Background and Objectives - North Pacific Marine Science
... Distribution Models (SDMs) provide a tool to estimate present distributions and to project into the future (assuming species-environment relationships remain strong), but these models require substantial environmental data to accurately predict distribution and change. Increasingly, SDM approaches r ...
... Distribution Models (SDMs) provide a tool to estimate present distributions and to project into the future (assuming species-environment relationships remain strong), but these models require substantial environmental data to accurately predict distribution and change. Increasingly, SDM approaches r ...
Ocean-Based Food Security Threatened in a High CO2 World
... future of the essential food resources we receive from the oceans. As a result of the increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the oceans are warming.6 This is creating changes at the base of the marine food web.7,8 Because marine species and their prey are adapted t ...
... future of the essential food resources we receive from the oceans. As a result of the increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the oceans are warming.6 This is creating changes at the base of the marine food web.7,8 Because marine species and their prey are adapted t ...
Ocean-Based Food Security Threatened in a High CO2
... future of the essential food resources we receive from the oceans. As a result of the increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the oceans are warming.6 This is creating changes at the base of the marine food web.7,8 Because marine species and their prey are adapted t ...
... future of the essential food resources we receive from the oceans. As a result of the increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the oceans are warming.6 This is creating changes at the base of the marine food web.7,8 Because marine species and their prey are adapted t ...
Anthropogenic modification of the oceans
... with deeper waters whose temperature remains largely unchanged. Additions of low-salinity water to the locations where surface water usually sinks to depth (traditionally considered the starting points of the thermohaline circulation) also lower density and inhibit sinking. It has therefore been tho ...
... with deeper waters whose temperature remains largely unchanged. Additions of low-salinity water to the locations where surface water usually sinks to depth (traditionally considered the starting points of the thermohaline circulation) also lower density and inhibit sinking. It has therefore been tho ...
File - The Building Blocks For Learning
... With climate change, the study’s authors note, coastal upwelling–favorable winds are expected to intensify, as they have in recent decades. Upwelling winds are controlled by ocean high-pressure systems, which may strengthen with global warming–induced shifts in the global atmospheric circulation. Ma ...
... With climate change, the study’s authors note, coastal upwelling–favorable winds are expected to intensify, as they have in recent decades. Upwelling winds are controlled by ocean high-pressure systems, which may strengthen with global warming–induced shifts in the global atmospheric circulation. Ma ...
Discussion Paper - Economics E
... analyses, focusing on the impact of carbon dioxide fertilization. Ignored in previous studies of the social cost of greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide fertilization has a positive effect at the margin, but only for carbon dioxide. Because of this, the ratio of the social cost of a greenhouse g ...
... analyses, focusing on the impact of carbon dioxide fertilization. Ignored in previous studies of the social cost of greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide fertilization has a positive effect at the margin, but only for carbon dioxide. Because of this, the ratio of the social cost of a greenhouse g ...
The consequences of an increase of the atmospheric CO2
... medium, a pH below 7 means that the medium is acidic; the lower the pH value, the higher the acidity. The current decrease of the ocean pH is observed by all scientists who study the marine environment. Their studies clearly show that this decrease in pH is due to the increase of the atmospheric CO2 ...
... medium, a pH below 7 means that the medium is acidic; the lower the pH value, the higher the acidity. The current decrease of the ocean pH is observed by all scientists who study the marine environment. Their studies clearly show that this decrease in pH is due to the increase of the atmospheric CO2 ...
Climate Records from Ice Cores
... • Extent of wet soils controlled primarily by precipitation rates and patterns (climate). ...
... • Extent of wet soils controlled primarily by precipitation rates and patterns (climate). ...
Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really
... this is evidenced by the fact that the global economic growth rate is a positive relative rate – i.e. it is exponential. The question arises, for how long can the non-zero sum game of economics be based on the finite zero-sum game of global ecology? We suggest that we can reconcile these two ‘oikos’ ...
... this is evidenced by the fact that the global economic growth rate is a positive relative rate – i.e. it is exponential. The question arises, for how long can the non-zero sum game of economics be based on the finite zero-sum game of global ecology? We suggest that we can reconcile these two ‘oikos’ ...
Establishing a Sustainable Development Goal for Oceans and
... observed. Changes in the relative abundance of species, the composition of habitats and in ocean functions are projected to become very significant in the coming decades. This is certainly true for the world’s fish stocks where catch levels over the last 20 years were maintained only by expansion to ...
... observed. Changes in the relative abundance of species, the composition of habitats and in ocean functions are projected to become very significant in the coming decades. This is certainly true for the world’s fish stocks where catch levels over the last 20 years were maintained only by expansion to ...
Business Plan Concept Note Algae Biofuel Feedstock Project Robert Tulip, August 2009
... fish farming and water transport and storage. Replicated on a world scale, our simple scaleable method to remove anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the air could remove more carbon than total world emissions, pushing the atmospheric C02 level down towards safe levels of around 300 parts per million o ...
... fish farming and water transport and storage. Replicated on a world scale, our simple scaleable method to remove anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the air could remove more carbon than total world emissions, pushing the atmospheric C02 level down towards safe levels of around 300 parts per million o ...
Global Change – The IGBP Series
... by Presidential Science Advisor D. Allan Bromley, into a ‘U.S. Global Change Program’ that offered the promise of political support. There were advances being made in trace metal clean techniques that yielded new insights into ocean biogeochemical processes. Lively and assertive individuals outside ...
... by Presidential Science Advisor D. Allan Bromley, into a ‘U.S. Global Change Program’ that offered the promise of political support. There were advances being made in trace metal clean techniques that yielded new insights into ocean biogeochemical processes. Lively and assertive individuals outside ...
Global marine analysis suggests food chain collapse
... bootstrapping) across 632 different experiments published through to early 2014, restricted to studies that used experimental CO2 or temperature elevations as predicted for around year 2100. Response to stressors was quantified on the basis of the natural logarithm of the response ratio (LnR), a met ...
... bootstrapping) across 632 different experiments published through to early 2014, restricted to studies that used experimental CO2 or temperature elevations as predicted for around year 2100. Response to stressors was quantified on the basis of the natural logarithm of the response ratio (LnR), a met ...
Factors affecting sea level rise
... • Following last glacial period local vertical land movements are still occurring today as a result of large transfers of mass from the ice sheets to the ocean • During the last 6,000 years, global MSL variations on time-scales of a few hundred years and longer are likely to have been less than 0.3 ...
... • Following last glacial period local vertical land movements are still occurring today as a result of large transfers of mass from the ice sheets to the ocean • During the last 6,000 years, global MSL variations on time-scales of a few hundred years and longer are likely to have been less than 0.3 ...
Ocean-sourced Carbonate Production
... to acidification, mass bleaching and other environmental impacts (Veron and others, 2009). The absorption of the excess carbon by seawater causes chemical reactions that result in the reduction in the pH of seawater. The increase of carbon dioxide increases the amounts of bicarbonate and hydrogen ...
... to acidification, mass bleaching and other environmental impacts (Veron and others, 2009). The absorption of the excess carbon by seawater causes chemical reactions that result in the reduction in the pH of seawater. The increase of carbon dioxide increases the amounts of bicarbonate and hydrogen ...
Modelling Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle as Interactive Elements
... to deeper waters. Phytoplankton, the plants of the ocean ecosystem, take up CO during their growth, converting the carbon to organic forms. The sinking of a fraction of this organic carbon is a mechanism for the export of carbon to depth, where it is remineralised back to CO . This process is known ...
... to deeper waters. Phytoplankton, the plants of the ocean ecosystem, take up CO during their growth, converting the carbon to organic forms. The sinking of a fraction of this organic carbon is a mechanism for the export of carbon to depth, where it is remineralised back to CO . This process is known ...
Research Project Final Report
... functional groups and trophic levels, leading to a potential poor temporal synchrony between fish larvae and their prey (i.e. the zooplankton). Increasing records of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) taxa have been reported in the North Sea. Anomalous high frequencies of HAB blooms over the last four decad ...
... functional groups and trophic levels, leading to a potential poor temporal synchrony between fish larvae and their prey (i.e. the zooplankton). Increasing records of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) taxa have been reported in the North Sea. Anomalous high frequencies of HAB blooms over the last four decad ...
1 Carbon management and scenario planning at landscape scale
... by the total area of land in each land class with considering Milne and Brown, 1995. It also has been calculated carbon storage for each square kilometre of the study site by determining the area of different vegetation types in each 1-km2 square. Therefore, vegetation carbon stores have been calcul ...
... by the total area of land in each land class with considering Milne and Brown, 1995. It also has been calculated carbon storage for each square kilometre of the study site by determining the area of different vegetation types in each 1-km2 square. Therefore, vegetation carbon stores have been calcul ...
IMBERpresentationfor..
... models. Human-nature interactions in the marine world, Ankara, 23-28 July 2012 with fifty participants from 26 countries, and from both natural and social science disciplines. Lectures were webcast live and recordings of them will be soon available on IMBER website. See, http://tinyurl.com/IMBER-Cli ...
... models. Human-nature interactions in the marine world, Ankara, 23-28 July 2012 with fifty participants from 26 countries, and from both natural and social science disciplines. Lectures were webcast live and recordings of them will be soon available on IMBER website. See, http://tinyurl.com/IMBER-Cli ...
Marine Net Primary Production
... photosynthesis by phytoplankton: a polyphyletic group of photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal lineages. Satellite ocean color estimates of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (the dominant pigment used to harvest light) are combined with models to estimate global NPP, while 14C incubations have b ...
... photosynthesis by phytoplankton: a polyphyletic group of photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal lineages. Satellite ocean color estimates of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (the dominant pigment used to harvest light) are combined with models to estimate global NPP, while 14C incubations have b ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... Carbon found – in all living things, – in the atmosphere, – in the layers of limestone sediment on the ocean floor, – in fossil fuels like coal. MET 112 Global Climate Change ...
... Carbon found – in all living things, – in the atmosphere, – in the layers of limestone sediment on the ocean floor, – in fossil fuels like coal. MET 112 Global Climate Change ...
ENHANCEMENT OF OCEANIC UPTAKE OF CO2 BY MACRO-NUTRIENT FERTILISATION
... Increased biological production may also increase the sea-to-air flux of N2O, a potent long-life greenhouse gas. Using the modelled output, it was estimated that increased N2O production could reduce the effective efficiency of macro-nutrient fertilisation for greenhouse gas abatement by a maximum o ...
... Increased biological production may also increase the sea-to-air flux of N2O, a potent long-life greenhouse gas. Using the modelled output, it was estimated that increased N2O production could reduce the effective efficiency of macro-nutrient fertilisation for greenhouse gas abatement by a maximum o ...
Ocean and Coastal Observations: Challenges and Opportunities
... Taiwan’s ocean observation could lead to the advancement of its ocean-related industrial capability. The following is a brief analysis of this issue. 5.1 Assets and core capacities [13, 16]. Taiwan has many significant and unique advantages and core capacities in advancing its ocean-related industry ...
... Taiwan’s ocean observation could lead to the advancement of its ocean-related industrial capability. The following is a brief analysis of this issue. 5.1 Assets and core capacities [13, 16]. Taiwan has many significant and unique advantages and core capacities in advancing its ocean-related industry ...
Heiken-Forest-Carbon-Myths.pps
... Forests are dark green, so they exacerbate global warming by absorbing rather than reflecting the sun's energy. ...
... Forests are dark green, so they exacerbate global warming by absorbing rather than reflecting the sun's energy. ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.