Heterodimerization and Endocytosis of Arabidopsis
... exchange factor for small G-proteins of the auxin responsive factor class (ARF-GEF), GNOM (Geldner et al., 2003), and of sterol trafficking in Arabidopsis (Grebe et al., 2003) demonstrate the importance of endocytosis in plant development. Although previously demonstrated in plants (Horn et al., 198 ...
... exchange factor for small G-proteins of the auxin responsive factor class (ARF-GEF), GNOM (Geldner et al., 2003), and of sterol trafficking in Arabidopsis (Grebe et al., 2003) demonstrate the importance of endocytosis in plant development. Although previously demonstrated in plants (Horn et al., 198 ...
Degradation of DNA damage-independently stalled RNA
... vivo transcription elongation is inherently discontinuous (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elo ...
... vivo transcription elongation is inherently discontinuous (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elo ...
Lutoslawski`s Derivation of Twelve
... Note that in the first two tetrachord pairs, only the cell from which a pc is derived changes, but the same number of relative cell positions is preserved. In the final pair, S1 is also substituted for E2, which begins the process of chordal transformation that continues in subsequent chords. B ...
... Note that in the first two tetrachord pairs, only the cell from which a pc is derived changes, but the same number of relative cell positions is preserved. In the final pair, S1 is also substituted for E2, which begins the process of chordal transformation that continues in subsequent chords. B ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
... Peptidoglycan synthesis in vivo. Peptidoglycan synthesis in vivo was followed in a modification of the wall medium CWSM-I (12) containing 10 ,ug of L-alanine per ml instead of 5 ,ug per ml. The medium was supplemented with glycine (100 ,ug/ml) when S. aureus was used. If necessary, antibiotics were ...
... Peptidoglycan synthesis in vivo. Peptidoglycan synthesis in vivo was followed in a modification of the wall medium CWSM-I (12) containing 10 ,ug of L-alanine per ml instead of 5 ,ug per ml. The medium was supplemented with glycine (100 ,ug/ml) when S. aureus was used. If necessary, antibiotics were ...
The Mormyromast Region of the Mormyrid Electrosensory Lobe. I
... Submitted 6 March 2003; accepted in final form 21 April 2003 ...
... Submitted 6 March 2003; accepted in final form 21 April 2003 ...
Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis. Microscopical
... termed border cells because of their major role in constituting a biotic boundary layer between the root surface and the soil. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and ultrastructure of such cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using light and electron microscopy coupled to high-pres ...
... termed border cells because of their major role in constituting a biotic boundary layer between the root surface and the soil. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and ultrastructure of such cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using light and electron microscopy coupled to high-pres ...
2 - Liu Lab
... JQ1-unresponsive (Extended Data Fig. 4f). In all resistant TNBC populations studied, exome sequencing failed to identify alterations in BET bromodomain-encoding genes (for example, gatekeepers) or known driver genes (parallel pathway activation) (Supplementary Table 5). Absent new genetic alteration ...
... JQ1-unresponsive (Extended Data Fig. 4f). In all resistant TNBC populations studied, exome sequencing failed to identify alterations in BET bromodomain-encoding genes (for example, gatekeepers) or known driver genes (parallel pathway activation) (Supplementary Table 5). Absent new genetic alteration ...
Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
Snapshots of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation
... DNA–RNA hybrid can be accommodated there, and a magnesium ion is in position to aid polymerization [5••]. Interestingly, both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic polymerases contain a ‘tunnel’ on the opposite side from the DNA leading to the active site [3••–5••]. This channel is predicted to allow NTPs ...
... DNA–RNA hybrid can be accommodated there, and a magnesium ion is in position to aid polymerization [5••]. Interestingly, both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic polymerases contain a ‘tunnel’ on the opposite side from the DNA leading to the active site [3••–5••]. This channel is predicted to allow NTPs ...
Morphology and LPS content for the estimation of marine
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
J153
... operating cell and visualized it using neutron radiography. Toray showed the highest mass of water in the system and resulted in the poorest performance of the different GDL samples tested. Other studies have also used neutron radiography [30e35] to study the presence of liquid water in the ...
... operating cell and visualized it using neutron radiography. Toray showed the highest mass of water in the system and resulted in the poorest performance of the different GDL samples tested. Other studies have also used neutron radiography [30e35] to study the presence of liquid water in the ...
Apical ectodermal ridge morphogenesis in limb development is
... dorsoventral (DV) boundary to give rise to a more compact structure that will evolve into the mature AER with its characteristic histological appearance. However, the processes governing this compaction are not fully understood. It has been proposed that movements of cells are crucial to achieve the ...
... dorsoventral (DV) boundary to give rise to a more compact structure that will evolve into the mature AER with its characteristic histological appearance. However, the processes governing this compaction are not fully understood. It has been proposed that movements of cells are crucial to achieve the ...
Signal Perception and Transduction: The Origin of
... Signal transduction systems often are inappropriately portrayed as simple linear chains of cause and effect, in part because effective conceptualization of what goes on when a cell perceives a signal is impoverished by our inability to put together the experimental information in any meaningful way. ...
... Signal transduction systems often are inappropriately portrayed as simple linear chains of cause and effect, in part because effective conceptualization of what goes on when a cell perceives a signal is impoverished by our inability to put together the experimental information in any meaningful way. ...
ATM - dump.no
... Class C - Connection-oriented data service: For connection-oriented file transfer and in general, data network applications where a connection is set up before data is transferred, this type of service has variable bit rate and does not require bounded delay for delivery. Two AAL protocols wer ...
... Class C - Connection-oriented data service: For connection-oriented file transfer and in general, data network applications where a connection is set up before data is transferred, this type of service has variable bit rate and does not require bounded delay for delivery. Two AAL protocols wer ...
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... mouse tail bud. Using heterotopic transplantations, we show that the fate of CNH cells depends on their environment within the tail bud. Furthermore, we show that the anteroposterior identity of tail bud progenitor cells can be reset by heterochronic transplantation to the node region of gastrula-st ...
... mouse tail bud. Using heterotopic transplantations, we show that the fate of CNH cells depends on their environment within the tail bud. Furthermore, we show that the anteroposterior identity of tail bud progenitor cells can be reset by heterochronic transplantation to the node region of gastrula-st ...
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... essential for Notch activation and cell proliferation during early growth phases (Cho and Choi, 1998; Domínguez and de Celis, 1998; Papayannopoulos et al., 1998). The embryonic and first instar eye is composed of entirely ventral-fated tissue (Chern and Choi, 2002; Singh and Choi, 2003; Singh et al. ...
... essential for Notch activation and cell proliferation during early growth phases (Cho and Choi, 1998; Domínguez and de Celis, 1998; Papayannopoulos et al., 1998). The embryonic and first instar eye is composed of entirely ventral-fated tissue (Chern and Choi, 2002; Singh and Choi, 2003; Singh et al. ...
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... KMF. Two main themes emerged from this study. The first proposed the presence of kidney-inductive signals along the entire axis, including in the anterior non-kidney IM regions. The second theme suggested that IM cells lying anterior to the sixth somite level do not express kidney genes as a result ...
... KMF. Two main themes emerged from this study. The first proposed the presence of kidney-inductive signals along the entire axis, including in the anterior non-kidney IM regions. The second theme suggested that IM cells lying anterior to the sixth somite level do not express kidney genes as a result ...
Control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis in amphibian
... factor (bFGF), which has a high binding attinity for heparin, possesses mesoderm-inducing activity. Independent of this work, the research team of Tiedemann also reported, on the basis of their long-term studies, that a heparin-binding factor has mesoderminducing activity (Knochel et al., 1987). FGF ...
... factor (bFGF), which has a high binding attinity for heparin, possesses mesoderm-inducing activity. Independent of this work, the research team of Tiedemann also reported, on the basis of their long-term studies, that a heparin-binding factor has mesoderminducing activity (Knochel et al., 1987). FGF ...
Localised axial progenitor cell populations in the avian tail bud are
... mouse tail bud. Using heterotopic transplantations, we show that the fate of CNH cells depends on their environment within the tail bud. Furthermore, we show that the anteroposterior identity of tail bud progenitor cells can be reset by heterochronic transplantation to the node region of gastrula-st ...
... mouse tail bud. Using heterotopic transplantations, we show that the fate of CNH cells depends on their environment within the tail bud. Furthermore, we show that the anteroposterior identity of tail bud progenitor cells can be reset by heterochronic transplantation to the node region of gastrula-st ...
Innate response to human cytomegalovirus pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
... MΦ are monocytes. It is unclear whether different monocyte subsets give rise to different types of MΦ or if MΦ are randomly derived from the monocyte pool [11]. Moreover, after their differentiation in a given tissue microenvironment, is unclear whether they are still flexible to change their phenot ...
... MΦ are monocytes. It is unclear whether different monocyte subsets give rise to different types of MΦ or if MΦ are randomly derived from the monocyte pool [11]. Moreover, after their differentiation in a given tissue microenvironment, is unclear whether they are still flexible to change their phenot ...
Metabolism of Methanol in Plant Cells. Carbon-13
... C-1 carbon of ethanolamine in phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas no enrichment was observed in the C-2 carbon. In other words, carbon bound to a hydroxyl group in polar heads of phospholipids derived partly from [13C]methanol via Ser and ethanolamine (Mouillon et al., 1999). Finally, the four resonan ...
... C-1 carbon of ethanolamine in phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas no enrichment was observed in the C-2 carbon. In other words, carbon bound to a hydroxyl group in polar heads of phospholipids derived partly from [13C]methanol via Ser and ethanolamine (Mouillon et al., 1999). Finally, the four resonan ...
zjawisko oddzia*ywania allelopatycznego sinic i glonów w
... growth and cell morphology of O. submarina. The greatest decrease of growth of O. submarina was observed after the addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from Synechococcus sp. and constituted about 87 % of their control. Suikkanen et al. (2006) indicate that Anabaena flos-aquae and N. spumigena fi ...
... growth and cell morphology of O. submarina. The greatest decrease of growth of O. submarina was observed after the addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from Synechococcus sp. and constituted about 87 % of their control. Suikkanen et al. (2006) indicate that Anabaena flos-aquae and N. spumigena fi ...
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... a negative regulator of thymus fate. In its absence, embryos lack Gcm2, downregulate Tbx1 and expand Bmp4 and Foxn1 expression throughout the developing primordium (Moore-Scott and Manley, 2005; Grevellec et al., 2011). We have previously proposed that BMP4 and SHH act in opposition to pattern the t ...
... a negative regulator of thymus fate. In its absence, embryos lack Gcm2, downregulate Tbx1 and expand Bmp4 and Foxn1 expression throughout the developing primordium (Moore-Scott and Manley, 2005; Grevellec et al., 2011). We have previously proposed that BMP4 and SHH act in opposition to pattern the t ...
Stimulation of Cell Elongation by Tetraploidy in Hypocotyls of Dark
... Cells elongate more than 100-fold during etiolated development in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. As no cell division occurs, post-germination hypocotyl growth is governed exclusively by cell expansion, and A. thaliana hypocotyls therefore serve as useful model systems for the study of cell size. D ...
... Cells elongate more than 100-fold during etiolated development in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. As no cell division occurs, post-germination hypocotyl growth is governed exclusively by cell expansion, and A. thaliana hypocotyls therefore serve as useful model systems for the study of cell size. D ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.