Activation of Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAS causes
... studies in our mouse model, we propose that Hedgehog inhibitors currently used in the clinic for other conditions, such as cancer, may possibly be repurposed for treating heterotopic ossification and other diseases caused by GNAS inactivation. The human skeleton is a complex organ that forms during ...
... studies in our mouse model, we propose that Hedgehog inhibitors currently used in the clinic for other conditions, such as cancer, may possibly be repurposed for treating heterotopic ossification and other diseases caused by GNAS inactivation. The human skeleton is a complex organ that forms during ...
Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde
... neoplastic diseases. The major clinically used anthracyclines consist of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin. Doxorubicin is a broad-spectrum antitumor antibiotic, and the tumors most commonly responsive to this drug include breast and esophageal carcinomas, osteosarcoma, soft tiss ...
... neoplastic diseases. The major clinically used anthracyclines consist of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin. Doxorubicin is a broad-spectrum antitumor antibiotic, and the tumors most commonly responsive to this drug include breast and esophageal carcinomas, osteosarcoma, soft tiss ...
Nitric Oxide Signalling in Plants: Cross
... N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) and CNGCs were shown to be reversibly S-nitrosylated, with activation or inhibition as a consequence (Broillet, 2000; Stamler et al., 2001, Yoshida et al., 2006; Tjong et al., 2007). For instance, the skeletal muscl ...
... N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) and CNGCs were shown to be reversibly S-nitrosylated, with activation or inhibition as a consequence (Broillet, 2000; Stamler et al., 2001, Yoshida et al., 2006; Tjong et al., 2007). For instance, the skeletal muscl ...
Bone physiology
... volume of tissue. These lamellae can be parallel to each other if deposited along a flat surface (trabecular bone and periostrum) or concentric if deposited on the surface of a channel centered on a blood vessel (Haversian system) Woven bone: when bone is formed very rapidly (during histogenesis, ...
... volume of tissue. These lamellae can be parallel to each other if deposited along a flat surface (trabecular bone and periostrum) or concentric if deposited on the surface of a channel centered on a blood vessel (Haversian system) Woven bone: when bone is formed very rapidly (during histogenesis, ...
Novel Symbiotic Protoplasts Formed by Endophytic Fungi Explain
... mycosomes also contain a double membrane-bounded organelle, which may be homologous to the A. pullulans PMO. The mycosome PMO is often expressed as a vacuole-like organelle, which alternatively may contain a lipoid body or a starch grain. Mycosome reversion to walled cells occurs within the PMO, and ...
... mycosomes also contain a double membrane-bounded organelle, which may be homologous to the A. pullulans PMO. The mycosome PMO is often expressed as a vacuole-like organelle, which alternatively may contain a lipoid body or a starch grain. Mycosome reversion to walled cells occurs within the PMO, and ...
Intrinsic Regulation of Cambial Growth
... acid (IAA, auxin) to undergo enlargement but thereafter to experience a protracted delay, sometimes extending over several weeks before commencing differentiation into tracheids (Savidge and Wareing 1981b, 1984; Savidge and others 1982, 1998; Savidge 2000a). Zones of dividing cells (cambial zone, CZ ...
... acid (IAA, auxin) to undergo enlargement but thereafter to experience a protracted delay, sometimes extending over several weeks before commencing differentiation into tracheids (Savidge and Wareing 1981b, 1984; Savidge and others 1982, 1998; Savidge 2000a). Zones of dividing cells (cambial zone, CZ ...
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review
... • New substrate adhesion sites are formed at the edge of lamellipodium. • Old adhesion sites are broken down at the rear of the cell. • The cell body contracts. ...
... • New substrate adhesion sites are formed at the edge of lamellipodium. • Old adhesion sites are broken down at the rear of the cell. • The cell body contracts. ...
FAK suppresses Rho activity to promote focal adhesion turnover
... al., 1994). Thus, the effect does not precisely correlate with total FAK phosphorylation, though there might be individual sites on FAK whose phosphorylation follows a similar pattern. In this regard, it is intriguing that FAK has been shown to interact with a RhoGAP named GRAF (GAP for Rho Associat ...
... al., 1994). Thus, the effect does not precisely correlate with total FAK phosphorylation, though there might be individual sites on FAK whose phosphorylation follows a similar pattern. In this regard, it is intriguing that FAK has been shown to interact with a RhoGAP named GRAF (GAP for Rho Associat ...
- Wiley Online Library
... uncertain. Piezo1, which has been identified in the transcriptome of mammalian cochlear hair cells, encodes a transmembrane protein that forms mechanosensitive channels in other tissues. We investigated the properties of the MET channel in outer hair cells (OHCs) of Piezo1 mice (postnatal day 6–9). ...
... uncertain. Piezo1, which has been identified in the transcriptome of mammalian cochlear hair cells, encodes a transmembrane protein that forms mechanosensitive channels in other tissues. We investigated the properties of the MET channel in outer hair cells (OHCs) of Piezo1 mice (postnatal day 6–9). ...
PDF
... to label RB cell bodies and processes at 1-2 dpf, labeling with this antibody at later times post-fertilization shows labeling only in peripheral processes but not in the cell bodies of the RB neuron (Reyes et al., 2004), thus making it an inadequate marker in this case. To visualize long-lived RB n ...
... to label RB cell bodies and processes at 1-2 dpf, labeling with this antibody at later times post-fertilization shows labeling only in peripheral processes but not in the cell bodies of the RB neuron (Reyes et al., 2004), thus making it an inadequate marker in this case. To visualize long-lived RB n ...
3 Ultradian Growth Oscillations in Organs: Physiological Signal or
... disappear when entrained plants are moved into constant conditions (Buda et al. 2003), and arrhythmic mutants circumnutate at a constant and stable period (Dowson-Day and Millar 1999; Niinuma et al. 2005). In contrast to the lateral movement trajectory, the linear tip velocity of stems usually fluct ...
... disappear when entrained plants are moved into constant conditions (Buda et al. 2003), and arrhythmic mutants circumnutate at a constant and stable period (Dowson-Day and Millar 1999; Niinuma et al. 2005). In contrast to the lateral movement trajectory, the linear tip velocity of stems usually fluct ...
Dubrulle and Pourquie, 2004 - Development
... population of resident paraxial mesoderm progenitors (PMP) Crucial events take place in the caudal PSM that irreversibly that is located first in the primitive streak and then in the tailbud commit PSM cells to their definitive segmental fate. Once this (Gardner and Beddington, 1988; Nicolas et al., ...
... population of resident paraxial mesoderm progenitors (PMP) Crucial events take place in the caudal PSM that irreversibly that is located first in the primitive streak and then in the tailbud commit PSM cells to their definitive segmental fate. Once this (Gardner and Beddington, 1988; Nicolas et al., ...
Microenvironmental reprogramming by three
... he growth and unique cycling activities of the hair follicle is largely controlled by a group of specialized mesenchymal cells, located in a structure termed the dermal papilla. The precursors of papilla cells are mesenchymal-cell aggregations, or condensates, that form in embryonic skin dermis at t ...
... he growth and unique cycling activities of the hair follicle is largely controlled by a group of specialized mesenchymal cells, located in a structure termed the dermal papilla. The precursors of papilla cells are mesenchymal-cell aggregations, or condensates, that form in embryonic skin dermis at t ...
UVA radiation causes DNA strand breaks, chromosomal
... caused cell death of almost all cells except one colony that was further expanded. Different from the control HaCaT cells, nodules developed in four of the eight injection sites upon injection into nude mice. Of these, two regressed while the other two continuously expanded and were classified as inv ...
... caused cell death of almost all cells except one colony that was further expanded. Different from the control HaCaT cells, nodules developed in four of the eight injection sites upon injection into nude mice. Of these, two regressed while the other two continuously expanded and were classified as inv ...
Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy
... by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate as a result of an imbalance between ROS generation and elimination. The high ROS levels in cancer cells are a consequence of alterations in several signalling pathways that affect cellular metabolism. These ROS levels are counteracted by elevated anti ...
... by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate as a result of an imbalance between ROS generation and elimination. The high ROS levels in cancer cells are a consequence of alterations in several signalling pathways that affect cellular metabolism. These ROS levels are counteracted by elevated anti ...
Presence of exposed phospholipids in the outer membrane of Vibrio
... entry of crystal violet. Leakage of periplasmic proteins indicated instability of the outer membrane. We have found that 15-20% of two periplasmic enzymes, cyclic phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase, were consistently released into the culture medium by exponential phase cells. The unstable n ...
... entry of crystal violet. Leakage of periplasmic proteins indicated instability of the outer membrane. We have found that 15-20% of two periplasmic enzymes, cyclic phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase, were consistently released into the culture medium by exponential phase cells. The unstable n ...
ANALYSIS OF NF-κB, CASPASE-3, MMP-2, MMP
... although not significant. Hovewer, a significant association was not found between LMP-1 expression and age. This might result from limited number of cases or from immunohistochemistry method instead of insitu hybridization for EBV. In EBV associated CHL, EBV gene products appear to be contributed t ...
... although not significant. Hovewer, a significant association was not found between LMP-1 expression and age. This might result from limited number of cases or from immunohistochemistry method instead of insitu hybridization for EBV. In EBV associated CHL, EBV gene products appear to be contributed t ...
Homogeneous generation of iDA neurons with high similarity to
... expression system, we established an inducible system to homogenously generate iDA neurons directly from somatic cells. Analogous strategies in inducible pluripotency reprogramming systems have proven to be more efficient and synchronous than reprogramming by direct infection [8,10,16]. We show that ...
... expression system, we established an inducible system to homogenously generate iDA neurons directly from somatic cells. Analogous strategies in inducible pluripotency reprogramming systems have proven to be more efficient and synchronous than reprogramming by direct infection [8,10,16]. We show that ...
Middle East Jeopardy - Central Kitsap Junior High
... Traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chloroplast ...
... Traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chloroplast ...
PDF
... studied for their function in lateral specification (reviewed by Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 1995), the Drosophila neurogenic genes Notch (N), Delta, neuralized, and Enhancer of split are also essential for the development of epithelial characteristics in embryonic tissues in which no obvious cell fa ...
... studied for their function in lateral specification (reviewed by Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 1995), the Drosophila neurogenic genes Notch (N), Delta, neuralized, and Enhancer of split are also essential for the development of epithelial characteristics in embryonic tissues in which no obvious cell fa ...
The Nimrod transmembrane receptor Eater is
... attached to the internal surface of the larval body wall, forming patches, some of which are closely associated with secretory cells called oenocytes, as well as the endings of peripheral neurons (Makhijani et al., 2011; Makki et al., 2014). Hemocytes continuously exchange between sessile patches an ...
... attached to the internal surface of the larval body wall, forming patches, some of which are closely associated with secretory cells called oenocytes, as well as the endings of peripheral neurons (Makhijani et al., 2011; Makki et al., 2014). Hemocytes continuously exchange between sessile patches an ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.