5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... of its mosaic nature, a very fine needle can easily penetrate a plasma membrane without causing it to burst, and the membrane will flow and self-seal when the needle is extracted. The mosaic characteristics of the membrane explain some but not all of its fluidity. There are two other factors that he ...
... of its mosaic nature, a very fine needle can easily penetrate a plasma membrane without causing it to burst, and the membrane will flow and self-seal when the needle is extracted. The mosaic characteristics of the membrane explain some but not all of its fluidity. There are two other factors that he ...
The retinal pigment epithelium: a versatile partner in vision
... place (Bernstein et al., 1987). Therefore, all-trans retinol, the product o f photoisom erization and reduction in the photore ceptor outer segment, m ust leave the photoreceptors, traverse the extracellular space between the photoreceptors and RPE and undergo reisom erization to ll- c /s retinal a ...
... place (Bernstein et al., 1987). Therefore, all-trans retinol, the product o f photoisom erization and reduction in the photore ceptor outer segment, m ust leave the photoreceptors, traverse the extracellular space between the photoreceptors and RPE and undergo reisom erization to ll- c /s retinal a ...
Cellular studies of neuromuscular disorders related to the
... Sarcomere is the basic unit of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction and its proper function requires an invariant organization of this structure. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins are known to cause increasing number of different cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. The front line in research on ...
... Sarcomere is the basic unit of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction and its proper function requires an invariant organization of this structure. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins are known to cause increasing number of different cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. The front line in research on ...
The argos Gene Encodes a Diffusible Factor
... neural recruitment after the mystery cells are transformed. In a few cases we see as many as 20 cone cells in a single cluster. These may be the products of the ommatidial fusions that are occasionally seen (approximately 5-10 per retina; Figure 21) and which appear to be caused by primary pigment c ...
... neural recruitment after the mystery cells are transformed. In a few cases we see as many as 20 cone cells in a single cluster. These may be the products of the ommatidial fusions that are occasionally seen (approximately 5-10 per retina; Figure 21) and which appear to be caused by primary pigment c ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... nitrate supply, and performing a kinematic analysis to assess the effect of nitrogen status on cell proliferation and cell growth in the leaf blade epidermis. Low nitrogen supply reduced leaf elongation rate (LER) by 43% through a similar decrease in the cell production rate and final cell length. T ...
... nitrate supply, and performing a kinematic analysis to assess the effect of nitrogen status on cell proliferation and cell growth in the leaf blade epidermis. Low nitrogen supply reduced leaf elongation rate (LER) by 43% through a similar decrease in the cell production rate and final cell length. T ...
Regulation of multiple target genes by miR-1 and miR
... numerous potential targets, not all of which are genuinely affected by miRNAs (Krützfeldt et al., 2006). C2C12 myoblast cells are widely used as a model for skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Undifferentiated C2C12 cells express Myf5 and MyoD; however, the ability of these MRFs to induce differe ...
... numerous potential targets, not all of which are genuinely affected by miRNAs (Krützfeldt et al., 2006). C2C12 myoblast cells are widely used as a model for skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Undifferentiated C2C12 cells express Myf5 and MyoD; however, the ability of these MRFs to induce differe ...
Increased Resistance of Vasculogenic Mimicry-Forming
... hematogeneous dissemination of tumor cells (Folberg and Maniotis, 2004). Interestingly, uveal melanoma cells within VM patterns assume a spindle A morphology and the expression of the Ki67 proliferation marker is significantly reduced in these cells (Folberg et al., 2006). These findings raise the p ...
... hematogeneous dissemination of tumor cells (Folberg and Maniotis, 2004). Interestingly, uveal melanoma cells within VM patterns assume a spindle A morphology and the expression of the Ki67 proliferation marker is significantly reduced in these cells (Folberg et al., 2006). These findings raise the p ...
Physiological effects of shortwave diathermy
... The ReGear is as induction cable device where the shortwave diathermy is applied through an induction cable, covered by a nylon garment. This type of shortwave diathermy heats tissues that are good electrical conductors, such as blood vessels and muscle. Adipose tissue receives little heating by ind ...
... The ReGear is as induction cable device where the shortwave diathermy is applied through an induction cable, covered by a nylon garment. This type of shortwave diathermy heats tissues that are good electrical conductors, such as blood vessels and muscle. Adipose tissue receives little heating by ind ...
Staining Bacteria
... Gram stain • Differential stain (Hans Christian Gram, a Danish doctor ). He developed a new method to stain bacteria so they can be visible in specimen samples. • Differentiate bacteria into two large groups (the Gram Positive and the Gram negative) • Gram status is important in medicine; the prese ...
... Gram stain • Differential stain (Hans Christian Gram, a Danish doctor ). He developed a new method to stain bacteria so they can be visible in specimen samples. • Differentiate bacteria into two large groups (the Gram Positive and the Gram negative) • Gram status is important in medicine; the prese ...
Gepstein Oren Caspi, Irit Huber, Amira Gepstein, Gil Arbel, Leonid
... is a heritable primary cardiac muscle disorder characterized by the replacement of cardiomyocytes (CMs), primarily in the right ventricle (RV), by fibrofatty tissue.1,2 The resulting disruption of normal myocardial architecture can lead to RV dysfunction, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden car ...
... is a heritable primary cardiac muscle disorder characterized by the replacement of cardiomyocytes (CMs), primarily in the right ventricle (RV), by fibrofatty tissue.1,2 The resulting disruption of normal myocardial architecture can lead to RV dysfunction, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden car ...
Evaluation of flow cytometry as replacement for plating in in vitro
... With exception for Penicillin, all antibiotics have been developed and marketed by major pharmaceutical companies14. Now that antibiotic resistance is rising as a major problem, it is compounded by the fact that there are few new antibiotics in the research pipeline. This is likely not due to scient ...
... With exception for Penicillin, all antibiotics have been developed and marketed by major pharmaceutical companies14. Now that antibiotic resistance is rising as a major problem, it is compounded by the fact that there are few new antibiotics in the research pipeline. This is likely not due to scient ...
Uptake and presentation of hepatitis C virus–like
... cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of antiviral T-cell immune responses. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs capture antigens, process them into peptides, and present them on molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to T cells.7,8 A pathway by which DCs internal ...
... cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of antiviral T-cell immune responses. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs capture antigens, process them into peptides, and present them on molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to T cells.7,8 A pathway by which DCs internal ...
The sea urchin immune system
... play a role in the immune response in adult sea urchins. The functions of the colorless spherule cells have yet to be identified. Vibratile cells (Fig. 2H) are spherical and show no amoeboid movement but have a single flagellum, which may propel them through the coelomic fluid. They have been associ ...
... play a role in the immune response in adult sea urchins. The functions of the colorless spherule cells have yet to be identified. Vibratile cells (Fig. 2H) are spherical and show no amoeboid movement but have a single flagellum, which may propel them through the coelomic fluid. They have been associ ...
The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory
... supported by studies of the ultrastructure, but also the function of the epithelium, including mucus secretion, airway surface liquid (ASL) regulation and mucociliary transport, as well as inflammatory and antimicrobial mediator production. This is supported by gene expression profiling experiments ...
... supported by studies of the ultrastructure, but also the function of the epithelium, including mucus secretion, airway surface liquid (ASL) regulation and mucociliary transport, as well as inflammatory and antimicrobial mediator production. This is supported by gene expression profiling experiments ...
Measuring the mechanics of biofilms at multiple lengthscales
... and Vernita Gordon Methods for measuring the mechanics of surface-attached bacterial systems on a range of lengthscales enables enhanced understanding of their disease-causing properties. Biofilms are multicellular communities of sessile, interacting microbes that form infections readily on medical ...
... and Vernita Gordon Methods for measuring the mechanics of surface-attached bacterial systems on a range of lengthscales enables enhanced understanding of their disease-causing properties. Biofilms are multicellular communities of sessile, interacting microbes that form infections readily on medical ...
A Role for Mitochondria in the Establishment and
... JC-9 and MitoTracker Orange are two mitochondrial membrane potential (DCm) sensing probes that are used to indicate the cellular energy levels of mitochondria (Duchen et al., 1993; Sureau et al., 1993; Cossarizza et al., 1994; Castedo et al., 1996). Both probes accumulate in mitochondria that mainta ...
... JC-9 and MitoTracker Orange are two mitochondrial membrane potential (DCm) sensing probes that are used to indicate the cellular energy levels of mitochondria (Duchen et al., 1993; Sureau et al., 1993; Cossarizza et al., 1994; Castedo et al., 1996). Both probes accumulate in mitochondria that mainta ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... meristem remains functional because young leaf primordia can emerge but never fully expand in size (Figures 2C and 2F). This second group is also affected at the hypocotyl level, which is bulging (Figure 2C). A closer inspection reveals that the epidermal cells do not elongate (Figure 2D) compared w ...
... meristem remains functional because young leaf primordia can emerge but never fully expand in size (Figures 2C and 2F). This second group is also affected at the hypocotyl level, which is bulging (Figure 2C). A closer inspection reveals that the epidermal cells do not elongate (Figure 2D) compared w ...
identified aplysia neurons form specific chemical synapses in culture1
... not been directly examined in these preparations. In other species, such as molluscs, in which intracellular recording is easily done in the adult, it is difficult to perform experiments on identified cells until rather late in development, long after specific connections have been established. Rece ...
... not been directly examined in these preparations. In other species, such as molluscs, in which intracellular recording is easily done in the adult, it is difficult to perform experiments on identified cells until rather late in development, long after specific connections have been established. Rece ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... meristem remains functional because young leaf primordia can emerge but never fully expand in size (Figures 2C and 2F). This second group is also affected at the hypocotyl level, which is bulging (Figure 2C). A closer inspection reveals that the epidermal cells do not elongate (Figure 2D) compared w ...
... meristem remains functional because young leaf primordia can emerge but never fully expand in size (Figures 2C and 2F). This second group is also affected at the hypocotyl level, which is bulging (Figure 2C). A closer inspection reveals that the epidermal cells do not elongate (Figure 2D) compared w ...
Activity-based probes that target diverse cysteine protease families
... targets. Although considerable progress has been made in the development of proteasespecific ABPs, for several key enzyme families suitable reagents are still lacking. For example, despite successful efforts to map the substrate specificity of caspases4, 5, most currently available ABPs for this fam ...
... targets. Although considerable progress has been made in the development of proteasespecific ABPs, for several key enzyme families suitable reagents are still lacking. For example, despite successful efforts to map the substrate specificity of caspases4, 5, most currently available ABPs for this fam ...
Mode Suppressed TEM Cell Design For High Frequency IC
... order TE or TM modes should be suppressed, but the TEM mode and the shielding efficiency should not be affected. Several different methods have been introduced on suppressing higher order mode resonances in a large TEM cell [6-8]. All those methods were found effective to dampen resonances, but all ...
... order TE or TM modes should be suppressed, but the TEM mode and the shielding efficiency should not be affected. Several different methods have been introduced on suppressing higher order mode resonances in a large TEM cell [6-8]. All those methods were found effective to dampen resonances, but all ...
Inhibition of Phorbol Ester-Induced Monocytic
... gene shares homology with other tyrosine kinase-encoding protooncogenes.” Moreover, the c-fms product is identical to the CSF-1 receptor.’ These findings have suggested that CSF-1 is capable of regulating monocyte functions by an autocrine mechanism. The c-fms transcripts become detectable a t 12 to ...
... gene shares homology with other tyrosine kinase-encoding protooncogenes.” Moreover, the c-fms product is identical to the CSF-1 receptor.’ These findings have suggested that CSF-1 is capable of regulating monocyte functions by an autocrine mechanism. The c-fms transcripts become detectable a t 12 to ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
... 15) When a membrane is freeze-fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle between the two layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrograph of a freeze -fractured membrane, the bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrane are A) peripheral proteins. B) phospholipids. C) carbohydrates. D) i ...
... 15) When a membrane is freeze-fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle between the two layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrograph of a freeze -fractured membrane, the bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrane are A) peripheral proteins. B) phospholipids. C) carbohydrates. D) i ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).