The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
SNAREs: Cogs and Coordinators in Signaling
... Point mutations in VAM3 cause defects in growth (Ohtomo et al., 2005) and in shoot gravitropism (Yano et al., 2003; see below). Perhaps the best studied SNARE subfamily in vacuolar trafficking is the VTI1 group of v-SNAREs. VTI11 and VTI12 are partially redundant in function, as a double mutation is ...
... Point mutations in VAM3 cause defects in growth (Ohtomo et al., 2005) and in shoot gravitropism (Yano et al., 2003; see below). Perhaps the best studied SNARE subfamily in vacuolar trafficking is the VTI1 group of v-SNAREs. VTI11 and VTI12 are partially redundant in function, as a double mutation is ...
Plant nuclear proteomics inside the cell maestro
... The eukaryotic nucleus is highly dynamic and complex, containing several subcompartments, several types of DNA and RNA, and a wide range of proteins. Interactions between these components within the nucleus form part of a complex regulatory system that is only partially understood. Rapid improvement ...
... The eukaryotic nucleus is highly dynamic and complex, containing several subcompartments, several types of DNA and RNA, and a wide range of proteins. Interactions between these components within the nucleus form part of a complex regulatory system that is only partially understood. Rapid improvement ...
Plasmodesmata-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Shoot
... is necessary and sufficient for its PD-mediated transport [20]. KN1 and STM function in the initiation and maintenance of the SAM, and their ectopic expression results in the formation of ectopic meristems [24]. Thus, they are key TFs to specify stem cell fate during SAM development, but we do not k ...
... is necessary and sufficient for its PD-mediated transport [20]. KN1 and STM function in the initiation and maintenance of the SAM, and their ectopic expression results in the formation of ectopic meristems [24]. Thus, they are key TFs to specify stem cell fate during SAM development, but we do not k ...
Cnidarians: An evolutionarily conserved model system for
... (Hicklin and Wolpert, 1973; Noda and Egami, 1975) or treated with the S-phase blocking agent hydroxyurea before regeneration have shown that cell division is not required for the formation of a new head (Cummings and Bode, 1984). This finding has led to the conclusion that regeneration in Hydra is mo ...
... (Hicklin and Wolpert, 1973; Noda and Egami, 1975) or treated with the S-phase blocking agent hydroxyurea before regeneration have shown that cell division is not required for the formation of a new head (Cummings and Bode, 1984). This finding has led to the conclusion that regeneration in Hydra is mo ...
The Golgi Apparatus
... • Cells must be tiny for materials to move in and out of them fast enough to meet the cell’s metabolic ...
... • Cells must be tiny for materials to move in and out of them fast enough to meet the cell’s metabolic ...
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for
... Cell cycle expression experiments have shown that although the transcription of parAB varies during the cell cycle, the cellular levels of each protein remain constant throughout the cell cycle, suggesting that the synthesis of stoichiometric amounts of each protein is critical for function. In supp ...
... Cell cycle expression experiments have shown that although the transcription of parAB varies during the cell cycle, the cellular levels of each protein remain constant throughout the cell cycle, suggesting that the synthesis of stoichiometric amounts of each protein is critical for function. In supp ...
The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... the execution of the apoptotic program. A second group of death receptors are the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-Rs (for review see reference 3). Stimulation of TRAIL-Rs is supposed to kill predominantly transformed but not normal cells, which is the reason why soluble TRAIL might be ...
... the execution of the apoptotic program. A second group of death receptors are the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-Rs (for review see reference 3). Stimulation of TRAIL-Rs is supposed to kill predominantly transformed but not normal cells, which is the reason why soluble TRAIL might be ...
Gene Expression in Bone Cells
... metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and integrin αV. Another observation with implications for absence of the bone resorptive activity in MCP-1 cell was the absence or disruption of the F-actin ring structure, correlating with the lack of integrin αV mRNA expression. It was hypothesised that as MCP-1 mediate ...
... metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and integrin αV. Another observation with implications for absence of the bone resorptive activity in MCP-1 cell was the absence or disruption of the F-actin ring structure, correlating with the lack of integrin αV mRNA expression. It was hypothesised that as MCP-1 mediate ...
- Lorentz Center
... Gossler, & Costell, 2011). This mechanical perspective sheds a new light on molecular studies aimed at alteration of specific gene activities. For instance, the most natural target of such studies is Notch which is a critical component of the mouse somitogenesis because in its absence segmentation st ...
... Gossler, & Costell, 2011). This mechanical perspective sheds a new light on molecular studies aimed at alteration of specific gene activities. For instance, the most natural target of such studies is Notch which is a critical component of the mouse somitogenesis because in its absence segmentation st ...
biomolecular_STRUCTURES
... before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
... before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
Positioning the Flagellum at the Center of a Dividing Cell To
... this prediction, magnetotactic cells were grown and magnetically separated in order to select only north-seeking bacteria. They were then magnetically aligned while they were swimming toward north in a medium containing a homogeneous concentration of atmospheric oxygen. Once the cells were fixed on ...
... this prediction, magnetotactic cells were grown and magnetically separated in order to select only north-seeking bacteria. They were then magnetically aligned while they were swimming toward north in a medium containing a homogeneous concentration of atmospheric oxygen. Once the cells were fixed on ...
Analysis of tissue flow patterns during primitive streak formation in
... different locations, with the highest speeds at the site of streak formation and the outer periphery of the flows. The large scale and symmetry of these flow patterns are remarkable. Cells, not only move vigorously from the sickle region towards the site of streak formation as Graeper described, but ...
... different locations, with the highest speeds at the site of streak formation and the outer periphery of the flows. The large scale and symmetry of these flow patterns are remarkable. Cells, not only move vigorously from the sickle region towards the site of streak formation as Graeper described, but ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Phosphate buffer is the most common buffer used for LM and EM, as it is nontoxic and has a stable buffer capacity at the physiological pH range. It is relatively inexpensive to make, and once prepared, it is stable for several weeks at 4°C. Changes in temperature have little effects on its pH. The d ...
... Phosphate buffer is the most common buffer used for LM and EM, as it is nontoxic and has a stable buffer capacity at the physiological pH range. It is relatively inexpensive to make, and once prepared, it is stable for several weeks at 4°C. Changes in temperature have little effects on its pH. The d ...
Plant Cell Vacuoles
... endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells (Sze et al., 1992). They show some homologies with the F-ATPases present on the plasma membrane of eubacteria and on the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts and also form a characteristic ‘head and stalk’ structure. The VATPases can be distinguish ...
... endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells (Sze et al., 1992). They show some homologies with the F-ATPases present on the plasma membrane of eubacteria and on the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts and also form a characteristic ‘head and stalk’ structure. The VATPases can be distinguish ...
The enhancement of histone H4 and H2A serine 1 phosphorylation
... away the binding of this antibody to the ELISA plate bound peptides, further confirming the phospho-specific recognition of H4 by this antibody. The extreme amino-terminus of H4 is a region where multiple post-translational modifications may exist within a short stretch of amino acid residues (Fig. ...
... away the binding of this antibody to the ELISA plate bound peptides, further confirming the phospho-specific recognition of H4 by this antibody. The extreme amino-terminus of H4 is a region where multiple post-translational modifications may exist within a short stretch of amino acid residues (Fig. ...
a pdf version - Dutch Experiment Support Center
... developmental and growth phenomena, and this certainly is the case for research with ¯owering plants (Dutcher et al. 1994). Therefore, instruments known as clinostats have been developed in an attempt to neutralize unilateral 1-g eects on Earth (reviewed in Salisbury 1993; Claassen and Spooner 1994 ...
... developmental and growth phenomena, and this certainly is the case for research with ¯owering plants (Dutcher et al. 1994). Therefore, instruments known as clinostats have been developed in an attempt to neutralize unilateral 1-g eects on Earth (reviewed in Salisbury 1993; Claassen and Spooner 1994 ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).