Tropomyosin 1: Multiple roles in the developing heart and in the
... such as TPM1, MYH7 and alpha cardiac actin [6,12–14]. Fewer sarcomeric genes, such as MYH6 and alpha cardiac actin, have been associated with isolated CHDs [5,7,15], or with the developing heart [16]. Tropomyosin regulates contraction of the sarcomere, through direct interaction with actin and tropo ...
... such as TPM1, MYH7 and alpha cardiac actin [6,12–14]. Fewer sarcomeric genes, such as MYH6 and alpha cardiac actin, have been associated with isolated CHDs [5,7,15], or with the developing heart [16]. Tropomyosin regulates contraction of the sarcomere, through direct interaction with actin and tropo ...
Recurrent ETNK1 mutations in atypical chronic
... Given the pleiotropic role of PE, dissecting the biological effects of the ETNK1 mutations will be a complex task. However, the occurrence of all the variants in a highly conserved region and the demonstration that they impair the catalytic activity of ETNK1 suggest that these mutations may play a s ...
... Given the pleiotropic role of PE, dissecting the biological effects of the ETNK1 mutations will be a complex task. However, the occurrence of all the variants in a highly conserved region and the demonstration that they impair the catalytic activity of ETNK1 suggest that these mutations may play a s ...
Expanded GAA repeats impair FXN gene expression and reposition
... the nuclear periphery (NP) can actively contribute to gene repression (20–22). However, this is not a general phenomenon (20,23), rather is gene-specific, and may depend on multiple parameters such as transcription factor accessibility, promoter strength, existence of insulator elements and pre-exist ...
... the nuclear periphery (NP) can actively contribute to gene repression (20–22). However, this is not a general phenomenon (20,23), rather is gene-specific, and may depend on multiple parameters such as transcription factor accessibility, promoter strength, existence of insulator elements and pre-exist ...
Microtubule
... minus end is usually located near the microtubule organizing center near the nucleus, while the plus end is spread out through the cell. (Figure 1) The αβ heterodimer is the basic structural unit of the microtubule. Each subunit has a binding site for one molecule of GTP. Once the αβ dimer is formed ...
... minus end is usually located near the microtubule organizing center near the nucleus, while the plus end is spread out through the cell. (Figure 1) The αβ heterodimer is the basic structural unit of the microtubule. Each subunit has a binding site for one molecule of GTP. Once the αβ dimer is formed ...
Full Text - Global Science Books
... The primary root meristem is formed during embryogenesis and supports the first growth of the seedling into the soil. However, the continuous growth of the above-ground plant parts imposes the establishment of an elaborate root system in order to mine for additional water and nutrients. This can onl ...
... The primary root meristem is formed during embryogenesis and supports the first growth of the seedling into the soil. However, the continuous growth of the above-ground plant parts imposes the establishment of an elaborate root system in order to mine for additional water and nutrients. This can onl ...
Thesis - KI Open Archive
... characteristic of non-epithelial cell types and adipose tissue-related. The basal-like type, also called triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-) expresses keratins 5, 6 and 17 similarly to basal epithelial cells of the normal mammary gland, as well as laminin and fatty acid binding protein 7 [9]. Similarly, ...
... characteristic of non-epithelial cell types and adipose tissue-related. The basal-like type, also called triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-) expresses keratins 5, 6 and 17 similarly to basal epithelial cells of the normal mammary gland, as well as laminin and fatty acid binding protein 7 [9]. Similarly, ...
Dual mode of paraxial mesoderm formation during chick gastrulation
... mesoderm. In double- (Fig. 1d) or single-graft (Fig. 1 i and l) experiments analyzed after 24 h, cells from the 90% level of the streak mostly gave rise to cells in medial somites from the anterior level of the somitic region to the tail bud (SI Table 1; Fig. 1 e, g, and j). In contrast, grafts of m ...
... mesoderm. In double- (Fig. 1d) or single-graft (Fig. 1 i and l) experiments analyzed after 24 h, cells from the 90% level of the streak mostly gave rise to cells in medial somites from the anterior level of the somitic region to the tail bud (SI Table 1; Fig. 1 e, g, and j). In contrast, grafts of m ...
bZIP transcription factor interactions regulate DIF
... downstream of the DIF-1 signal. Instead of directly regulating the expression of DIF-1 target genes, DimA would be required for the activation of genes that permit cells to respond to DIF-1, such as the DIF-1 signal transduction machinery. (2) DimA activity is regulated by heterodimerisation with ot ...
... downstream of the DIF-1 signal. Instead of directly regulating the expression of DIF-1 target genes, DimA would be required for the activation of genes that permit cells to respond to DIF-1, such as the DIF-1 signal transduction machinery. (2) DimA activity is regulated by heterodimerisation with ot ...
Membrane flow through Golgi compartments
... DOG medium (Fig. 3C). After 30-45 minutes of incubation in DOG medium, the perinuclear reticular structure stained by Helix pomatia disappeared (Fig. 3D,H,I) and a haze of fluorescence was spread throughout most of the area stained with an antibody against the ER marker protein disulphide isomerase ...
... DOG medium (Fig. 3C). After 30-45 minutes of incubation in DOG medium, the perinuclear reticular structure stained by Helix pomatia disappeared (Fig. 3D,H,I) and a haze of fluorescence was spread throughout most of the area stained with an antibody against the ER marker protein disulphide isomerase ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
PAK1 Mediates Resistance to PI3 Kinase Inhibition in Lymphomas
... Synergy testing between small molecule inhibitors We tested the PI3K inhibitor BEZ235 in combination with the PAK1 inhibitor IPA-3 (19) using the previously described Calcusyn software utilizing the Chou-Talalay method (20). We did not anticipate significant single agent activity, but were intereste ...
... Synergy testing between small molecule inhibitors We tested the PI3K inhibitor BEZ235 in combination with the PAK1 inhibitor IPA-3 (19) using the previously described Calcusyn software utilizing the Chou-Talalay method (20). We did not anticipate significant single agent activity, but were intereste ...
CFTR modulates lung secretory cell proliferation and - AJP-Lung
... and function of the protein (26, 27). Structural analysis suggested that its main function was that of a cAMPregulated chloride channel. Since this discovery, the protein has been shown to have diverse regulatory abilities, yet CF disease pathology is still defined in terms of a lack of a chloride c ...
... and function of the protein (26, 27). Structural analysis suggested that its main function was that of a cAMPregulated chloride channel. Since this discovery, the protein has been shown to have diverse regulatory abilities, yet CF disease pathology is still defined in terms of a lack of a chloride c ...
regulates cortical cell migration out of the
... Identification of FILIPs. To identify the molecules responsible for regulating the start of radial cell migration during neocortical development, we used mRNA differential display to isolate genes expressed more abundantly in the neocortices of Wistar rats on embryonic day 11–12 (E11–E12) compared w ...
... Identification of FILIPs. To identify the molecules responsible for regulating the start of radial cell migration during neocortical development, we used mRNA differential display to isolate genes expressed more abundantly in the neocortices of Wistar rats on embryonic day 11–12 (E11–E12) compared w ...
as a PDF
... The evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms was predicated on the development of a mechanism for cell-cell signaling. Transmembrane signaling events underlie a myriad of developmental processes including morphogenesis, pattern formation and differentiation. The adult mult ...
... The evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms was predicated on the development of a mechanism for cell-cell signaling. Transmembrane signaling events underlie a myriad of developmental processes including morphogenesis, pattern formation and differentiation. The adult mult ...
Mastoparan Alters Subcellular Distribution of
... birch pollen profilin co-localizes with dynamic AFs when expressed in animal cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). This suggests that plant and animal profilins obey the same principles responsible for their subcellular localizations (for animal cells see, e.g., Hartwig et al. 1989, Buß et al. 1992, Bubb e ...
... birch pollen profilin co-localizes with dynamic AFs when expressed in animal cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). This suggests that plant and animal profilins obey the same principles responsible for their subcellular localizations (for animal cells see, e.g., Hartwig et al. 1989, Buß et al. 1992, Bubb e ...
Xenopus laevis Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1
... migration; they modulate angiogenesis and hematopoiesis; and they block HIV entry into target cells (4 – 8). It has become evident that chemokines play fundamental roles in development and homeostasis, and function not only in cells of the immune system, but in many different cell types, including v ...
... migration; they modulate angiogenesis and hematopoiesis; and they block HIV entry into target cells (4 – 8). It has become evident that chemokines play fundamental roles in development and homeostasis, and function not only in cells of the immune system, but in many different cell types, including v ...
Polarity Control of Spindle Positioning in the C. elegans Embryo
... When cells divide, chromosome segregation is followed by cleavage of the cytoplasm. The microtubule spindle apparatus instructs the cytokinetic furrow to form perpendicular to, and usually midway through, the central spindle. By positioning the spindle with respect to the polarity axis of the cell o ...
... When cells divide, chromosome segregation is followed by cleavage of the cytoplasm. The microtubule spindle apparatus instructs the cytokinetic furrow to form perpendicular to, and usually midway through, the central spindle. By positioning the spindle with respect to the polarity axis of the cell o ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... Time-lapse imaging of GFP-CESA3 revealed that CGA treatment resulted in clearance of CSC from the plasma membrane, concomitant with an increase in the density of small, bright intracellular compartments (Figure 3E) identical in appearance, behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal ...
... Time-lapse imaging of GFP-CESA3 revealed that CGA treatment resulted in clearance of CSC from the plasma membrane, concomitant with an increase in the density of small, bright intracellular compartments (Figure 3E) identical in appearance, behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal ...
NUCLEAR PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE CELL
... Fig. 1. N u c l e a r p r o t e i n kinase a c t i v i t y t h r o u g h o u t t h e cell c y c l e of H e L a S 3 cells. (a) M o n i t o r i n g cell cyle stages. I n c o r p o r a t i o n of [ 2 - 1 4 C ] t h y m i d i n e i n t o D N A at v a r i o u s t i m e s a f t e r selective d e t a c h m ...
... Fig. 1. N u c l e a r p r o t e i n kinase a c t i v i t y t h r o u g h o u t t h e cell c y c l e of H e L a S 3 cells. (a) M o n i t o r i n g cell cyle stages. I n c o r p o r a t i o n of [ 2 - 1 4 C ] t h y m i d i n e i n t o D N A at v a r i o u s t i m e s a f t e r selective d e t a c h m ...
Circadian Regulator CLOCK Is a Histone Acetyltransferase
... elements located in their promoter regions. The mPER and mCRY proteins then negatively feedback to repress their own transcription by acting on the mCLOCK: mBMAL1 complex. This negative-feedback regulation also drives gene expression cycles of a variety of circadian output genes (Lowrey and Takahash ...
... elements located in their promoter regions. The mPER and mCRY proteins then negatively feedback to repress their own transcription by acting on the mCLOCK: mBMAL1 complex. This negative-feedback regulation also drives gene expression cycles of a variety of circadian output genes (Lowrey and Takahash ...
Newly Synthesized Catalytic and Regulatory Components of
... of explant cultures was similar to the method of Estridge and Bunge (1978). Ganglia were removed one by one onto the inside of a 3 cm plastic petri dish cover and cut into 6-8 pieces of 200-400 pm diameter using a sterile 23 surgical blade. Segments from 10-20 ganglia were pooled and 5-6 pieces were ...
... of explant cultures was similar to the method of Estridge and Bunge (1978). Ganglia were removed one by one onto the inside of a 3 cm plastic petri dish cover and cut into 6-8 pieces of 200-400 pm diameter using a sterile 23 surgical blade. Segments from 10-20 ganglia were pooled and 5-6 pieces were ...
Chapter 6 Microscopy (AFM)
... detail of the sample is translated from the electronic response of the van der Waal’s forces of attraction between the tip of the cantilever and the sample which is monitored and recorded (Dufrene and Müller, 2005). As the probe tip scans, the varying topographic features result in deflections betwe ...
... detail of the sample is translated from the electronic response of the van der Waal’s forces of attraction between the tip of the cantilever and the sample which is monitored and recorded (Dufrene and Müller, 2005). As the probe tip scans, the varying topographic features result in deflections betwe ...
Plant Cell
... et al., 2014). In support of this hypothesis is a recent study demonstrating that the calcium dependent protein kinase 5 (CPK5) is important for the propagation of the ROS wave in plants (Romeis and Herde, 2014). ROS generated in the apoplast by an RBOHD protein of a neighboring cell (as part of the ...
... et al., 2014). In support of this hypothesis is a recent study demonstrating that the calcium dependent protein kinase 5 (CPK5) is important for the propagation of the ROS wave in plants (Romeis and Herde, 2014). ROS generated in the apoplast by an RBOHD protein of a neighboring cell (as part of the ...
Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin
... mechanisms of vacuolar fragmentation (16, 18, 23–25). Accordingly, actin and its motor protein myosin could contribute the force required for auxin-dependent vacuolar fission and fusion events. Conversely, other studies have shown that several plant cells show interconnected vacuolar structures (26– ...
... mechanisms of vacuolar fragmentation (16, 18, 23–25). Accordingly, actin and its motor protein myosin could contribute the force required for auxin-dependent vacuolar fission and fusion events. Conversely, other studies have shown that several plant cells show interconnected vacuolar structures (26– ...
14 March 2017 ABI Response to FCA CP17/3: Proposed Handbook
... sourcebook, to bring offering and issuing of ILS within the scope of the FOS jurisdiction. If the FCA implements this proposal, persons claiming to be ‘eligible complainants’ should prove that they have invested directly in securities issued by the ISPV before any service complaint is considered to ...
... sourcebook, to bring offering and issuing of ILS within the scope of the FOS jurisdiction. If the FCA implements this proposal, persons claiming to be ‘eligible complainants’ should prove that they have invested directly in securities issued by the ISPV before any service complaint is considered to ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.