Interactions between plant endomembrane systems and the actin
... et al., 2009b); they interact with the ER through a proteinaceous bridge, which contains COPII proteins required for ER exit site (ERES) formation (Hanton et al., 2009). Interactions between microtubules and ERES components have been described in animals and these involve direct interaction with Sec ...
... et al., 2009b); they interact with the ER through a proteinaceous bridge, which contains COPII proteins required for ER exit site (ERES) formation (Hanton et al., 2009). Interactions between microtubules and ERES components have been described in animals and these involve direct interaction with Sec ...
Expression Sequences and Distribution of Two Primary Cell
... as shown by immunoblot analysis. The functional reactivity of this antibody in Xenopus was established by its ability (Gallin et al., 1983) to inhibit the aggregation of tadpole skin ceils in the presence of calcium. Skin cells were prepared by immersing stage 32 or 38 tadpoles in Hepes-buffered, Ca ...
... as shown by immunoblot analysis. The functional reactivity of this antibody in Xenopus was established by its ability (Gallin et al., 1983) to inhibit the aggregation of tadpole skin ceils in the presence of calcium. Skin cells were prepared by immersing stage 32 or 38 tadpoles in Hepes-buffered, Ca ...
Activation of Pax7-Positive Cells in a Non
... tissues, including skeletal muscles after limb amputation. This remarkable ability of urodeles to restore entire limbs has been largely linked to a dedifferentiation-dependent mechanism of regeneration. However, whether cell dedifferentiation is the fundamental factor that triggers a robust regenera ...
... tissues, including skeletal muscles after limb amputation. This remarkable ability of urodeles to restore entire limbs has been largely linked to a dedifferentiation-dependent mechanism of regeneration. However, whether cell dedifferentiation is the fundamental factor that triggers a robust regenera ...
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... stomatal and muscle development is a case of convergent evolution, because the last common ancestor of plants and animals was unicellular (Meyerowitz, 2002) and because the plant bHLH transcription factors are a distinct subfamily from that containing the myogenic and neurogenic factors. Given their ...
... stomatal and muscle development is a case of convergent evolution, because the last common ancestor of plants and animals was unicellular (Meyerowitz, 2002) and because the plant bHLH transcription factors are a distinct subfamily from that containing the myogenic and neurogenic factors. Given their ...
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall
... Various data support the role of cellulose fibres in plasma membrane–cell wall adhesion (reviewed in Cvřcková, 2013; Martinière and Runions, 2013). Interestingly, cellulose has recently been shown to restrict plasma membrane protein diffusion, which may explain the slow diffusion of plant plasma mem ...
... Various data support the role of cellulose fibres in plasma membrane–cell wall adhesion (reviewed in Cvřcková, 2013; Martinière and Runions, 2013). Interestingly, cellulose has recently been shown to restrict plasma membrane protein diffusion, which may explain the slow diffusion of plant plasma mem ...
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall continuum
... that the CSCs are delivered to DRM microdomains. Lipid analysis revealed that DRMs are enriched in sterols and sphingolipids (Borner et al., 2005; Lefebvre et al., 2007). Sterols are one of the most important regulators of plasma membrane microdomain maintenance (Zauber et al., 2014). Perturbations ...
... that the CSCs are delivered to DRM microdomains. Lipid analysis revealed that DRMs are enriched in sterols and sphingolipids (Borner et al., 2005; Lefebvre et al., 2007). Sterols are one of the most important regulators of plasma membrane microdomain maintenance (Zauber et al., 2014). Perturbations ...
Interaction with PI3-kinase contributes to the cytotoxic activity ofApoptin S Maddika
... (Rohn et al., 2002). However, it was also shown that a C-terminally truncated apoptin mutant, in which the phosphorylation site was deleted, was still able to translocate to the nucleus and induce apoptosis (Guelen et al., 2004). Thus, the interaction with other molecules or additional modifications ...
... (Rohn et al., 2002). However, it was also shown that a C-terminally truncated apoptin mutant, in which the phosphorylation site was deleted, was still able to translocate to the nucleus and induce apoptosis (Guelen et al., 2004). Thus, the interaction with other molecules or additional modifications ...
BE WHEN THEY GROW UP? Lessons from Epidermal Patterning in
... transcription factors. Second, the timing and location of differentiation is often regulated by both long-range hormonal signals and local cell-cell signaling. Third, differentiating cells often either stop cycling mitotically or enter a modified cell cycle. The plant epidermis is an excellent tissu ...
... transcription factors. Second, the timing and location of differentiation is often regulated by both long-range hormonal signals and local cell-cell signaling. Third, differentiating cells often either stop cycling mitotically or enter a modified cell cycle. The plant epidermis is an excellent tissu ...
Common infection strategies of plant and animal pathogenic bacteria
... and was only recently demonstrated for effector proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria. Here, evidence for protein translocation was provided by the use of reporter fusions and by direct visualization of effector proteins inside the infected plant cells using immunocytochemistry [22,23,24,25,26 ...
... and was only recently demonstrated for effector proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria. Here, evidence for protein translocation was provided by the use of reporter fusions and by direct visualization of effector proteins inside the infected plant cells using immunocytochemistry [22,23,24,25,26 ...
Multipotent stem cells from the dorsal aorta
... days the explant was dissociated into a single cell suspension, labeled with DiI as described (Tajbakhsh et al., 1994). After labeling, an aliquot of cells was stained with Hoechst to confirm that more than 95% of the cell population had been labeled. The cell suspension was plated at limiting dilut ...
... days the explant was dissociated into a single cell suspension, labeled with DiI as described (Tajbakhsh et al., 1994). After labeling, an aliquot of cells was stained with Hoechst to confirm that more than 95% of the cell population had been labeled. The cell suspension was plated at limiting dilut ...
Fibronectin and a5b1 integrin mediate binding of Pseudomonas
... ABSTRACT: Initial infection of the airway by Pseudomonas aeruginosa may occur through a variety of bacterial strategies including binding to epithelial receptors present at the surface of the respiratory epithelium. In order to characterize the adherence sites for P. aeruginosa in damaged and repair ...
... ABSTRACT: Initial infection of the airway by Pseudomonas aeruginosa may occur through a variety of bacterial strategies including binding to epithelial receptors present at the surface of the respiratory epithelium. In order to characterize the adherence sites for P. aeruginosa in damaged and repair ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen and p53 Are
... to be of low abundance. Similarly, p53 is found mainly in nuclei and also would not be expected to exhibit an abundant microtubule-associated subpopulation. Therefore, conditions were used that produced optimal I-ag labeling with an observable cytoskeleton. The antitubulin antibody did not react wel ...
... to be of low abundance. Similarly, p53 is found mainly in nuclei and also would not be expected to exhibit an abundant microtubule-associated subpopulation. Therefore, conditions were used that produced optimal I-ag labeling with an observable cytoskeleton. The antitubulin antibody did not react wel ...
Kang, J., A. Volkmann, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Evidence that gammadelta versus alphabeta T cell fate determination is initiated independently of T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 193:689-698.
... were analyzed 1 h later by flow cytometry. For the analysis of IL7R␣ expression on thymic precursor populations, CD4⫺CD8⫺ thymocytes were isolated by rabbit and guinea pig complement– mediated lysis of CD4⫹ and/or CD8⫹ thymocytes using antiCD4 (RL172) and CD8 (AD4-15) ascites fluids. After one or tw ...
... were analyzed 1 h later by flow cytometry. For the analysis of IL7R␣ expression on thymic precursor populations, CD4⫺CD8⫺ thymocytes were isolated by rabbit and guinea pig complement– mediated lysis of CD4⫹ and/or CD8⫹ thymocytes using antiCD4 (RL172) and CD8 (AD4-15) ascites fluids. After one or tw ...
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... fall within two cohorts: one characterised by PrE-specific genes, the other by EPI-specific genes (Kurimoto et al., 2006). The gene encoding platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfrα) stood out within the PrE-specific cohort, as it was also identified in expression profiles of extraembry ...
... fall within two cohorts: one characterised by PrE-specific genes, the other by EPI-specific genes (Kurimoto et al., 2006). The gene encoding platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfrα) stood out within the PrE-specific cohort, as it was also identified in expression profiles of extraembry ...
What does cell division do for an organism
... If the chromosome number in the cell at the start is 8 chromosomes. What will the chromosome number of the two new daughter cells be? ...
... If the chromosome number in the cell at the start is 8 chromosomes. What will the chromosome number of the two new daughter cells be? ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).