Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
... has been performed with two divergent members of the genus, the saprophytic bacterium M. smegmatis and the human pathogen M. tuberculosis. These two species have a number of important differences, and we do not know how many of the lessons learned with one apply to the other or, more generally, to o ...
... has been performed with two divergent members of the genus, the saprophytic bacterium M. smegmatis and the human pathogen M. tuberculosis. These two species have a number of important differences, and we do not know how many of the lessons learned with one apply to the other or, more generally, to o ...
Natural Killer Cell Development In the Adult Human Liver MSc
... functional studies of these subsets by Lanier and colleagues revealed that CD56bright NK cells from blood secrete immunoregulatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and they are less effective ...
... functional studies of these subsets by Lanier and colleagues revealed that CD56bright NK cells from blood secrete immunoregulatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and they are less effective ...
Distinct and collaborative roles of Drosophila EXT family proteins in
... studies have demonstrated that both the attachment of the first α-GlcNAc to the GAG-protein linkage region and the subsequent polymer formation are catalyzed by members of the hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) gene family of tumor supressors (Esko and Selleck, 2002; Zak et al., 2002). In vertebrat ...
... studies have demonstrated that both the attachment of the first α-GlcNAc to the GAG-protein linkage region and the subsequent polymer formation are catalyzed by members of the hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) gene family of tumor supressors (Esko and Selleck, 2002; Zak et al., 2002). In vertebrat ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... photon energy. The inhomogeneity inherent to most biological specimen, and in particular, to the internal structure of various cells, leads to high quality SHG images without any preconditioning such as labelling or staining that might induce undesirable effects in the living cell (Reshak, 2009). Hi ...
... photon energy. The inhomogeneity inherent to most biological specimen, and in particular, to the internal structure of various cells, leads to high quality SHG images without any preconditioning such as labelling or staining that might induce undesirable effects in the living cell (Reshak, 2009). Hi ...
Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Reactive
... peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (.OH). Singlet oxygen ( O2) can be formed in ...
... peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (.OH). Singlet oxygen ( O2) can be formed in ...
Influence of Notch on dorsoventral
... al., 1999), but there are crucial differences between the action of Notch at the DV boundary and that of Hh at the AP boundary. Signaling between dorsal and ventral compartments is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional. Additionally, neither ectopic activation of Notch nor loss of Notch activati ...
... al., 1999), but there are crucial differences between the action of Notch at the DV boundary and that of Hh at the AP boundary. Signaling between dorsal and ventral compartments is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional. Additionally, neither ectopic activation of Notch nor loss of Notch activati ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... that contact germ cells during their migration, or more directly in the production or localization of a guidance cue. As the migration defect is first observed when the germ cells leave the midgut, we analyzed the development of the midgut and the gonadal mesoderm in mutant embryos. In situ hybridiz ...
... that contact germ cells during their migration, or more directly in the production or localization of a guidance cue. As the migration defect is first observed when the germ cells leave the midgut, we analyzed the development of the midgut and the gonadal mesoderm in mutant embryos. In situ hybridiz ...
- Wiley Online Library
... elements are expressed in VCs but not SCs (Slotkin et al., 2009). These findings suggest distinct accessibility and compaction of chromatin in these cell types, resulting from different histone patterns of individual cell types. However, because of the difficulty in isolating GCs and SCs from pollen ...
... elements are expressed in VCs but not SCs (Slotkin et al., 2009). These findings suggest distinct accessibility and compaction of chromatin in these cell types, resulting from different histone patterns of individual cell types. However, because of the difficulty in isolating GCs and SCs from pollen ...
E-cadherin controls β-catenin and NF
... to a mesenchymal phenotype in a process known as epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) (Savagner, 2001; Huber et al., 2005). This phenomenon, essential for embryo development, is also required for the acquisition of invasive properties by cancer cells. EMT is also reversible, and conversion of m ...
... to a mesenchymal phenotype in a process known as epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) (Savagner, 2001; Huber et al., 2005). This phenomenon, essential for embryo development, is also required for the acquisition of invasive properties by cancer cells. EMT is also reversible, and conversion of m ...
Cell size trade-offs govern light exploitation strategies in
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein
... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
F-actin Sequesters Elongation Factor from Interaction with
... A correlation between cytoplasmic alkalinization and increases in protein synthesis has been observed in a number of different cell types (for review see Grinstein et al., 1989). In sea urchins, elevation of intracellular pH serves as a primary signal in the activation of protein synthesis at fertil ...
... A correlation between cytoplasmic alkalinization and increases in protein synthesis has been observed in a number of different cell types (for review see Grinstein et al., 1989). In sea urchins, elevation of intracellular pH serves as a primary signal in the activation of protein synthesis at fertil ...
Oriented cell motility and division underlie early limb bud
... Live imaging at this site revealed tissue movement in a rostral-tocaudal direction relative to somite boundaries (n8 embryos studied) (Fig. 1A; see Movie 1 in the supplementary material). This finding explains previous fate-mapping (Chaube, 1959) and Tbx5 gene expression (Agarwal et al., 2003; Ahn ...
... Live imaging at this site revealed tissue movement in a rostral-tocaudal direction relative to somite boundaries (n8 embryos studied) (Fig. 1A; see Movie 1 in the supplementary material). This finding explains previous fate-mapping (Chaube, 1959) and Tbx5 gene expression (Agarwal et al., 2003; Ahn ...
Mechanosensitive Channels:
... This region seems to be the main business end of the MscS. Just like in MscL, this region is occupied by a lot of hydrophobic amino acids. The pore is almost totally hydrophobic with the exception of ARG 88 and GLN 112. Both groups present –NH3 groups to the pore surface, and it could be these posit ...
... This region seems to be the main business end of the MscS. Just like in MscL, this region is occupied by a lot of hydrophobic amino acids. The pore is almost totally hydrophobic with the exception of ARG 88 and GLN 112. Both groups present –NH3 groups to the pore surface, and it could be these posit ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization Induced by
... Shimazaki, 1999) as well as in reconstituted proteoliposomes integrating the plasma membrane proteins from Beta vulgaris roots (Lino et al., 1998). The reduction of proton pump activity in response to the external stimuli triggers an extracellular alkalinization. This was observed for most of the ex ...
... Shimazaki, 1999) as well as in reconstituted proteoliposomes integrating the plasma membrane proteins from Beta vulgaris roots (Lino et al., 1998). The reduction of proton pump activity in response to the external stimuli triggers an extracellular alkalinization. This was observed for most of the ex ...
AP Biology Unit 3 Introductory PP
... • Protobionts are aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane-like structure • Experiments demonstrate that protobionts could have formed spontaneously from abiotically produced organic compounds • For example, small membrane-bounded droplets called liposomes ca ...
... • Protobionts are aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane-like structure • Experiments demonstrate that protobionts could have formed spontaneously from abiotically produced organic compounds • For example, small membrane-bounded droplets called liposomes ca ...
Cell cycle behavior of human HP1 subtypes: distinct
... Intracellular localization of YFP-fused HP1 subtypes We examined the localization of YFP-fusion constructs of human HP1 subtypes in HeLa cells. HeLa cells transiently expressing YFP-fused HP1 were fixed and observed under a fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two diff ...
... Intracellular localization of YFP-fused HP1 subtypes We examined the localization of YFP-fusion constructs of human HP1 subtypes in HeLa cells. HeLa cells transiently expressing YFP-fused HP1 were fixed and observed under a fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two diff ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
... In most studies, the origin of MTs, stabilized by specific proteins in the Golgi vicinity, has not been tested, and it would not be correct to imply that only MTs nucleated at the Golgi can be stabilized via these mechanisms. However, Golgi-derived MTs obviously fall into the category of MTs in the ...
... In most studies, the origin of MTs, stabilized by specific proteins in the Golgi vicinity, has not been tested, and it would not be correct to imply that only MTs nucleated at the Golgi can be stabilized via these mechanisms. However, Golgi-derived MTs obviously fall into the category of MTs in the ...
HGF and TGFβ1 differently influenced Wwox regulatory function on
... from squamous cell carcinoma [13]. Although EMT seems a transient process, present at least only at the invasive front of carcinomas, while MET being the driving force for metastatic colonization [7], the molecular regulators that promote MET transition, critical for the formation of bone metastasis ...
... from squamous cell carcinoma [13]. Although EMT seems a transient process, present at least only at the invasive front of carcinomas, while MET being the driving force for metastatic colonization [7], the molecular regulators that promote MET transition, critical for the formation of bone metastasis ...
Active gel physics
... expansion, this velocity is proportional to �µ. Note that other terms specific to polar systems—but not associated with irreversibility— link the fluxes to hydrodynamic shear. For the dynamics of orientational order, active terms for nematic and polar systems are different. The dynamic equation of th ...
... expansion, this velocity is proportional to �µ. Note that other terms specific to polar systems—but not associated with irreversibility— link the fluxes to hydrodynamic shear. For the dynamics of orientational order, active terms for nematic and polar systems are different. The dynamic equation of th ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).