Continuity And Change: Paradigm Shifts In Neural Induction
... information about how these processes occur. In fact, within the past five years, these techniques have occasioned three major paradigm shifts in this area. First, as we shall see, the paradigm for neural induction (since 1924) has been that soluble molecules are secreted by the organizer, a structu ...
... information about how these processes occur. In fact, within the past five years, these techniques have occasioned three major paradigm shifts in this area. First, as we shall see, the paradigm for neural induction (since 1924) has been that soluble molecules are secreted by the organizer, a structu ...
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response
... autophagy is also well known to contribute to programmed cell death (PCD) by degradation of cellular contents before death [31]. Classical apoptosis as seen in animal cells is unlikely to occur in most plant systems, as the presence of the cell wall would preclude engulfment of cellular remains by s ...
... autophagy is also well known to contribute to programmed cell death (PCD) by degradation of cellular contents before death [31]. Classical apoptosis as seen in animal cells is unlikely to occur in most plant systems, as the presence of the cell wall would preclude engulfment of cellular remains by s ...
Identification of Myosin XI Receptors in Arabidopsis Defines a
... To characterize the mechanism through which myosin XI-K attaches to its principal endomembrane cargo, a yeast twohybrid library of Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs was screened using the myosin cargo binding domain as bait. This screen identified two previously uncharacterized transmembrane proteins (herei ...
... To characterize the mechanism through which myosin XI-K attaches to its principal endomembrane cargo, a yeast twohybrid library of Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs was screened using the myosin cargo binding domain as bait. This screen identified two previously uncharacterized transmembrane proteins (herei ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... and (iii) transcellular transport crossing both the intra- and intercellular space19 and requiring repeated transport through plasma membranes. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of the different types of signaling molecule transport in plants, with a particular focus on the di ...
... and (iii) transcellular transport crossing both the intra- and intercellular space19 and requiring repeated transport through plasma membranes. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of the different types of signaling molecule transport in plants, with a particular focus on the di ...
Expression of GFP-fusions in Arabidopsis companion cells reveals
... numbers or specialized forms of most other cellular organelles (Behnke, 1989). Consequently, these cells depend during their entire lifespan on the continuous supply not only of energy, but also of macromolecules, such as enzymes, structural proteins and membrane transporters. All these components s ...
... numbers or specialized forms of most other cellular organelles (Behnke, 1989). Consequently, these cells depend during their entire lifespan on the continuous supply not only of energy, but also of macromolecules, such as enzymes, structural proteins and membrane transporters. All these components s ...
Specialization of oleosins in OB dynamics during seed development
... 0.009, Supplemental Table SI). Focusing first on OBs lacking OLE1, OLE2 and OLE4 proteins (ole1ole2ole4 mutant), the increase of OB volume (Figure 4A, mean of volume) indicated a fusion process, even without effect of the studied oleosin. Adding OLE4 oleosin (ole1ole2 mutant) resulted in a decrease ...
... 0.009, Supplemental Table SI). Focusing first on OBs lacking OLE1, OLE2 and OLE4 proteins (ole1ole2ole4 mutant), the increase of OB volume (Figure 4A, mean of volume) indicated a fusion process, even without effect of the studied oleosin. Adding OLE4 oleosin (ole1ole2 mutant) resulted in a decrease ...
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis
... apoptosis in cultured cells by moderate oxidative stress. LMP was found to be a response to such stress, which was then apparently followed by MMP and classical apoptosis (reviewed in Brunk et al. 2001). Even earlier, however, it was realized that a mitochondrial release of apoptogenic substances, s ...
... apoptosis in cultured cells by moderate oxidative stress. LMP was found to be a response to such stress, which was then apparently followed by MMP and classical apoptosis (reviewed in Brunk et al. 2001). Even earlier, however, it was realized that a mitochondrial release of apoptogenic substances, s ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants Auxins are a class of
... xylem and phloem. Xylem and phloem constitute the vasculature based transport systems. They both consist of conductive elements that form continuous tubular columns. Xylem is made of tracheary elements, which are dead, thick-walled cells that are depleted of their cellular content (including the nuc ...
... xylem and phloem. Xylem and phloem constitute the vasculature based transport systems. They both consist of conductive elements that form continuous tubular columns. Xylem is made of tracheary elements, which are dead, thick-walled cells that are depleted of their cellular content (including the nuc ...
- Wiley Online Library
... near and n = 39 far). The average diameter of the neurites in which we tracked mitochondrial movement, determined from all of those for which we had DIC images, was 1.16 ± 0.1 μm (mean ± SEM, N = 19). Well above the diffraction limit of the point spread function (>400 nm), the apparent and real size ...
... near and n = 39 far). The average diameter of the neurites in which we tracked mitochondrial movement, determined from all of those for which we had DIC images, was 1.16 ± 0.1 μm (mean ± SEM, N = 19). Well above the diffraction limit of the point spread function (>400 nm), the apparent and real size ...
Molecular mapping of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in focal
... paxillin in focal complexes and focal adhesions. Data ...
... paxillin in focal complexes and focal adhesions. Data ...
Liver development
... hepatogenesis have been identified. Recently application of this knowledge has enabled researchers to produce “hepatic-like” tissue from embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro, which may ultimately lead to therapeutically useful tissue for transplantation. This review summarizes the current understandin ...
... hepatogenesis have been identified. Recently application of this knowledge has enabled researchers to produce “hepatic-like” tissue from embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro, which may ultimately lead to therapeutically useful tissue for transplantation. This review summarizes the current understandin ...
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... connexió immediata, per la complicitat i amistat sincera, a més de per la muntanya que encara hem de començar a fer junts. Thanks to my New York girls: Gracias a Carolina (la Pola), por ser la alegría de la huerta y por casi llevarme al huerto, además de por tu amistad. Gracias a Laura, todo-corazón ...
... connexió immediata, per la complicitat i amistat sincera, a més de per la muntanya que encara hem de començar a fer junts. Thanks to my New York girls: Gracias a Carolina (la Pola), por ser la alegría de la huerta y por casi llevarme al huerto, además de por tu amistad. Gracias a Laura, todo-corazón ...
The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning
... The development of multicellular organisms requires the specification of cells into various types that differ in shape, size, composition and function. Owing to their reiterative and potentially indeterminate mode of growth, plants remain highly responsive to environmental cues post-embryonically. I ...
... The development of multicellular organisms requires the specification of cells into various types that differ in shape, size, composition and function. Owing to their reiterative and potentially indeterminate mode of growth, plants remain highly responsive to environmental cues post-embryonically. I ...
Practice Test Answer Key
... ____ 25. When a female salmon nears the end of her life, she returns to the river where she was born so that she can lay her eggs. This is an example of a. an inherited characteristic. c. a physical adaptation. b. an adaptation. d. a learned behaviour. ____ 26. A frog that buries itself in the mud f ...
... ____ 25. When a female salmon nears the end of her life, she returns to the river where she was born so that she can lay her eggs. This is an example of a. an inherited characteristic. c. a physical adaptation. b. an adaptation. d. a learned behaviour. ____ 26. A frog that buries itself in the mud f ...
Therapeutic approaches to Lysosomal Storage Disorders
... Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) are different inherited diseases caused by the deficit of lysosomal or non-lysosomal proteins, resulting in the accumulation of undegraded substrates in lysosomes. Recent studies support the idea that LSDs are associated with a global impairment of the entire endo- ...
... Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) are different inherited diseases caused by the deficit of lysosomal or non-lysosomal proteins, resulting in the accumulation of undegraded substrates in lysosomes. Recent studies support the idea that LSDs are associated with a global impairment of the entire endo- ...
Holding it all together? Candidate proteins for the plant Golgi matrix
... such gene. A carboxy-terminal domain of the protein that is encoded by ORF At5 g66030 is 50% identical to the GRIP domain of Golgin-97. A fusion protein that consists of the this putative Arabidopsis GRIP domain and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was recently reported to colocate with the Golgi mar ...
... such gene. A carboxy-terminal domain of the protein that is encoded by ORF At5 g66030 is 50% identical to the GRIP domain of Golgin-97. A fusion protein that consists of the this putative Arabidopsis GRIP domain and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was recently reported to colocate with the Golgi mar ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... (Huangfu et al., 2003). Substantial studies have now revealed that defects in cilia structure or function lie at the root of a wide range of human diseases, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney disease, and Bardet–Biedl and Meckel–Gruber syndromes (Baker and Beales, 2009; Hildebrand ...
... (Huangfu et al., 2003). Substantial studies have now revealed that defects in cilia structure or function lie at the root of a wide range of human diseases, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney disease, and Bardet–Biedl and Meckel–Gruber syndromes (Baker and Beales, 2009; Hildebrand ...
Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin in mitochondrial
... & 2013 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. ...
... & 2013 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. ...
Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Higmore)
... that of the nasal cavity. Composed predominantly of pseudostratified columnar ciliated cells derived from the olfactory epithelium of the middle nasal meatus, in addition to columnar non ciliated cells, basal ells and mucous producing and secreting goblet cells. The pseudostratified columnar cil ...
... that of the nasal cavity. Composed predominantly of pseudostratified columnar ciliated cells derived from the olfactory epithelium of the middle nasal meatus, in addition to columnar non ciliated cells, basal ells and mucous producing and secreting goblet cells. The pseudostratified columnar cil ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).