IL-15 and dermal fibroblasts induce proliferation of natural
... the very highest levels of CD25, as has been reported for human Tregs from blood.24 To determine whether the CD4⫹CD25hiCD69lo T cells we isolated from skin were functional Tregs, we isolated these cells by flow sorting (Figure 2B) and tested them for the ability to suppress the proliferation of CD25 ...
... the very highest levels of CD25, as has been reported for human Tregs from blood.24 To determine whether the CD4⫹CD25hiCD69lo T cells we isolated from skin were functional Tregs, we isolated these cells by flow sorting (Figure 2B) and tested them for the ability to suppress the proliferation of CD25 ...
Imaging neural crest cell dynamics during formation
... operative molecular mechanisms is to generate segregated lateral structures, such as the DRG and SG. Studies investigating the expression patterns of candidate molecules influencing the migratory patterns of neural crest cells in vitro (Erickson and Perris, 1993) and in vivo (Bronner-Fraser, 1986) h ...
... operative molecular mechanisms is to generate segregated lateral structures, such as the DRG and SG. Studies investigating the expression patterns of candidate molecules influencing the migratory patterns of neural crest cells in vitro (Erickson and Perris, 1993) and in vivo (Bronner-Fraser, 1986) h ...
Depletion of Calcium from the Lumen of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... mass of POM121 is proposed to occur on the extralumenal surface of nuclear membranes (Hallberg et al., 1993). These integral membrane proteins could play a role in anchoring the NPC to nuclear membranes and/or in mediating NPC assembly. Binding of a monoclonal antibody to the lumenal domain of gp210 ...
... mass of POM121 is proposed to occur on the extralumenal surface of nuclear membranes (Hallberg et al., 1993). These integral membrane proteins could play a role in anchoring the NPC to nuclear membranes and/or in mediating NPC assembly. Binding of a monoclonal antibody to the lumenal domain of gp210 ...
Scrape Procedure
... lay in direct contact with the PV membrane within the new host cell. The earliest developmental stage seen are the meronts which are irregular in outline and bounded by a plasma membrane, and occur randomly in the host cell cytoplasm (Fig 7.2 E-F). The meronts divide by binary fission and the result ...
... lay in direct contact with the PV membrane within the new host cell. The earliest developmental stage seen are the meronts which are irregular in outline and bounded by a plasma membrane, and occur randomly in the host cell cytoplasm (Fig 7.2 E-F). The meronts divide by binary fission and the result ...
classification of connective tissue
... The connective tissues are classified into various types depending on the following Four Factors. 1. Relative proportion of the various fibers present 2. Compactness and arrangement of fibers 3. Nature of ground substance (matrix) 4. Types of cells On these ground the connective tissues are divided ...
... The connective tissues are classified into various types depending on the following Four Factors. 1. Relative proportion of the various fibers present 2. Compactness and arrangement of fibers 3. Nature of ground substance (matrix) 4. Types of cells On these ground the connective tissues are divided ...
Supplemental Figure Legends
... transition, thus releasing Ca2+ back into the medium and causing a large increase in fluorescence. Mitochondria from both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- mice were able to take up a given pulse of Ca2+ at a similar rate. However, the Ppif-/- mitochondria were able to take up a greater number of Ca2+ pulses tha ...
... transition, thus releasing Ca2+ back into the medium and causing a large increase in fluorescence. Mitochondria from both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- mice were able to take up a given pulse of Ca2+ at a similar rate. However, the Ppif-/- mitochondria were able to take up a greater number of Ca2+ pulses tha ...
Experimental taphonomy of giant sulphur bacteria: implications for
... fossils have been widely interpreted as metazoan embryos, based on the complex nature of their cell structure and the similarity of their morphology to features of modern animal embryos, including reductive cell division, a bounding membrane comparable with a metazoan fertilization envelope, large s ...
... fossils have been widely interpreted as metazoan embryos, based on the complex nature of their cell structure and the similarity of their morphology to features of modern animal embryos, including reductive cell division, a bounding membrane comparable with a metazoan fertilization envelope, large s ...
Leaf epidermal studies of three species of Acalypha Linn.
... one subsidiary cell, one guard cell, parallel contiguous and aborted guard cell. A. godseffiana can be distinguished by parallel contiguous on both surfaces. Curved uniseriate non-glandular trichomes were restricted to A. wilkesiana. Two stomata sharing one subsidiary cell occurred only on the lower ...
... one subsidiary cell, one guard cell, parallel contiguous and aborted guard cell. A. godseffiana can be distinguished by parallel contiguous on both surfaces. Curved uniseriate non-glandular trichomes were restricted to A. wilkesiana. Two stomata sharing one subsidiary cell occurred only on the lower ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
... forms with minimum input of chemicals and energy [7,12-15]. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of plant uptake and metabolism of PAHs in removing PAHs from the environment [16-18]. In general, two primary processes are responsible for PAH transfer and distribution in plant tissues: (1) transfe ...
... forms with minimum input of chemicals and energy [7,12-15]. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of plant uptake and metabolism of PAHs in removing PAHs from the environment [16-18]. In general, two primary processes are responsible for PAH transfer and distribution in plant tissues: (1) transfe ...
L 9 Myosin
... Motor proteins utilizing the cytoskeleton for movement fall into two categories based on their substrates: •Actin motors such as myosin move long microfilaments through interaction with actin. •Microtubule motors such as dynein and kinesin move along microtubules through interaction with tubulin. ...
... Motor proteins utilizing the cytoskeleton for movement fall into two categories based on their substrates: •Actin motors such as myosin move long microfilaments through interaction with actin. •Microtubule motors such as dynein and kinesin move along microtubules through interaction with tubulin. ...
The onset of pigment epithelial proliferation after retinal
... parallel to the original monolayer. Their nuclear membranes are more scalloped than those of normal RPE cell nuclei, and the usual apical-basal surface polarity is not evident. The cell surfaces are lined with many short, undifferentiated processes that sometimes interdigitate with similar processes ...
... parallel to the original monolayer. Their nuclear membranes are more scalloped than those of normal RPE cell nuclei, and the usual apical-basal surface polarity is not evident. The cell surfaces are lined with many short, undifferentiated processes that sometimes interdigitate with similar processes ...
Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in
... FN may promote migration of parietal endoderm and trophoblast outgrowth during implantation (Armant et al., 1986; Grabel and Watts, 1987; Sutherland et al., 1988). During gastrulation, FN is expressed beneath the ectoderm at the position of prospective mesodermal migration in all vertebrate embryos ...
... FN may promote migration of parietal endoderm and trophoblast outgrowth during implantation (Armant et al., 1986; Grabel and Watts, 1987; Sutherland et al., 1988). During gastrulation, FN is expressed beneath the ectoderm at the position of prospective mesodermal migration in all vertebrate embryos ...
PDF
... A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to understand the transformation of genetic information into morphology. Elucidating the connections between genes and anatomy will require model morphogenetic processes that are amenable to detailed analysis of cell/tissue behaviors a ...
... A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to understand the transformation of genetic information into morphology. Elucidating the connections between genes and anatomy will require model morphogenetic processes that are amenable to detailed analysis of cell/tissue behaviors a ...
PDF 51 - The Open University
... molecules are said to be upstream or downstream of other components of the pathway (this terminology should not be confused with that used to describe the structure of genes in relation to transcription). Ultimately, signalling molecules activate target effector proteins (an effector in this context ...
... molecules are said to be upstream or downstream of other components of the pathway (this terminology should not be confused with that used to describe the structure of genes in relation to transcription). Ultimately, signalling molecules activate target effector proteins (an effector in this context ...
In-vivo detection of binary PKA network interactions upon activation
... outs, for example of oncogenic PPI and receptor-effector interactions. It is desirable to quantify differential PPIs in distinct eukaryotic model systems to investigate physiological and pathological cell states. Here we tested the impact of distinct perturbations of proteins and/or receptor pathway ...
... outs, for example of oncogenic PPI and receptor-effector interactions. It is desirable to quantify differential PPIs in distinct eukaryotic model systems to investigate physiological and pathological cell states. Here we tested the impact of distinct perturbations of proteins and/or receptor pathway ...
Symbioses and Stress
... by oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon starvation, as well as other stresses, were upregulated in S. meliloti following increased salt or osmotic stress (Domínguez-Fererras et al., 2006). Furthermore, rhizobial growth in response to salt stress was found to require pSymB, and thus, these authors concluded t ...
... by oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon starvation, as well as other stresses, were upregulated in S. meliloti following increased salt or osmotic stress (Domínguez-Fererras et al., 2006). Furthermore, rhizobial growth in response to salt stress was found to require pSymB, and thus, these authors concluded t ...
r-Gir - Microbiology
... The germ tube of the dimorphic human pathogen C. albicans has been the focus of my interests for many years. We have, over the years, worked with this fungus at the cellular, physiological and molecular levels in order to understand the mechanism that regulates the yeast to hyphal transition and the ...
... The germ tube of the dimorphic human pathogen C. albicans has been the focus of my interests for many years. We have, over the years, worked with this fungus at the cellular, physiological and molecular levels in order to understand the mechanism that regulates the yeast to hyphal transition and the ...
D:Int Agrophysics -2Cybulskacybulska.vp - Research
... Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, M. Curie-Sk³odowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland Received October 15, 2009; accepted January 29, 2010 ...
... Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, M. Curie-Sk³odowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland Received October 15, 2009; accepted January 29, 2010 ...
Studies of the cat`s medial interlaminar nucleus
... the A laminae are comprised mostly of X- and Y-cells, this suggests that, although Y-cells on average are larger than X-cells, considerable overlap exists in their size distribution. No differences between t h e ipsilateral and contralateral terminal zones were found on any measure. Since MIN cells ...
... the A laminae are comprised mostly of X- and Y-cells, this suggests that, although Y-cells on average are larger than X-cells, considerable overlap exists in their size distribution. No differences between t h e ipsilateral and contralateral terminal zones were found on any measure. Since MIN cells ...
Monomeric alpha-catenin links cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
... Adherens junctions and their core constituents, the classic cadherin adhesion molecules, contribute significantly to animal development and tissue homeostasis1–3 . Adherens junction defects can lead to various human pathologies, including cancer4–6 . Adherens junction function relies on the associat ...
... Adherens junctions and their core constituents, the classic cadherin adhesion molecules, contribute significantly to animal development and tissue homeostasis1–3 . Adherens junction defects can lead to various human pathologies, including cancer4–6 . Adherens junction function relies on the associat ...
in Murine Mast Cells by Recombinant Stem Cell Factor
... the cytosolic fractions of several cell types. This enzyme has a preference for phospholipids that contain AA and translocates to cellular membranes in response to nanomolar calcium concentrations (21-24). There also exists a family of low molecular weight PLA2 (- 14 kD in size, called group II PLA2 ...
... the cytosolic fractions of several cell types. This enzyme has a preference for phospholipids that contain AA and translocates to cellular membranes in response to nanomolar calcium concentrations (21-24). There also exists a family of low molecular weight PLA2 (- 14 kD in size, called group II PLA2 ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... Time-lapse imaging of GFP-CESA3 revealed that CGA treatment resulted in clearance of CSC from the plasma membrane, concomitant with an increase in the density of small, bright intracellular compartments (Figure 3E) identical in appearance, behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal ...
... Time-lapse imaging of GFP-CESA3 revealed that CGA treatment resulted in clearance of CSC from the plasma membrane, concomitant with an increase in the density of small, bright intracellular compartments (Figure 3E) identical in appearance, behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal ...
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
DNA Polymerase Regulates Cisplatin
... whether cisplatin-induced mutagenesis contributes to the acquisition of cisplatin resistance and whether suppression of cisplatin-induced mutagenesis can reduce the rate of acquisition of cisplatin resistance, because this remains the major cause of treatment failure. In this study, we used the dipl ...
... whether cisplatin-induced mutagenesis contributes to the acquisition of cisplatin resistance and whether suppression of cisplatin-induced mutagenesis can reduce the rate of acquisition of cisplatin resistance, because this remains the major cause of treatment failure. In this study, we used the dipl ...
Balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and
... hazardous reactive oxygen species as by-products of respiration. Thus, eukaryotic cells have evolved a wide arsenal of quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis and prevent cellular damage and eventual death. Mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy, is triggered upon accumula ...
... hazardous reactive oxygen species as by-products of respiration. Thus, eukaryotic cells have evolved a wide arsenal of quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis and prevent cellular damage and eventual death. Mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy, is triggered upon accumula ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.