phase 2. T ...
... Fig. 3). As time progressed these coalesced so that each cell contained several large vacuoles by the end of phase 2. This differentiation and expansion of the vacuolar system coincided with the expansion of the cells. The long axis of the plastids increased from about 3 fk to 8 fk during phase 2. T ...
The UDPase activity of the Kluyveromyces lactis Golgi GDPase has
... 1994). Ectoapyrases (E-ATPases) are enzymes that hydrolyze nucleoside tri- or diphosphates. An E-ATPase was recently cloned from S. cerevisiae, Ynd1p (Guillen et al., 1999). This protein also plays a role in Golgi mannosylation, and gda1ynd1 double mutants have a more severe phenotype than the singl ...
... 1994). Ectoapyrases (E-ATPases) are enzymes that hydrolyze nucleoside tri- or diphosphates. An E-ATPase was recently cloned from S. cerevisiae, Ynd1p (Guillen et al., 1999). This protein also plays a role in Golgi mannosylation, and gda1ynd1 double mutants have a more severe phenotype than the singl ...
Regulation of cdk2 Activity in Endothelial Cells That Are Inhibited
... Abstract—Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent in normal blood vessels but undergo rapid bursts of proliferation after vascular injury and during angiogenesis. Here we show that the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (cdk2), a key regulator of the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, is expressed a ...
... Abstract—Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent in normal blood vessels but undergo rapid bursts of proliferation after vascular injury and during angiogenesis. Here we show that the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (cdk2), a key regulator of the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, is expressed a ...
Peeping in on the cytoskeleton: light microscopy
... noise. Both these contribute to the greatly enhanced depth penetration achieved by TPCM. In addition, the longer red-shifted wavelengths are inherently less damaging to biological specimens than the more energetic shorter wavelengths. The other advantages of TPCM include the lack of pinholes and ass ...
... noise. Both these contribute to the greatly enhanced depth penetration achieved by TPCM. In addition, the longer red-shifted wavelengths are inherently less damaging to biological specimens than the more energetic shorter wavelengths. The other advantages of TPCM include the lack of pinholes and ass ...
G1 Phase-Dependent Expression of Bcl
... PBS and reculture in the growth medium. At each time point, onethird of the cells were harvested for Western blotting assay, onethird for cell cycle analysis, and one-third were treated for 3 or 24 h with either etoposide (50 M/ml), cisplatin (20 M/ml), or staurosporin (1 M/ml). After each treatm ...
... PBS and reculture in the growth medium. At each time point, onethird of the cells were harvested for Western blotting assay, onethird for cell cycle analysis, and one-third were treated for 3 or 24 h with either etoposide (50 M/ml), cisplatin (20 M/ml), or staurosporin (1 M/ml). After each treatm ...
Hornstein, E. - Weizmann Institute of Science
... We seek to gain insight into the role of miRNAs in key developmental events including differentiation, patterning and tissue size control and in miRNA contribution to the evolution of developmental pathways. The genomes of animals contain hundreds of miRNA genes, which encode for short regulatory RN ...
... We seek to gain insight into the role of miRNAs in key developmental events including differentiation, patterning and tissue size control and in miRNA contribution to the evolution of developmental pathways. The genomes of animals contain hundreds of miRNA genes, which encode for short regulatory RN ...
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony
... generation of humoral immune responses and also in the secretion of antibodies or other cytokines6. In case of cell mediated immunity, the hematopoietic progenitor cells differentiate into functional immune cells and their differentiation and proliferation also is regulated by different cytokines. T ...
... generation of humoral immune responses and also in the secretion of antibodies or other cytokines6. In case of cell mediated immunity, the hematopoietic progenitor cells differentiate into functional immune cells and their differentiation and proliferation also is regulated by different cytokines. T ...
Open Access - Scientific Research Publishing
... expansion during gravitropism may be directed by the applied mechanical stresses on the growing cells, mainly through the differential distribution of phyto-morphogens [10]. However, breaking growth symmetry would not be directly linked to the axis growth and developmental pace, which is substantial ...
... expansion during gravitropism may be directed by the applied mechanical stresses on the growing cells, mainly through the differential distribution of phyto-morphogens [10]. However, breaking growth symmetry would not be directly linked to the axis growth and developmental pace, which is substantial ...
A Critical Role for Egr-1 Characterization of CD44 Induction by IL-1:
... expression of a number of proinflammatory chemokines (18). This extends an earlier observation showing that HA fragments are capable of activating the transcription factor NF-kB (19), thereby suggesting that CD44 also signals downstream target genes involved in orchestrating the immune and inflammat ...
... expression of a number of proinflammatory chemokines (18). This extends an earlier observation showing that HA fragments are capable of activating the transcription factor NF-kB (19), thereby suggesting that CD44 also signals downstream target genes involved in orchestrating the immune and inflammat ...
12Macromolecular
... early-headfold embryo, amnion, and chorion surrounded by the VYS. Two conceptuses were placed in a 30-ml serum bottle containing 4 ml medium, incubated for 2 hr, then treated with TPA or DMSO, and cultured up to 28 additional hr. The culture medium consisted of 80% rat serum, which was immediately c ...
... early-headfold embryo, amnion, and chorion surrounded by the VYS. Two conceptuses were placed in a 30-ml serum bottle containing 4 ml medium, incubated for 2 hr, then treated with TPA or DMSO, and cultured up to 28 additional hr. The culture medium consisted of 80% rat serum, which was immediately c ...
Heat shock results in cell cycle delay and synchronisation of mitotic
... embryo (M13) occurs synchronously, following which nuclei undertake the 14th S-phase whilst undergoing cellularisation. The 14th mitoses occur in a series of 27 domains of which just two, domain 1 (M14δ1) and domain 25 (M14δ25), are indicated. In this study, embryos were selected at the three indica ...
... embryo (M13) occurs synchronously, following which nuclei undertake the 14th S-phase whilst undergoing cellularisation. The 14th mitoses occur in a series of 27 domains of which just two, domain 1 (M14δ1) and domain 25 (M14δ25), are indicated. In this study, embryos were selected at the three indica ...
Presentation by Human Dendritic Cells Killed, and Processed for
... Quantitation of intracellular growth of Hc yeasts in DC and M Intracellular growth of Hc yeasts in DC and M was quantified by the incorporation of [3H]leucine as described previously (16). DC were incubated at varying ratios of cells to yeasts (50/1, 10/1, and 5/1) in polypropylene tubes with 5 ⫻ ...
... Quantitation of intracellular growth of Hc yeasts in DC and M Intracellular growth of Hc yeasts in DC and M was quantified by the incorporation of [3H]leucine as described previously (16). DC were incubated at varying ratios of cells to yeasts (50/1, 10/1, and 5/1) in polypropylene tubes with 5 ⫻ ...
Physiological effects of long-term energy
... Respiration of starving cells. Respiration was measured indirectly by 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT; grade 1) reduction (Trevors et al. 1982). Triplicate samples (25 ml) of starving cells were transferred to 60 m1 serum bottles. Each sample received 2.5 m1 of IN ...
... Respiration of starving cells. Respiration was measured indirectly by 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT; grade 1) reduction (Trevors et al. 1982). Triplicate samples (25 ml) of starving cells were transferred to 60 m1 serum bottles. Each sample received 2.5 m1 of IN ...
BMP and Delta/Notch signaling control the development of
... The evolution of the nervous system in metazoan animals has been a topic of great interest. It is thought that the first nerve cell (neuron) evolved in a common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians, because neuronal cell types are absent in their sister group, the sponges (Galliot et al., 2009). A ...
... The evolution of the nervous system in metazoan animals has been a topic of great interest. It is thought that the first nerve cell (neuron) evolved in a common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians, because neuronal cell types are absent in their sister group, the sponges (Galliot et al., 2009). A ...
Zebrafish germ cell migration - Development
... show the morphological features characteristic of motile cells at all stages analyzed, including extension of numerous cellular processes (Fig. 3G-I, Movie 2 on-line). The migration patterns are highly dynamic: individual PGCs frequently change their speed, direction and position relative to each ot ...
... show the morphological features characteristic of motile cells at all stages analyzed, including extension of numerous cellular processes (Fig. 3G-I, Movie 2 on-line). The migration patterns are highly dynamic: individual PGCs frequently change their speed, direction and position relative to each ot ...
Research Article Ammonium-Dependent Shortening of CLS in Yeast
... leucine and histidine (Leu-His starved cells). Comparing these results with those from Figure 1(b) (removal of one amino acid at a time from the medium), it can be observed that survival of Leu- or His-starved cells in water with NH4 + was much lower than that of cells that were also starved for lys ...
... leucine and histidine (Leu-His starved cells). Comparing these results with those from Figure 1(b) (removal of one amino acid at a time from the medium), it can be observed that survival of Leu- or His-starved cells in water with NH4 + was much lower than that of cells that were also starved for lys ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.