the Cell
... Proteins in the plasma membrane • Proteins in the plasma membrane play a variety of roles: – Enzymes catalyze reactions associated with the membranes, such as cell wall synthesis – Others serve as anchors for structural components of the cytoskeleton – Transport proteins move substances across the ...
... Proteins in the plasma membrane • Proteins in the plasma membrane play a variety of roles: – Enzymes catalyze reactions associated with the membranes, such as cell wall synthesis – Others serve as anchors for structural components of the cytoskeleton – Transport proteins move substances across the ...
Hitting the Sweet Spot-Glycans as Targets of Fungal Defense
... long-lived and constantly renewed vegetative mycelium, hyphae of dikaryotic fungi can form compact, short-lived and spore-producing structures, referred to as fruiting bodies, during their sexual reproduction cycle. The group of dikaryotic fungi comprises the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and c ...
... long-lived and constantly renewed vegetative mycelium, hyphae of dikaryotic fungi can form compact, short-lived and spore-producing structures, referred to as fruiting bodies, during their sexual reproduction cycle. The group of dikaryotic fungi comprises the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and c ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and signal termination. A crawling T cell constantly scans the sur ...
... activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and signal termination. A crawling T cell constantly scans the sur ...
chapter 9 telomeres and telomerase in adult stem cells and
... factors considered to accelerate aging and to be a risk of premature death, such as perceived stress, smoking and obesity, all of which have been proposed to negatively impact on telomere length.1‑4 Telomere shortening is also accelerated in various human diseases associated with aging, such as card ...
... factors considered to accelerate aging and to be a risk of premature death, such as perceived stress, smoking and obesity, all of which have been proposed to negatively impact on telomere length.1‑4 Telomere shortening is also accelerated in various human diseases associated with aging, such as card ...
Apigenin
... that apigenin inhibits expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human ovarian cancer cells. VEGF plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth. We found that apigenin inhibited VEGF expression at the transcriptional level through expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a ...
... that apigenin inhibits expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human ovarian cancer cells. VEGF plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth. We found that apigenin inhibited VEGF expression at the transcriptional level through expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a ...
Title in Title Case and Bolded
... and biocompatibility. However, when titanium and titanium alloy is implanted into a complicated and aggressive physiological in vivo environment, the oxide stability may be affected, resulting in increasing metal ion release. Degasen et al. (1999) found that titanium ions (in concentration ranging f ...
... and biocompatibility. However, when titanium and titanium alloy is implanted into a complicated and aggressive physiological in vivo environment, the oxide stability may be affected, resulting in increasing metal ion release. Degasen et al. (1999) found that titanium ions (in concentration ranging f ...
Actin behavior in bulk cytoplasm is cell cycle regulated in early
... of myosin II. This was one of the founding observations for the field of non-muscle cell motility, and investigation of its mechanism led to the purification of important actin-interacting proteins (Pollard, 1981). Gelation-contraction was recently reconstituted from pure mixtures of actin, a filame ...
... of myosin II. This was one of the founding observations for the field of non-muscle cell motility, and investigation of its mechanism led to the purification of important actin-interacting proteins (Pollard, 1981). Gelation-contraction was recently reconstituted from pure mixtures of actin, a filame ...
Primary Mediastinal Seminomas: Evidence of Single KIT
... Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Cellular Pathology and Genetics, Rockville, Maryland SUMMARY: Primary mediastinal seminomas (MS) are rare tumors that are histologically similar to their testicular counterparts. Reports document KIT mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mas ...
... Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Cellular Pathology and Genetics, Rockville, Maryland SUMMARY: Primary mediastinal seminomas (MS) are rare tumors that are histologically similar to their testicular counterparts. Reports document KIT mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mas ...
During Cytokinesis Light Chain, Tctex
... mutant t haplotypes (34). t haplotypes contain multiple conserved mutated genetic elements within the t complex that are responsible for various phenotypes of tail length, embryonic lethality, male sterility, and sperm cell transmission ratio distortion (35). Analysis of the Tctex-1 protein has been ...
... mutant t haplotypes (34). t haplotypes contain multiple conserved mutated genetic elements within the t complex that are responsible for various phenotypes of tail length, embryonic lethality, male sterility, and sperm cell transmission ratio distortion (35). Analysis of the Tctex-1 protein has been ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
... form [5,6]. The Rab-GTP can then bind to effector proteins like tethers and can thus promote vesicle binding and fusion. The Rab-cycle is completed by stimulating the GTPase of the Rab with the help of a GTP-hydrolysis activating protein (GAP), and subsequent binding of Rab-GDP binding to GDI. In su ...
... form [5,6]. The Rab-GTP can then bind to effector proteins like tethers and can thus promote vesicle binding and fusion. The Rab-cycle is completed by stimulating the GTPase of the Rab with the help of a GTP-hydrolysis activating protein (GAP), and subsequent binding of Rab-GDP binding to GDI. In su ...
Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long
... a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal plant model for such approaches because (1) as a single-celled organism all cells are of the same type and different cell cycle stages may be ...
... a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal plant model for such approaches because (1) as a single-celled organism all cells are of the same type and different cell cycle stages may be ...
Transport of intravenously-injected ferritin across the guinea
... by a single layer of attenuated vascular endothelium (en), collagen fibres (c), and two synovial cells (s). The vessel contains a polymorphonuclear cell (po). x 3,000 Pericytes and the basement membrane around Endothelial cells Ferritin was never seen free in the synovial vessels resembled those sur ...
... by a single layer of attenuated vascular endothelium (en), collagen fibres (c), and two synovial cells (s). The vessel contains a polymorphonuclear cell (po). x 3,000 Pericytes and the basement membrane around Endothelial cells Ferritin was never seen free in the synovial vessels resembled those sur ...
The ability of natural tolerance to be applied to
... immunization with donor spleen cells did not trigger rejection of long established grafts. In contrast, seven out of eight fresh grafts and all one-month healed grafts were completely rejected (Figure 2). In the one post-FL graft where it appeared that some graft tissue remained, the graft was not b ...
... immunization with donor spleen cells did not trigger rejection of long established grafts. In contrast, seven out of eight fresh grafts and all one-month healed grafts were completely rejected (Figure 2). In the one post-FL graft where it appeared that some graft tissue remained, the graft was not b ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... The fission yeast S. pombe differentiates into ascospores under conditions of nutrient limitation. In the presence of nutrients, fission yeast cells reproduce asexually by means of the mitotic cell cycle. Upon nutritional starvation, they arrest the cell cycle in G1 and undergo sexual differentiatio ...
... The fission yeast S. pombe differentiates into ascospores under conditions of nutrient limitation. In the presence of nutrients, fission yeast cells reproduce asexually by means of the mitotic cell cycle. Upon nutritional starvation, they arrest the cell cycle in G1 and undergo sexual differentiatio ...
Document
... whether c- and s-looping are equally dependent on mechanical forces. When cultured in isolation, chick embryo hearts spontaneously bend into c-shaped tubes [18,90], and this process is independent of blood flow [141]. In contrast, isolated c-looped hearts have no intrinsic potential to form an s-loop ...
... whether c- and s-looping are equally dependent on mechanical forces. When cultured in isolation, chick embryo hearts spontaneously bend into c-shaped tubes [18,90], and this process is independent of blood flow [141]. In contrast, isolated c-looped hearts have no intrinsic potential to form an s-loop ...
Culm strenth of a rice brittle mutant
... These showed that the fp2 affected the mechanical strength and the elasticity in the plant. The fp2 mutant has an alteration in plant morphology The fp2 plants exhibited a semi-dwarf with shorter culm, shorter drooping leaf and a disperse phenotype compared with the wild type (Fig. 2A). The height ...
... These showed that the fp2 affected the mechanical strength and the elasticity in the plant. The fp2 mutant has an alteration in plant morphology The fp2 plants exhibited a semi-dwarf with shorter culm, shorter drooping leaf and a disperse phenotype compared with the wild type (Fig. 2A). The height ...
1 Sporulation, bacterial cell envelopes, and the origin of life Elitza I
... reasoning as above (it is unlikely that the diderm cell plan evolved multiple times or was laterally transferred), a very early sporulation process must have led to a diderm that is the last common ancestor of all other cells (in bioinformatics parlance, we argue this because all the diderms are not ...
... reasoning as above (it is unlikely that the diderm cell plan evolved multiple times or was laterally transferred), a very early sporulation process must have led to a diderm that is the last common ancestor of all other cells (in bioinformatics parlance, we argue this because all the diderms are not ...
Development
... revealed that this phenotype was caused by overexpression of the novel gene LNG1, which was found to have a homolog, LNG2, in Arabidopsis. To further examine the role of the LNG genes, we characterized lng1 and lng2 loss-of-function mutant lines. In contrast to the elongated leaves of lng1-1D plants ...
... revealed that this phenotype was caused by overexpression of the novel gene LNG1, which was found to have a homolog, LNG2, in Arabidopsis. To further examine the role of the LNG genes, we characterized lng1 and lng2 loss-of-function mutant lines. In contrast to the elongated leaves of lng1-1D plants ...
BET bromodomain inhibition suppresses TH17
... BET bromodomains control human TH17 differentiation Because BET bromodomain inhibition results in the suppression of a subset of NF-B–dependent genes in murine macrophages (Nicodeme et al., 2010), we hypothesized that BET proteins may also play fundamental roles in other NF-B–mediated processes, s ...
... BET bromodomains control human TH17 differentiation Because BET bromodomain inhibition results in the suppression of a subset of NF-B–dependent genes in murine macrophages (Nicodeme et al., 2010), we hypothesized that BET proteins may also play fundamental roles in other NF-B–mediated processes, s ...
... localised between the cell wall and cytoplasm membrane, which appeared thickened on TEM negative staining. The cell wall appeared broken at many sites and this was attributed to the breakdown of the cell wall leading to cell lysis and death. The BLB adhered to the Microcystis cell plasmalema by mean ...
Cell intercalation during Drosophila germband extension and its
... Although mutations that are specifically defective in germband extension have not yet been isolated, mutations in many of the genes involved in patterning along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo also reduce germband extension. Germband extension is reduced by mutations in the maternal coordi ...
... Although mutations that are specifically defective in germband extension have not yet been isolated, mutations in many of the genes involved in patterning along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo also reduce germband extension. Germband extension is reduced by mutations in the maternal coordi ...
Electrocardioqraphic criteria for predicting the site of coronary artery
... transfer of plasmids by transposon mechanism that occurs at low frequency on filter, and many explain the spread of Rgene to many different species . As opposed to ordinary transposons , which can jump within cell from one DNA location to another, conjugative transposons also encode the ability to b ...
... transfer of plasmids by transposon mechanism that occurs at low frequency on filter, and many explain the spread of Rgene to many different species . As opposed to ordinary transposons , which can jump within cell from one DNA location to another, conjugative transposons also encode the ability to b ...
On the Morphology of the Drosophila Heart
... Abstract: The circulatory system of Drosophila melanogaster represents an easily amenable genetic model whose analysis at different levels, i.e., from single molecules up to functional anatomy, has provided new insights into general aspects of cardiogenesis, heart physiology and cardiac aging, to na ...
... Abstract: The circulatory system of Drosophila melanogaster represents an easily amenable genetic model whose analysis at different levels, i.e., from single molecules up to functional anatomy, has provided new insights into general aspects of cardiogenesis, heart physiology and cardiac aging, to na ...
A-new-precipitation-technique-provides-evidence-for-the
... CBs were not perfect barriers to apoplastic ion fluxes. In contrast, ferrocyanide ions failed to cross the mature endodermis of both corn and rice at detectable amounts. The concentration limit of apoplastic copper was 0.8 mM at a perfusion with 200 mM K4[Fe(CN)6]. Asymmetric development of precipit ...
... CBs were not perfect barriers to apoplastic ion fluxes. In contrast, ferrocyanide ions failed to cross the mature endodermis of both corn and rice at detectable amounts. The concentration limit of apoplastic copper was 0.8 mM at a perfusion with 200 mM K4[Fe(CN)6]. Asymmetric development of precipit ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).