Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci
... pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellular bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of polysaccharides, protein ...
... pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellular bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of polysaccharides, protein ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1532K)
... 2, mice received two injections of saline. On Day 3, saline or one of 3 doses of RO 045595 HCl (RO; 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered 30 min prior to saline or 2 mg/kg MA. This dose of MA was chosen as a dose with stimulant effects in MALDR mice (Shabani et al, 2011). Doses of RO were selected by ...
... 2, mice received two injections of saline. On Day 3, saline or one of 3 doses of RO 045595 HCl (RO; 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered 30 min prior to saline or 2 mg/kg MA. This dose of MA was chosen as a dose with stimulant effects in MALDR mice (Shabani et al, 2011). Doses of RO were selected by ...
Cdc2-mediated Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve
... regrowth (Fawcett and Keynes, 1990). Schwann cell migration, which also occurs at proximal end of the injury area, provides a guide for regenerating axons by interacting with nerve fibers or basal lamina (Williams et al., 1983; Daniloff, 1991; Guenard et al., 1992; Torigoe et al., 1996). Several stu ...
... regrowth (Fawcett and Keynes, 1990). Schwann cell migration, which also occurs at proximal end of the injury area, provides a guide for regenerating axons by interacting with nerve fibers or basal lamina (Williams et al., 1983; Daniloff, 1991; Guenard et al., 1992; Torigoe et al., 1996). Several stu ...
The Cell Membrane
... Key Note Things tend to even out, unless something—like a cell membrane— prevents this from happening. Across a freely permeable or water permeable membrane, diffusion and osmosis will ...
... Key Note Things tend to even out, unless something—like a cell membrane— prevents this from happening. Across a freely permeable or water permeable membrane, diffusion and osmosis will ...
Recovery of the resurrection plant Craterostigma wilmsii from
... Fig. 4. (A) Mesophyll cell of slowly dried C. wilmsii tissue rehydrated to 100% RWC in distamycin A. Vacuole (v); chloroplasts (c). Note the folding of the mesophyll cell wall (w) and electron dense material in the vacuole. (B) Chloroplast of slowly dried C. wilmsii tissue rehydrated to 100% RWC in ...
... Fig. 4. (A) Mesophyll cell of slowly dried C. wilmsii tissue rehydrated to 100% RWC in distamycin A. Vacuole (v); chloroplasts (c). Note the folding of the mesophyll cell wall (w) and electron dense material in the vacuole. (B) Chloroplast of slowly dried C. wilmsii tissue rehydrated to 100% RWC in ...
Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient
... model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is influenced by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Using two in vivo models, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is transiently inhibited at the time of NC delamination. In attempting to define the mechanism underlying this inhibition, we ...
... model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is influenced by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Using two in vivo models, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is transiently inhibited at the time of NC delamination. In attempting to define the mechanism underlying this inhibition, we ...
the process of selection of erythromycin
... A sister cell of 14 a was placed in normal medium and yielded a clone (1 o generations) from which 15 cells were tested and were found to be sensitive. This result indicates that the cell did not contain significant amounts of E R mitochondria (<^ 25%). No significant increase in E R mitochondria ha ...
... A sister cell of 14 a was placed in normal medium and yielded a clone (1 o generations) from which 15 cells were tested and were found to be sensitive. This result indicates that the cell did not contain significant amounts of E R mitochondria (<^ 25%). No significant increase in E R mitochondria ha ...
Myocardin-like protein 2 regulates TGF signaling in
... expression of ECM that are rescued by forced expression of TGF2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MKL2 regulates a conserved TGF- signaling pathway that is required for angiogenesis and ultimately embryonic survival. ...
... expression of ECM that are rescued by forced expression of TGF2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MKL2 regulates a conserved TGF- signaling pathway that is required for angiogenesis and ultimately embryonic survival. ...
Is fibroblast growth factor 23 a harbinger of mortality in CKD
... Figure 2: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increases cell size in a dose-dependent manner. Panel A. Representative forwardscatter histograms (FSC-H) of HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with vehicle or FGF23 (900 pg/ml) for 48 h. Panel B. Summary of forward-scatter (FSC-H) data on cardiomyocytes treate ...
... Figure 2: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increases cell size in a dose-dependent manner. Panel A. Representative forwardscatter histograms (FSC-H) of HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with vehicle or FGF23 (900 pg/ml) for 48 h. Panel B. Summary of forward-scatter (FSC-H) data on cardiomyocytes treate ...
Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments
... cargo proteins except that some storage proteins are sorted at the ER or cis-Golgi (Hara-Nishimura et al., 1998; Park et al., 2004). Importantly, the TGN also functions as an early endosome (EE) in plants, as revealed by time-course experiments with the lipophilic endocytic tracer FM4-64 (Dettmer et ...
... cargo proteins except that some storage proteins are sorted at the ER or cis-Golgi (Hara-Nishimura et al., 1998; Park et al., 2004). Importantly, the TGN also functions as an early endosome (EE) in plants, as revealed by time-course experiments with the lipophilic endocytic tracer FM4-64 (Dettmer et ...
Myosin X is a downstream effector of PI(3)K during phagocytosis articles
... Deletion of myosin VII, in particular, results in selective defects in phagocytosis and dynamic adhesion11,12. Family tree analysis demonstrated that Dictyostelium myosin VII is structurally similar to vertebrate myosins VIIa, VIIb, X and XV. All these proteins contain MyTH4 domains of uncertain fun ...
... Deletion of myosin VII, in particular, results in selective defects in phagocytosis and dynamic adhesion11,12. Family tree analysis demonstrated that Dictyostelium myosin VII is structurally similar to vertebrate myosins VIIa, VIIb, X and XV. All these proteins contain MyTH4 domains of uncertain fun ...
The Methylosome, a 20S Complex Containing JBP1 and pICln
... Purification of the SMN complex. For purification of the SMN complex, Flag-Gemin2, myc-SMN, myc-Gemin3, and myc-Gemin4 were transiently expressed in 293 cells, and cytoplasmic extract was prepared from these cells and incubated with anti-Flag Sepharose (Sigma) for 2 h at 4°C. After extensive washing ...
... Purification of the SMN complex. For purification of the SMN complex, Flag-Gemin2, myc-SMN, myc-Gemin3, and myc-Gemin4 were transiently expressed in 293 cells, and cytoplasmic extract was prepared from these cells and incubated with anti-Flag Sepharose (Sigma) for 2 h at 4°C. After extensive washing ...
Document
... • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+cdc2 = MPF (Maller, Newport, Beach) ...
... • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+cdc2 = MPF (Maller, Newport, Beach) ...
Chemistry in living systems
... expression, localization or function of the protein to which they are attached. Also, fluorescent protein fusions can be visualized only by optical methods, without an obvious extension to other imaging modalities. Finally, GFP variants cannot be applied to visualization of glycans, lipids, nucleic ...
... expression, localization or function of the protein to which they are attached. Also, fluorescent protein fusions can be visualized only by optical methods, without an obvious extension to other imaging modalities. Finally, GFP variants cannot be applied to visualization of glycans, lipids, nucleic ...
Activation of Lymphocyte Signaling by the R1 Protein of Rhesus
... signal-transducing proteins including protein kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases (6, 23, 24). Sequences that bind to SH2 domains are characterized by phosphorylated tyrosine residues present in a variety of cellular signaling proteins such as lymphocyte receptors, adapter proteins, protein ki ...
... signal-transducing proteins including protein kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases (6, 23, 24). Sequences that bind to SH2 domains are characterized by phosphorylated tyrosine residues present in a variety of cellular signaling proteins such as lymphocyte receptors, adapter proteins, protein ki ...
An EMMPRIN–c-catenin–Nm23 complex drives ATP production and
... characterized in relation to tumorigenesis and inflammation (Muramatsu and Miyauchi, 2003). EMMPRIN can also contribute to angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, in several ways: (1) by endothelial cell activation when present on tumor-derived microvesicles (Millimaggi et al., 2007), (2) by reg ...
... characterized in relation to tumorigenesis and inflammation (Muramatsu and Miyauchi, 2003). EMMPRIN can also contribute to angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, in several ways: (1) by endothelial cell activation when present on tumor-derived microvesicles (Millimaggi et al., 2007), (2) by reg ...
Listeria In Vivo Dynamic Imaging of the Effector Immune Response to Infection
... lacking from static images. Intravital microscopy has been useful in understanding tissue specific responses to pathogens [29]. These studies have revealed active environmental sampling by resident DC networks that act as sentinals in peripheral organs such as skin and intestines during infection by ...
... lacking from static images. Intravital microscopy has been useful in understanding tissue specific responses to pathogens [29]. These studies have revealed active environmental sampling by resident DC networks that act as sentinals in peripheral organs such as skin and intestines during infection by ...
The Cortical Microtubule Array: From Dynamics to
... they affect the axes of cell elongation and predict the placement of cell division planes. The function of the CMTs is intimately linked to their organizational state, which is subject to spatial and temporal modifications by developmental and environmental cues. CMT assembly dynamics govern when, w ...
... they affect the axes of cell elongation and predict the placement of cell division planes. The function of the CMTs is intimately linked to their organizational state, which is subject to spatial and temporal modifications by developmental and environmental cues. CMT assembly dynamics govern when, w ...
Cellular Maturation Defects in Bruton`s Tyrosine
... regard to the expression levels of BP-1 and CD2 (5). In this respect, we now found that L chain-positive immature B cells are more affected by the lack of Btk than L chain-positive immature B cells. Given that gene rearrangements in pre-B cells are programmed to occur ⬃24 h later than rearra ...
... regard to the expression levels of BP-1 and CD2 (5). In this respect, we now found that L chain-positive immature B cells are more affected by the lack of Btk than L chain-positive immature B cells. Given that gene rearrangements in pre-B cells are programmed to occur ⬃24 h later than rearra ...
Patterns of Nogo mRNA and Protein Expression in the Developing
... Figure 1. Nogo isoforms, probes, and antisera. The three nogo transcripts with the common region (hatched), Nogo-A-specific region (white), Nogo-A/B-specific N terminus (dotted), and Nogo-C-specific N terminus (black, 11 aa) are shown. Two long hydrophobic stretches (35 and 36 aa) in the region comm ...
... Figure 1. Nogo isoforms, probes, and antisera. The three nogo transcripts with the common region (hatched), Nogo-A-specific region (white), Nogo-A/B-specific N terminus (dotted), and Nogo-C-specific N terminus (black, 11 aa) are shown. Two long hydrophobic stretches (35 and 36 aa) in the region comm ...
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).