Long-term grazing exclusion did not provide adequate soil carbon
... in northern Kenyan rangelands for climate change mitigation and local livelihoods diversification. However, to qualify for carbon credits, carbon markets are requiring additional carbon storage beyond what is existing under normal-land use practices. Grazing exclusion is often thought to improve ran ...
... in northern Kenyan rangelands for climate change mitigation and local livelihoods diversification. However, to qualify for carbon credits, carbon markets are requiring additional carbon storage beyond what is existing under normal-land use practices. Grazing exclusion is often thought to improve ran ...
Untangling the confusion around land carbon science and
... Globally, forests store around 300 Pg C (reported range 240–500 Pg C) in living biomass2,3, equivalent to ~140 ppm of atmospheric CO2 (atmCO2; used to denote the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and although the SI unit for atmCO2 is μmol mol–1, we have adopted the more familiar unit of ppm ...
... Globally, forests store around 300 Pg C (reported range 240–500 Pg C) in living biomass2,3, equivalent to ~140 ppm of atmospheric CO2 (atmCO2; used to denote the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and although the SI unit for atmCO2 is μmol mol–1, we have adopted the more familiar unit of ppm ...
as it comes out of the ground. - Harvard University Department of
... current polluters, like in sulfur dioxide emission trading, skews the playing field in favor of entrenched interests. Politically, this may be hard to avoid, but nevertheless we propose a level playing field: all parties, large or small, new or old, weak or strong, must purchase permits for all net ...
... current polluters, like in sulfur dioxide emission trading, skews the playing field in favor of entrenched interests. Politically, this may be hard to avoid, but nevertheless we propose a level playing field: all parties, large or small, new or old, weak or strong, must purchase permits for all net ...
ocean acidification`s potential to alter Global Marine ecosystem
... minerals and decreases the calcification rates of some marine organisms that provide a range of ecosystem services such as wild fishery and aquaculture harvests, coastal protection, tourism, cultural identity, and ecosystem support. Damage to marine ecosystem services by ocean acidification is likel ...
... minerals and decreases the calcification rates of some marine organisms that provide a range of ecosystem services such as wild fishery and aquaculture harvests, coastal protection, tourism, cultural identity, and ecosystem support. Damage to marine ecosystem services by ocean acidification is likel ...
ocean literacy - Friends of Shoreham Beach
... vegetated shingle habitat and its wildlife. For more information contact us and ask for the Coastal Geography Teachers information. ...
... vegetated shingle habitat and its wildlife. For more information contact us and ask for the Coastal Geography Teachers information. ...
Introduction
... Arctic sea-ice cover modifies the basic temperature gradients from the equator to the poles and hence the manner in which the atmosphere transports heat Sea ice influences temperature gradients because of its high reflectivity and its role as an insulating layer atop the Arctic Ocean At its maximum ...
... Arctic sea-ice cover modifies the basic temperature gradients from the equator to the poles and hence the manner in which the atmosphere transports heat Sea ice influences temperature gradients because of its high reflectivity and its role as an insulating layer atop the Arctic Ocean At its maximum ...
The Assessment of the Forestry Carbon Sinks and the Effect... Global Climate Change
... [5]. Lin De-rong, The evolvement and prospect of forest carbon sinks market, World Forestry Research, 2005, (1). (in Chinese) [6]. Liu Guo-hua, Fang Jing-yun, Carbon dynamics of Chinese forests and its contribution to global balance, Acta Ecological Sinica, 2000, (5). (in Chinese) [7]. He Ying, Summ ...
... [5]. Lin De-rong, The evolvement and prospect of forest carbon sinks market, World Forestry Research, 2005, (1). (in Chinese) [6]. Liu Guo-hua, Fang Jing-yun, Carbon dynamics of Chinese forests and its contribution to global balance, Acta Ecological Sinica, 2000, (5). (in Chinese) [7]. He Ying, Summ ...
The Carbon Cycle - San Jose State University
... Carbon found – in all living things, – in the atmosphere, – in the layers of limestone sediment on the ocean floor, – in fossil fuels like coal. MET 112 Global Climate Change ...
... Carbon found – in all living things, – in the atmosphere, – in the layers of limestone sediment on the ocean floor, – in fossil fuels like coal. MET 112 Global Climate Change ...
PDF
... as to reduce GHG emissions for example reducing fuel consumption, switching to alternative fuels (e.g., from coal to natural gas or bioenergy), altering manure management or reducing fertilization (Butt and McCarl, 2004). In addition, so-called sequestration activities may be undertaken where rather ...
... as to reduce GHG emissions for example reducing fuel consumption, switching to alternative fuels (e.g., from coal to natural gas or bioenergy), altering manure management or reducing fertilization (Butt and McCarl, 2004). In addition, so-called sequestration activities may be undertaken where rather ...
Sequestration and storage of carbon by trees in and around
... fossil fuels to global warming, based on capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources such as the fossil fuel power plants. The carbon dioxide might then be stored away from the atmosphere permanently. As urban areas discharge maximum amount of emissions of carbon, tree creates an impact on car ...
... fossil fuels to global warming, based on capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources such as the fossil fuel power plants. The carbon dioxide might then be stored away from the atmosphere permanently. As urban areas discharge maximum amount of emissions of carbon, tree creates an impact on car ...
... Carbon dioxide is the principle concern accounting for fifty percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases.9 The carbon cycles, photosynthesis and respiration, are significant to climate change.10 During photosynthesis plants “fix” carbon when sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll in organisms, which ...
Climate response to dust
... Prospero and Lamb, 2003; Mahowalld and Luo, 2003; Tegen et al., 2004; Mahowald et al., 2004) ...
... Prospero and Lamb, 2003; Mahowalld and Luo, 2003; Tegen et al., 2004; Mahowald et al., 2004) ...
Industrialization Emission - Scientific Research Publishing
... seawater) phytoplankton grows with a relatively high density in response to the high levels of nutrients in these waters. The relative rate of seawater evaporation and precipitation around polluted areas should be elevated in comparison to clean areas. However, in the most extremely polluted coastal ...
... seawater) phytoplankton grows with a relatively high density in response to the high levels of nutrients in these waters. The relative rate of seawater evaporation and precipitation around polluted areas should be elevated in comparison to clean areas. However, in the most extremely polluted coastal ...
A Tale of Two Carbon Sinks - Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law
... Protocol did not include avoided deforestation as a mechanism for earning emission reduction credits. However, reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) quickly gained popularity as a viable climate change compliance strategy in the period immediately preceding the negotiations at ...
... Protocol did not include avoided deforestation as a mechanism for earning emission reduction credits. However, reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) quickly gained popularity as a viable climate change compliance strategy in the period immediately preceding the negotiations at ...
PDF
... of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, generating "carbon credits" that will be retained by Reliant. The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX): A fledgling trading operation is emerging that is based on a voluntary association of a number of emitters and offset suppliers. The CCX has set up guidelines for ...
... of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, generating "carbon credits" that will be retained by Reliant. The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX): A fledgling trading operation is emerging that is based on a voluntary association of a number of emitters and offset suppliers. The CCX has set up guidelines for ...
Climate and carbon dioxide - World Rainforest Movement
... a given. It assumes that because the rich industrialized countries have historically overused the atmosphere, they have a right to have done so, and to continue doing so. Not only does this approach ignore the history of unequal use of carbon stocks and sinks. It would actually worsen world inequali ...
... a given. It assumes that because the rich industrialized countries have historically overused the atmosphere, they have a right to have done so, and to continue doing so. Not only does this approach ignore the history of unequal use of carbon stocks and sinks. It would actually worsen world inequali ...
23-3_sabine
... of Oceanography) first articulated the principal need for international and intergovernmental coordination to address global-scale problems such as climate change when IOC was first developed. Regional to global-scale carbon studies started in earnest with the International Decade of Ocean Explorati ...
... of Oceanography) first articulated the principal need for international and intergovernmental coordination to address global-scale problems such as climate change when IOC was first developed. Regional to global-scale carbon studies started in earnest with the International Decade of Ocean Explorati ...
Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a...
... and colleagues in 2000, and updated recently in GRL does show warming that is consistent with the radiative imbalance suggested by climate models (around 0.5 W/m2 from 1955 to 1995 and possibly as high as 0.7 W/m2 over the last decade, Hansen et al (2002)). The advantage of the ocean heat content c ...
... and colleagues in 2000, and updated recently in GRL does show warming that is consistent with the radiative imbalance suggested by climate models (around 0.5 W/m2 from 1955 to 1995 and possibly as high as 0.7 W/m2 over the last decade, Hansen et al (2002)). The advantage of the ocean heat content c ...
Voluntary Carbon Offsets
... while those based on sequestration may not. For example, carbon sequestered in a newly created forest can be lost in the future due to deforestation or fire. Forest carbon sequestration projects, although possibly temporary by nature, do offer some benefits. They may also buy time for technological ...
... while those based on sequestration may not. For example, carbon sequestered in a newly created forest can be lost in the future due to deforestation or fire. Forest carbon sequestration projects, although possibly temporary by nature, do offer some benefits. They may also buy time for technological ...
Using the Capacity of Forests to Absorb Carbon
... other evidence indicates that they almost certainly have been increasing for well over 100 years. Since about 1800, the content of CO2 in the atmosphere increased nearly 30% (Downing et al., 1992). Rising CO2 levels reflect a global C cycle in which more C is released into the atmosphere (from sourc ...
... other evidence indicates that they almost certainly have been increasing for well over 100 years. Since about 1800, the content of CO2 in the atmosphere increased nearly 30% (Downing et al., 1992). Rising CO2 levels reflect a global C cycle in which more C is released into the atmosphere (from sourc ...
Reconceiving the Good Life
... (b) The wealthiest countries were pressing for carbon trading schemes because all such schemes allocated more per capita rights to emit to themselves than to others. This effectively created property rights in unsustainable activities (emitting carbon) and allocated most of those to the countries w ...
... (b) The wealthiest countries were pressing for carbon trading schemes because all such schemes allocated more per capita rights to emit to themselves than to others. This effectively created property rights in unsustainable activities (emitting carbon) and allocated most of those to the countries w ...
The Treasurer, The Honourable Wayne Swan Parliament House Canberra
... 1. About 25% of global elevated CO2 is due to forest clearing, making reafforestation an important mitigation strategy. 2. The creation of a carbon market worth potentially billions of dollars can be leveraged to “turbo-charge” existing efforts to halt and reverse the degradation of Australia’s envi ...
... 1. About 25% of global elevated CO2 is due to forest clearing, making reafforestation an important mitigation strategy. 2. The creation of a carbon market worth potentially billions of dollars can be leveraged to “turbo-charge” existing efforts to halt and reverse the degradation of Australia’s envi ...
5 A Portfolio of Carbon Management Options
... • If CO2 is put directly into the deep ocean (through deep injection), most of it will stay there without first producing a substantial acidification of biologically more active surface waters, but risks to deep ocean biota are not well understood. • If CO2 is put into deep (>1 km) geological format ...
... • If CO2 is put directly into the deep ocean (through deep injection), most of it will stay there without first producing a substantial acidification of biologically more active surface waters, but risks to deep ocean biota are not well understood. • If CO2 is put into deep (>1 km) geological format ...
Introduction - Carbon Mitigation Initiative
... 2. New data indicate that polar oceans were stratified during the last glacial period, supporting the hypothesis that that decreased evasion of CO2 from the deep ocean had a cooling influence on climate. 3.Data from polar oceans provide the first evidence that natural iron variations produce changes ...
... 2. New data indicate that polar oceans were stratified during the last glacial period, supporting the hypothesis that that decreased evasion of CO2 from the deep ocean had a cooling influence on climate. 3.Data from polar oceans provide the first evidence that natural iron variations produce changes ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.