Carbon Storage in Rangelands - UC Cooperative Extension
... rapid global climate change, a warming of the earth’s surface that is causing significant changes in sea levels, precipitation, wind, and freeze/thaw cycles. Sequestering carbon in plants and soil and limiting its release back into the atmosphere will help offset greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., meth ...
... rapid global climate change, a warming of the earth’s surface that is causing significant changes in sea levels, precipitation, wind, and freeze/thaw cycles. Sequestering carbon in plants and soil and limiting its release back into the atmosphere will help offset greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., meth ...
ECOsCIENCE
... had caused an increase in nitrogen concentrations in the leaves, which were highly and negatively correlated with lower total phenolic and condensed tannin concentrations. Elevated temperature caused no such effects, but increased growth significantly, while shading reduced shoot biomass, and fertil ...
... had caused an increase in nitrogen concentrations in the leaves, which were highly and negatively correlated with lower total phenolic and condensed tannin concentrations. Elevated temperature caused no such effects, but increased growth significantly, while shading reduced shoot biomass, and fertil ...
A model study of warming-induced phosphorus–oxygen feedbacks
... Received: 20 October 2016 – Discussion started: 31 October 2016 Revised: 20 March 2017 – Accepted: 12 April 2017 – Published: 19 May 2017 ...
... Received: 20 October 2016 – Discussion started: 31 October 2016 Revised: 20 March 2017 – Accepted: 12 April 2017 – Published: 19 May 2017 ...
Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics and Climate
... determine critical global change variables; and, 2) design an operational ecosystem monitoring system that couples observations and modeling. These field studies are coordinated with other activities: the development of coupled biological/physical models; retrospective analysis of data collected ove ...
... determine critical global change variables; and, 2) design an operational ecosystem monitoring system that couples observations and modeling. These field studies are coordinated with other activities: the development of coupled biological/physical models; retrospective analysis of data collected ove ...
Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past
... significant δ18 O lead at the start (Fig. 2d). Nevertheless, to avoid potential model bias during the initial onset phase, we determine τmod (arrows) as an average model lag, omitting the initial 40% of the normalized response (see Supplementary Information). The scenario shown in a is not feasible ...
... significant δ18 O lead at the start (Fig. 2d). Nevertheless, to avoid potential model bias during the initial onset phase, we determine τmod (arrows) as an average model lag, omitting the initial 40% of the normalized response (see Supplementary Information). The scenario shown in a is not feasible ...
Climate change and planning: carbon control and spatial regulation
... traded as commodities. The logic of these ‘cap and trade’ schemes is that those who save carbon emissions are rewarded by being able to sell the excess carbon credits, while those who overshoot have to pay for their pollution by buying additional carbon credits. The overall quota is reduced over tim ...
... traded as commodities. The logic of these ‘cap and trade’ schemes is that those who save carbon emissions are rewarded by being able to sell the excess carbon credits, while those who overshoot have to pay for their pollution by buying additional carbon credits. The overall quota is reduced over tim ...
The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century
... Two such coupled models that simulate the anthropogenic perturbation during the 21st century based on emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cox et al. 2000; Dufresne et al. 2002) show dramatically different magnitudes of climate-carbon cycle interactions (Figure ...
... Two such coupled models that simulate the anthropogenic perturbation during the 21st century based on emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Cox et al. 2000; Dufresne et al. 2002) show dramatically different magnitudes of climate-carbon cycle interactions (Figure ...
Pulse response functions are cost-e cient tools to model the link
... an initial carbon input at time 0 using a complex carbon cycle model. The value of the pulse response function at any particular time is the fraction of the initially added carbon which is still found in the atmosphere. Depending on whether the pulse function was derived from an ocean-atmosphere or ...
... an initial carbon input at time 0 using a complex carbon cycle model. The value of the pulse response function at any particular time is the fraction of the initially added carbon which is still found in the atmosphere. Depending on whether the pulse function was derived from an ocean-atmosphere or ...
Risks from Climate Feedbacks
... Increased plant growth rates from CO2 fertilisation increases the vegetation and soil carbon stores. However, there is uncertainty over how much the stores will grow. This is because the ability of plants to increase their growth rates is not only determined by CO2, but also other nutrients such as ...
... Increased plant growth rates from CO2 fertilisation increases the vegetation and soil carbon stores. However, there is uncertainty over how much the stores will grow. This is because the ability of plants to increase their growth rates is not only determined by CO2, but also other nutrients such as ...
global carbon cycle - Globe Carbon Cycle
... as hydrocarbons formed over millions of years from ancient living organisms under intense temperature and pressure. These hydrocarbons are commonly known as fossil fuels. Oceans: The Earth’s oceans contain 38,000 PgC, most of which is in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon stored at great depths ...
... as hydrocarbons formed over millions of years from ancient living organisms under intense temperature and pressure. These hydrocarbons are commonly known as fossil fuels. Oceans: The Earth’s oceans contain 38,000 PgC, most of which is in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon stored at great depths ...
Stream 3.1 Marine ecosystem change Stream goals
... KRQ 3.1.5 Which key pelagic species and communities are most vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, and what are the mechanisms of this effect? These questions focus on contemporary change as well as on what may happen in the future. Ecosystem models will be needed to assess the indirect ...
... KRQ 3.1.5 Which key pelagic species and communities are most vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, and what are the mechanisms of this effect? These questions focus on contemporary change as well as on what may happen in the future. Ecosystem models will be needed to assess the indirect ...
Biomimicry - Strategic Energy Innovations.
... changing faster than ever. One of the most significant and widespread causes of changing conditions for life on Earth is climate change. The major atmospheric elements, nitrogen and oxygen, have remained roughly the same in our recent past, but carbon dioxide levels have been steadily rising. Recent ...
... changing faster than ever. One of the most significant and widespread causes of changing conditions for life on Earth is climate change. The major atmospheric elements, nitrogen and oxygen, have remained roughly the same in our recent past, but carbon dioxide levels have been steadily rising. Recent ...
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world
... to illustrate how these changes will affect the diverse and well-studied benthic marine flora of the northeast Atlantic and the impact on ecosystem structure and function. This should serve as a template to stimulate further discussion and work. ...
... to illustrate how these changes will affect the diverse and well-studied benthic marine flora of the northeast Atlantic and the impact on ecosystem structure and function. This should serve as a template to stimulate further discussion and work. ...
State of resources reporting
... Outlook for forest carbon Researchers continue to improve their understanding and estimates of forest carbon. In general, given today’s management practices and harvest rates and moderate changes in climate, estimates show that Ontario’s managed forests should be a small carbon sink over the next ce ...
... Outlook for forest carbon Researchers continue to improve their understanding and estimates of forest carbon. In general, given today’s management practices and harvest rates and moderate changes in climate, estimates show that Ontario’s managed forests should be a small carbon sink over the next ce ...
Development of a system emulating the global carbon cycle in Earth
... change anomalies is assumed fixed, and calculated as the difference between a control run (e.g. a pre-industrial climate simulation) and an equilibrium run under different boundary conditions, typically 2×CO2 with a slab ocean model. For transient simulations, the pattern of climate change is then s ...
... change anomalies is assumed fixed, and calculated as the difference between a control run (e.g. a pre-industrial climate simulation) and an equilibrium run under different boundary conditions, typically 2×CO2 with a slab ocean model. For transient simulations, the pattern of climate change is then s ...
Slow science: the value of long ocean biogeochemistry records
... oligotrophic gyres are thus expected to expand, further reducing global productivity. In subpolar regions, increased stratification may result in an earlier alleviation of light limitation, extending the phytoplankton growth season to earlier in the year [6]. Changing temperatures also directly affe ...
... oligotrophic gyres are thus expected to expand, further reducing global productivity. In subpolar regions, increased stratification may result in an earlier alleviation of light limitation, extending the phytoplankton growth season to earlier in the year [6]. Changing temperatures also directly affe ...
The Researches on China
... to 45 percent by 2020 from 2005 levels in the run-up to last year’s Copenhagen climate summit. Meeting China’s emissions reduction targets and developing a low-carbon economy not only need to address technical, legal and standard issues, but also call for financial support. Although it is necessary ...
... to 45 percent by 2020 from 2005 levels in the run-up to last year’s Copenhagen climate summit. Meeting China’s emissions reduction targets and developing a low-carbon economy not only need to address technical, legal and standard issues, but also call for financial support. Although it is necessary ...
Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi
... and export of particulate organic carbon (EP) are projected over the 21st century with four global coupled carbon cycleclimate models. These include representations of marine ecosystems and the carbon cycle of different structure and complexity. All four models show a decrease in global mean PP and ...
... and export of particulate organic carbon (EP) are projected over the 21st century with four global coupled carbon cycleclimate models. These include representations of marine ecosystems and the carbon cycle of different structure and complexity. All four models show a decrease in global mean PP and ...
Using the Capacity of Forests to Absorb Carbon
... other evidence indicates that they almost certainly have been increasing for well over 100 years. Since about 1800, the content of CO2 in the atmosphere increased nearly 30% (Downing et al., 1992). Rising CO2 levels reflect a global C cycle in which more C is released into the atmosphere (from sourc ...
... other evidence indicates that they almost certainly have been increasing for well over 100 years. Since about 1800, the content of CO2 in the atmosphere increased nearly 30% (Downing et al., 1992). Rising CO2 levels reflect a global C cycle in which more C is released into the atmosphere (from sourc ...
Nippon Foundation-Nereus Report "Predicting Future Oceans"
... There is a growing concern among marine scientists over the impacts of global environmental changes, specifically climate change, ocean acidification, and the loss of biodiversity, on the state of our future oceans and their capacity to produce seafood. Given the scale of these environmental changes ...
... There is a growing concern among marine scientists over the impacts of global environmental changes, specifically climate change, ocean acidification, and the loss of biodiversity, on the state of our future oceans and their capacity to produce seafood. Given the scale of these environmental changes ...
Predicting future oceans: climate
... There is a growing concern among marine scientists over the impacts of global environmental changes, specifically climate change, ocean acidification, and the loss of biodiversity, on the state of our future oceans and their capacity to produce seafood. Given the scale of these environmental changes ...
... There is a growing concern among marine scientists over the impacts of global environmental changes, specifically climate change, ocean acidification, and the loss of biodiversity, on the state of our future oceans and their capacity to produce seafood. Given the scale of these environmental changes ...
Chapter 4 The Ocean`s Role in the Hydrological Cycle
... The spatial distributions of these freshwater fluxes drive important patterns in regional and global ocean circulation, which are discussed in Chapter 5. The Southern Ocean (defined as all ocean area south of 60°S) deserves special mention due to its role in the storage of heat (and carbon) for the ...
... The spatial distributions of these freshwater fluxes drive important patterns in regional and global ocean circulation, which are discussed in Chapter 5. The Southern Ocean (defined as all ocean area south of 60°S) deserves special mention due to its role in the storage of heat (and carbon) for the ...
The Organic Farming Response to Climate
... These trials illustrate that economic benefit as well as environmental protection can and should work together hand in hand. The economic benefits are realized by farmers and landowners who see reduced costs for fertilizer, energy and fuels requirement, irrigation needs, and increased crop yields an ...
... These trials illustrate that economic benefit as well as environmental protection can and should work together hand in hand. The economic benefits are realized by farmers and landowners who see reduced costs for fertilizer, energy and fuels requirement, irrigation needs, and increased crop yields an ...
oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time
... deep ocean, at least, became highly corrosive to CaCO3. These same models applied to modern fossil fuel release project a substantial decline in surface water saturation state in the next century. So, there may be no precedent in Earth history for the type of disruption we might expect from the phen ...
... deep ocean, at least, became highly corrosive to CaCO3. These same models applied to modern fossil fuel release project a substantial decline in surface water saturation state in the next century. So, there may be no precedent in Earth history for the type of disruption we might expect from the phen ...
FACT SHEET Carbon pricing Key points
... Carbon tax and cap and trade Two major carbon pricing mechanisms are carbon taxes and cap and trade. A carbon tax is a direct fee imposed on fossil fuels and other primary products (such as refrigerators), based on the amount of greenhouse gases they emit.1 Increasingly, carbon tax is becoming an im ...
... Carbon tax and cap and trade Two major carbon pricing mechanisms are carbon taxes and cap and trade. A carbon tax is a direct fee imposed on fossil fuels and other primary products (such as refrigerators), based on the amount of greenhouse gases they emit.1 Increasingly, carbon tax is becoming an im ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.