The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
The role of cytoplasmic streaming in symplastic transport
... ‘tow’ phenomenon called drift. Magnetophoretic sedimentation of amyloplasts by a non-uniform magnetic field (e.g. Kuznetsov & Hasenstein 1996) is likewise a ‘tow’ phenomenon; and so also would be selective coupling of myosin to some particular type of macromolecule (or vesicle) and the subsequent tr ...
... ‘tow’ phenomenon called drift. Magnetophoretic sedimentation of amyloplasts by a non-uniform magnetic field (e.g. Kuznetsov & Hasenstein 1996) is likewise a ‘tow’ phenomenon; and so also would be selective coupling of myosin to some particular type of macromolecule (or vesicle) and the subsequent tr ...
Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Elements that Encode
... silico identification of regulatory elements embedded in the genome.25,26 Because higher selective pressure imposed on functional elements makes them more conserved than their surrounding nonfunctional DNA, scanning for evolutionarily conserved elements, an approach called phylogenetic footprinting, ...
... silico identification of regulatory elements embedded in the genome.25,26 Because higher selective pressure imposed on functional elements makes them more conserved than their surrounding nonfunctional DNA, scanning for evolutionarily conserved elements, an approach called phylogenetic footprinting, ...
sites of protein synthesis in nucleoli of root meristematic cells of
... Structural organization of the interphase nucleolus Light microscopy. A. cepa is a diploid species with a single pair of nucleolar chromosomes (Heitz, 1931). Two nucleoli, therefore, are formed at telophase and these, during interphase, may remain distinct (Fig. 1) or adhere to form a dumbbell-shape ...
... Structural organization of the interphase nucleolus Light microscopy. A. cepa is a diploid species with a single pair of nucleolar chromosomes (Heitz, 1931). Two nucleoli, therefore, are formed at telophase and these, during interphase, may remain distinct (Fig. 1) or adhere to form a dumbbell-shape ...
Cell Cycle - CiteSeerX
... silico identification of regulatory elements embedded in the genome.25,26 Because higher selective pressure imposed on functional elements makes them more conserved than their surrounding nonfunctional DNA, scanning for evolutionarily conserved elements, an approach called phylogenetic footprinting, ...
... silico identification of regulatory elements embedded in the genome.25,26 Because higher selective pressure imposed on functional elements makes them more conserved than their surrounding nonfunctional DNA, scanning for evolutionarily conserved elements, an approach called phylogenetic footprinting, ...
the Golgi Apparatus as the central station of the
... (Rambourg y Clermont, 1990) (Fig. 2). The morphologic polarity of the Golgi apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the ...
... (Rambourg y Clermont, 1990) (Fig. 2). The morphologic polarity of the Golgi apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the ...
Protein sensing in living cells by molecular rotor
... Since the uorescence of BG-CCVJ is activated only when it is covalently bound to MGMT, the low background signal of the probe should allow us to image the MGMT activity in cells without the washing operation so that high-throughput imaging of a large number of tumor cells can be rapidly achieved to ...
... Since the uorescence of BG-CCVJ is activated only when it is covalently bound to MGMT, the low background signal of the probe should allow us to image the MGMT activity in cells without the washing operation so that high-throughput imaging of a large number of tumor cells can be rapidly achieved to ...
POM-POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE
... and growth. The expansion is driven by vacuolar turgor pressure and is restricted by a strong, yet flexible, cell wall that permits directional cell growth. The cell wall is mainly constituted of polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins, and highly glycosylated proteins (Somer ...
... and growth. The expansion is driven by vacuolar turgor pressure and is restricted by a strong, yet flexible, cell wall that permits directional cell growth. The cell wall is mainly constituted of polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins, and highly glycosylated proteins (Somer ...
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.
... Two major categories of responses elicited by PAMPs are transcriptional and posttranslational. TLRs signal through several signaling adaptors, notably MyD88 and Trif, leading to a transcriptional response primarily dependent on the NF-kB and IRF-3/7 families of transcription factors (Kawai and Akira ...
... Two major categories of responses elicited by PAMPs are transcriptional and posttranslational. TLRs signal through several signaling adaptors, notably MyD88 and Trif, leading to a transcriptional response primarily dependent on the NF-kB and IRF-3/7 families of transcription factors (Kawai and Akira ...
NUCLEAR PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE CELL
... expression [1--10]. Many of the non-histone chromosomal proteins are phosphoproteins and modifications in their phosphate metabolism have been associated with changes in gene expression in a number of biological systems [9--13]. These modifications involve changes in the total amount of phosphorylat ...
... expression [1--10]. Many of the non-histone chromosomal proteins are phosphoproteins and modifications in their phosphate metabolism have been associated with changes in gene expression in a number of biological systems [9--13]. These modifications involve changes in the total amount of phosphorylat ...
Asymmetric adhesion of rod-shaped bacteria controls microcolony
... public good secretion [19]. However, bacterial elongation, which drives the expansion of the microcolony, competes with both cell-cell cohesion and surface attachment. To understand how elongation and adhesion shape morphogenesis, we performed a large set of experiments at both cellular and microcol ...
... public good secretion [19]. However, bacterial elongation, which drives the expansion of the microcolony, competes with both cell-cell cohesion and surface attachment. To understand how elongation and adhesion shape morphogenesis, we performed a large set of experiments at both cellular and microcol ...
Spermine Acts as a Negative Regulator of
... cells were collected, washed in serum-free RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 g/mL transferrin and 5 g/mL insulin and resuspended in the same medium at 2 ⫻ 104 cells/mL. Polyamines, 100 mol/L antisense oligonucleotides or a mixture of 15-mer oligonucleotides of random sequence, were added, and the ce ...
... cells were collected, washed in serum-free RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 g/mL transferrin and 5 g/mL insulin and resuspended in the same medium at 2 ⫻ 104 cells/mL. Polyamines, 100 mol/L antisense oligonucleotides or a mixture of 15-mer oligonucleotides of random sequence, were added, and the ce ...
Uptake of glutamate, not glutamine synthetase, regulates adaptation
... Changes in GS activity have been associated with the concentration of glutamine in the medium and these were investigated. The intracellular glutamine synthetase activity of McCoy (Fig. 3A) and MDCK cells (Fig. 3B) was determined by colorimetric assay over a 7-day growth period in GMEM + gmine. The ...
... Changes in GS activity have been associated with the concentration of glutamine in the medium and these were investigated. The intracellular glutamine synthetase activity of McCoy (Fig. 3A) and MDCK cells (Fig. 3B) was determined by colorimetric assay over a 7-day growth period in GMEM + gmine. The ...
Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31 T Cells in Patients With
... CD4ⴙ/CD31ⴙ T Cells Monocytes were enriched by negative magnetic selection (Dynal Biotech) from the peripheral blood of 3 healthy donors and cultured at 5⫻104 cells per well for 6 days in RPMI 1640 (10% fetal calf ...
... CD4ⴙ/CD31ⴙ T Cells Monocytes were enriched by negative magnetic selection (Dynal Biotech) from the peripheral blood of 3 healthy donors and cultured at 5⫻104 cells per well for 6 days in RPMI 1640 (10% fetal calf ...
Middle East Jeopardy - Central Kitsap Junior High
... Traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chloroplast ...
... Traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chloroplast ...
Developmental genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx
... FIGURE 2 | Overview of pharyngeal development. All pharyngeal cells are descendants of the ABa and MS cells which are born after 2 and 3 cell divisions of the zygote, respectively (a). ABa will produce 49 pharyngeal cells while MS will produce 39. These cells are born and migrate during gastrulation ...
... FIGURE 2 | Overview of pharyngeal development. All pharyngeal cells are descendants of the ABa and MS cells which are born after 2 and 3 cell divisions of the zygote, respectively (a). ABa will produce 49 pharyngeal cells while MS will produce 39. These cells are born and migrate during gastrulation ...
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... that give rise to each of these cells and by their characteristic positions within the embryo. Following injection of any of these identified cells with a cell lineage tracer during stages 6 or 7, a distinct and invariant segmentally repeated pattern of labeled progeny cells is observed later in the ...
... that give rise to each of these cells and by their characteristic positions within the embryo. Following injection of any of these identified cells with a cell lineage tracer during stages 6 or 7, a distinct and invariant segmentally repeated pattern of labeled progeny cells is observed later in the ...
Endothelial Repair and Endothelial Cell-Derived
... and lead to major CV events. However, there are multiple physiological pathways for Published: January 09, 2017 ...
... and lead to major CV events. However, there are multiple physiological pathways for Published: January 09, 2017 ...
Characterization of chloroplasts in pavement cells of Arabidopsis
... established that they were not always located in the same position with regard to the upper cell boundary. While observations taken after an eight-hour dark period showed up to 90% of the PCC located near the upper surface (Fig. 1C), they were localized mainly near the lower surface of the cell if t ...
... established that they were not always located in the same position with regard to the upper cell boundary. While observations taken after an eight-hour dark period showed up to 90% of the PCC located near the upper surface (Fig. 1C), they were localized mainly near the lower surface of the cell if t ...
The song of lipids and proteins: dynamic lipid
... 2010). Notoriously known examples involve the large membrane domains of polarized cells. Animal epithelial cells have a drastically different composition of the apical and basolateral membranes in terms of both lipids and proteins. The diffusion barrier formed by tight junctions prevents the membran ...
... 2010). Notoriously known examples involve the large membrane domains of polarized cells. Animal epithelial cells have a drastically different composition of the apical and basolateral membranes in terms of both lipids and proteins. The diffusion barrier formed by tight junctions prevents the membran ...
Expression of Recombinant Myelin
... Project, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and §Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 ...
... Project, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and §Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and signal termination. A crawling T cell constantly scans the sur ...
... activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and signal termination. A crawling T cell constantly scans the sur ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).