Cells and Tissues PPT
... rough ER and travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. Protein inside transport vesicle ...
... rough ER and travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. Protein inside transport vesicle ...
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated
... influence the membrane localization of auxin carriers (Carland et al., 2002; Grebe et al., 2003), although the relationship between sterols and auxin-facilitated polarizing events has not been firmly established. Recently, sterol methyltransferase1orc mutants were shown to have mislocalized PIN prot ...
... influence the membrane localization of auxin carriers (Carland et al., 2002; Grebe et al., 2003), although the relationship between sterols and auxin-facilitated polarizing events has not been firmly established. Recently, sterol methyltransferase1orc mutants were shown to have mislocalized PIN prot ...
Chlamydia effector proteins and new insights into chlamydial
... and by extrusion of the inclusion into the extracellular media by an actin-dependent and myosin-dependent mechanism [17]. Recently, EB egress in cells infected with C. trachomatis serovar E has been shown to be accompanied by lysosome-mediated repair of the plasma membrane [18]. Throughout the inf ...
... and by extrusion of the inclusion into the extracellular media by an actin-dependent and myosin-dependent mechanism [17]. Recently, EB egress in cells infected with C. trachomatis serovar E has been shown to be accompanied by lysosome-mediated repair of the plasma membrane [18]. Throughout the inf ...
Examination of the endosomal and lysosomal pathways in
... powered, in large part, by motor proteins. The association of the microtubule-based motors, cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin, with a variety of intracellular organelles has been well-documented, and these proteins are believed to provide organelles with a means of moving along polarized arrays of micr ...
... powered, in large part, by motor proteins. The association of the microtubule-based motors, cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin, with a variety of intracellular organelles has been well-documented, and these proteins are believed to provide organelles with a means of moving along polarized arrays of micr ...
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... hemisomite is the one that straddles the first two segmental ganglia (R1 and R2). Here, we employ the neural definition of segment boundaries in keeping with most current workers and because the ganglia are more reliably observed throughout development. The interdigitation of serially homologous clone ...
... hemisomite is the one that straddles the first two segmental ganglia (R1 and R2). Here, we employ the neural definition of segment boundaries in keeping with most current workers and because the ganglia are more reliably observed throughout development. The interdigitation of serially homologous clone ...
Guidleine on potency testing of cell based immunotherapy medicinal
... on complex immune mechanisms which are often poorly or incompletely understood and which may be complicated by multi-antigen formulations and inherent variability of the starting material. Nevertheless, to assure a consistent functional activity of the medicinal product in the recipient, the potency ...
... on complex immune mechanisms which are often poorly or incompletely understood and which may be complicated by multi-antigen formulations and inherent variability of the starting material. Nevertheless, to assure a consistent functional activity of the medicinal product in the recipient, the potency ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
... physiological consequences of streaming fall naturally into the two categories of intra- and intercellular roles. These potential roles are easily seen using as a model the alga, Chara corallina, which has historically been among the organisms of choice for studies of cytoplasmic streaming due to it ...
... physiological consequences of streaming fall naturally into the two categories of intra- and intercellular roles. These potential roles are easily seen using as a model the alga, Chara corallina, which has historically been among the organisms of choice for studies of cytoplasmic streaming due to it ...
K-Ras is essential for normal fetal liver erythropoiesis
... c-kitⴙ day-13.5 fetal liver cells in response to EPO and KitL. (A) Frequency of erythroid progenitors in WT and K-Ras⫺/⫺ nonfractionated day-13.5 fetal liver cells. Total nucleated fetal liver cells (40 000 cells/mL) were plated for growth of BFU-Es in methylcellulose medium supplemented with 10 ng/ ...
... c-kitⴙ day-13.5 fetal liver cells in response to EPO and KitL. (A) Frequency of erythroid progenitors in WT and K-Ras⫺/⫺ nonfractionated day-13.5 fetal liver cells. Total nucleated fetal liver cells (40 000 cells/mL) were plated for growth of BFU-Es in methylcellulose medium supplemented with 10 ng/ ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
... physiological consequences of streaming fall naturally into the two categories of intra- and intercellular roles. These potential roles are easily seen using as a model the alga, Chara corallina, which has historically been among the organisms of choice for studies of cytoplasmic streaming due to it ...
... physiological consequences of streaming fall naturally into the two categories of intra- and intercellular roles. These potential roles are easily seen using as a model the alga, Chara corallina, which has historically been among the organisms of choice for studies of cytoplasmic streaming due to it ...
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.
... only faint cables, difficult to record photographically, and bright patches appear on both mother and bud (Figure 2A). Often there is a concentration of patches at the neck of the bud. Permissively grown actl-2 cells exhibit a different phenotype. Bars or ribbons of actin appear to cross the mother ...
... only faint cables, difficult to record photographically, and bright patches appear on both mother and bud (Figure 2A). Often there is a concentration of patches at the neck of the bud. Permissively grown actl-2 cells exhibit a different phenotype. Bars or ribbons of actin appear to cross the mother ...
The Boron Requirement and Cell Wall Properties
... boron was done four times and in all cases a specific growth rate of 0.46 d21 was maintained. Cells growing without added boron and those growing with 7 and 100 mm boron differed visually even though their growth rates were similar and all cultures did not contain a significant fraction of dead cell ...
... boron was done four times and in all cases a specific growth rate of 0.46 d21 was maintained. Cells growing without added boron and those growing with 7 and 100 mm boron differed visually even though their growth rates were similar and all cultures did not contain a significant fraction of dead cell ...
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (I)
... The ectocervix (portio vaginalis) is lined by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The superficial cells have intracytoplasmic glycogen (clear cytoplasm). The endocervical surface and the infoldings (glands) are lined by a simple columnar mucin-producing epithelium. The cytoplasm is lig ...
... The ectocervix (portio vaginalis) is lined by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The superficial cells have intracytoplasmic glycogen (clear cytoplasm). The endocervical surface and the infoldings (glands) are lined by a simple columnar mucin-producing epithelium. The cytoplasm is lig ...
Molecular Components of the Bacterial Cytoskeleton
... with the endosymbiont model for the origins of chloroplasts and mitochondria, FtsZ is also found in these organelles in some eukaryotes (Osteryoung and Vierling 1995; Beech et al. 2000), where it retains a conserved function in organelle division (Osteryoung and McAndrew 2001; Vitha et al. 2001). In ...
... with the endosymbiont model for the origins of chloroplasts and mitochondria, FtsZ is also found in these organelles in some eukaryotes (Osteryoung and Vierling 1995; Beech et al. 2000), where it retains a conserved function in organelle division (Osteryoung and McAndrew 2001; Vitha et al. 2001). In ...
Research Area - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
... which become characteristically inflamed and remodeled, causing functional impairment. The airway epithelium is strategically located at the lung-environment interface. In addition to its well-known barrier and protective functions, it is now widely appreciated that the epithelium initiates, integra ...
... which become characteristically inflamed and remodeled, causing functional impairment. The airway epithelium is strategically located at the lung-environment interface. In addition to its well-known barrier and protective functions, it is now widely appreciated that the epithelium initiates, integra ...
Prm1p, a Pheromone-regulated Multispanning Membrane Protein
... viral surface protein capable of inserting directly into the host cell plasma membrane, whereas the SNARE complex assembles from subunits associated with different bilayers— their final structures bear remarkable similarities (Weber et al., 1998). In each case, the assembled fusase has domains in- ...
... viral surface protein capable of inserting directly into the host cell plasma membrane, whereas the SNARE complex assembles from subunits associated with different bilayers— their final structures bear remarkable similarities (Weber et al., 1998). In each case, the assembled fusase has domains in- ...
Peeping in on the cytoskeleton: light microscopy
... (Figure 1). In this mode, full-field illumination is used with all the emission light collected by the objective being sent to the detector. This remains a powerful imaging strategy, especially when combined with high-quantum efficiency, low-noise CCD cameras. The ability to combine widefield epiflu ...
... (Figure 1). In this mode, full-field illumination is used with all the emission light collected by the objective being sent to the detector. This remains a powerful imaging strategy, especially when combined with high-quantum efficiency, low-noise CCD cameras. The ability to combine widefield epiflu ...
Fig. 3D - Journal of Cell Science
... shRNA cells with a red fluorescent dye (CMTPX) and mixed them with normal MDCK cells at a ratio of 1:10. The mixture of cells was cultured in the absence of tetracycline until a monolayer was formed. We then added tetracycline to induce knockdown of Scribble and followed the fate of Scribble-knockdo ...
... shRNA cells with a red fluorescent dye (CMTPX) and mixed them with normal MDCK cells at a ratio of 1:10. The mixture of cells was cultured in the absence of tetracycline until a monolayer was formed. We then added tetracycline to induce knockdown of Scribble and followed the fate of Scribble-knockdo ...
Biological effects of 6 mT static magnetic fields: A comparative study
... exposure to static MF at flux densities below 2 T were not unequivocally found to have adverse health consequences. However, at the current state of knowledge, the biological effects, both in vivo and in vitro, connected to MFs are not univocally interpreted. A deeper knowledge of the negative and/o ...
... exposure to static MF at flux densities below 2 T were not unequivocally found to have adverse health consequences. However, at the current state of knowledge, the biological effects, both in vivo and in vitro, connected to MFs are not univocally interpreted. A deeper knowledge of the negative and/o ...
Fifty Ways to Make a Neuron:* Shifts in Stem Cell Hierarchy and
... accepted exception to this rule is radial glial cells, a specialized, transient cell type with a long process extending from the ventricular zone to the pial surface (68). Extensive work by Rakic and colleagues has shown that these radially organized processes serve as a guiding scaffold for young m ...
... accepted exception to this rule is radial glial cells, a specialized, transient cell type with a long process extending from the ventricular zone to the pial surface (68). Extensive work by Rakic and colleagues has shown that these radially organized processes serve as a guiding scaffold for young m ...
In vitro study of chorionic and ectoplacental
... origin migrated to the anterior part of the chorionic layer but the foetal capillaries never developed in the trophoblastic tissues. After 48 h culture, many foetal red blood cells were found within the chorionic cells, having been phagocytosed by them. The formation of large multinucleated cells or ...
... origin migrated to the anterior part of the chorionic layer but the foetal capillaries never developed in the trophoblastic tissues. After 48 h culture, many foetal red blood cells were found within the chorionic cells, having been phagocytosed by them. The formation of large multinucleated cells or ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).