Climatic Drivers of Change and the Future of African Ocean Assets
... business as usual (IPCC RCP8.5), sea temperatures are projected to increase by 0.62°C to 0.85°C over the near term and 2.44°C to 3.32°C over the long term (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2014). It only takes a temperature increase of 1-2°C to cause corals to bleach, and it is likely that coral bleaching and ...
... business as usual (IPCC RCP8.5), sea temperatures are projected to increase by 0.62°C to 0.85°C over the near term and 2.44°C to 3.32°C over the long term (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2014). It only takes a temperature increase of 1-2°C to cause corals to bleach, and it is likely that coral bleaching and ...
Mechanisms of Current Terrestrial Carbon Sinks and Future
... structure and demography of ecosystems are critical for understanding current and future C sinks. Both need to be coupled to biogeochemical and ecophysiological models. ...
... structure and demography of ecosystems are critical for understanding current and future C sinks. Both need to be coupled to biogeochemical and ecophysiological models. ...
Biogeosciences
... al., 2006) or foodwebs (Legendre and Rivkin, 2005). Recent experimental approaches have concentrated on perturbation studies (weeks to months) of phytoplankton responses to light climate, CO2 or nutrient concentrations, in laboratory cultures (Riebesell et al., 2000), shipboard experiments (Tortell ...
... al., 2006) or foodwebs (Legendre and Rivkin, 2005). Recent experimental approaches have concentrated on perturbation studies (weeks to months) of phytoplankton responses to light climate, CO2 or nutrient concentrations, in laboratory cultures (Riebesell et al., 2000), shipboard experiments (Tortell ...
Global Carbon Cycle Change
... • The current rate of transfer of C from geologic storage (as coal, oil, gas, limestone) to the atmosphere is approaching 10 Gigaton C/yr (1 ton = 1000kg) • The components of the Earth’s system we interact with (atmosphere, land biosphere, soils, surface ocean) can be considered to be one unit (Eart ...
... • The current rate of transfer of C from geologic storage (as coal, oil, gas, limestone) to the atmosphere is approaching 10 Gigaton C/yr (1 ton = 1000kg) • The components of the Earth’s system we interact with (atmosphere, land biosphere, soils, surface ocean) can be considered to be one unit (Eart ...
PDF
... capture and electrical generating facilities. Improvements in technology will likely extend this reach to smaller livestock operations in the future. Improving the quality and digestibility of forage can reduce methane production from ruminant digestion. More efficient use of fertilizers and improve ...
... capture and electrical generating facilities. Improvements in technology will likely extend this reach to smaller livestock operations in the future. Improving the quality and digestibility of forage can reduce methane production from ruminant digestion. More efficient use of fertilizers and improve ...
Arctic Meltdown Poses Global Threat 0309 - Global Warming
... says we cannot yet say whether emissions from melting permafrost contributed most to the rise. "But 2007 was unusually warm in Siberia, and we would expect emissions increases when temperature rises," he adds. The rise could just be a blip - or the start of something big. "Once this process starts, ...
... says we cannot yet say whether emissions from melting permafrost contributed most to the rise. "But 2007 was unusually warm in Siberia, and we would expect emissions increases when temperature rises," he adds. The rise could just be a blip - or the start of something big. "Once this process starts, ...
geoengineering: ocean iron fertilisation and the
... Few would disagree that the world’s reliance on fossil fuels as a driver of economic growth and prosperity has meant that anthropogenic climate change has become one of the largest issues facing humankind today. Various proposals aimed at addressing climate change through geoengineering have been p ...
... Few would disagree that the world’s reliance on fossil fuels as a driver of economic growth and prosperity has meant that anthropogenic climate change has become one of the largest issues facing humankind today. Various proposals aimed at addressing climate change through geoengineering have been p ...
Offset customers are not being informed as to
... 10. By 2018, 12 years after the flight was taken, 80% of the original emissions are offset, predominantly as the result of six years of energy efficiency savings and 12 years of renewable energy generation. But because the tree projects are only offsetting emissions at the rate of 0.3% of original e ...
... 10. By 2018, 12 years after the flight was taken, 80% of the original emissions are offset, predominantly as the result of six years of energy efficiency savings and 12 years of renewable energy generation. But because the tree projects are only offsetting emissions at the rate of 0.3% of original e ...
“Hot Pink Flamingos: Stories of Hope in a Changing Sea” Exhibit
... Similarly, “Hope Taking Root” shares stories of local actions that are making a difference – and provokes visitors to consider what they can do at home to slow the climate crisis. Playful Magellanic penguins can be found in the “Vanishing Feast” gallery. These charismatic birds from South America se ...
... Similarly, “Hope Taking Root” shares stories of local actions that are making a difference – and provokes visitors to consider what they can do at home to slow the climate crisis. Playful Magellanic penguins can be found in the “Vanishing Feast” gallery. These charismatic birds from South America se ...
Carbon Cycle
... freshwater systems and non-living organic material, such as soil carbon), the oceans (which includes dissolved inorganic carbon and living and non-living marine biota), and the sediments (which includes fossil fuels). The annual movements of carbon, the carbon exchanges between reservoirs, occur bec ...
... freshwater systems and non-living organic material, such as soil carbon), the oceans (which includes dissolved inorganic carbon and living and non-living marine biota), and the sediments (which includes fossil fuels). The annual movements of carbon, the carbon exchanges between reservoirs, occur bec ...
Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide
... the ice cores. It does seem to be that it is not high carbon dioxide concentration causing the temperature to begin to rise in the first place. The regular shape of the temperature graph suggests an almost mathematical function which in turn suggests that one of the causes of the temperature variati ...
... the ice cores. It does seem to be that it is not high carbon dioxide concentration causing the temperature to begin to rise in the first place. The regular shape of the temperature graph suggests an almost mathematical function which in turn suggests that one of the causes of the temperature variati ...
sean patrick bryan - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
... into the glacial to interglacial atmospheric CO2 rise from marine radiocarbon.” ...
... into the glacial to interglacial atmospheric CO2 rise from marine radiocarbon.” ...
HARMFUL ALGAE NEWS - University of Liverpool
... Ant algorithms were introduced to computer science by Marco Dorigo. The main idea of such algorithms is to use ants’ abilities to behave intelligently using only small interactions with their environment. Classical applications of such algorithms are finding the shortest path to a goal, digital netw ...
... Ant algorithms were introduced to computer science by Marco Dorigo. The main idea of such algorithms is to use ants’ abilities to behave intelligently using only small interactions with their environment. Classical applications of such algorithms are finding the shortest path to a goal, digital netw ...
potential carbon sequestration projects in the philippines 126
... assessment report concludes that there is strong evidence that human activities have affected the world’s climate (IPCC 2001). The rise in global temperatures has been attributed to emission of greenhouse gasses, notably CO2 (Schimell et al. 1996). Forest ecosystems can be sources and sinks of carbo ...
... assessment report concludes that there is strong evidence that human activities have affected the world’s climate (IPCC 2001). The rise in global temperatures has been attributed to emission of greenhouse gasses, notably CO2 (Schimell et al. 1996). Forest ecosystems can be sources and sinks of carbo ...
Document
... This activity centers on the scientific question: What forest management practices are the most practical to maximize carbon sequestration? Following the Carbon Teaching Experiment (TE), students should have a good grasp that plants are carbon dioxide sinks and thus serve a key role in maintaining t ...
... This activity centers on the scientific question: What forest management practices are the most practical to maximize carbon sequestration? Following the Carbon Teaching Experiment (TE), students should have a good grasp that plants are carbon dioxide sinks and thus serve a key role in maintaining t ...
Carbon Footprint Tips for Arkansas Producers
... • Extreme temperatures and/or precipitation could damage crops or reduce yields. • Drought could become a challenge in areas where summer temperatures are projected to increase and precipitation is projected to decrease. As water supplies are reduced, it may be more difficult to meet water demand ...
... • Extreme temperatures and/or precipitation could damage crops or reduce yields. • Drought could become a challenge in areas where summer temperatures are projected to increase and precipitation is projected to decrease. As water supplies are reduced, it may be more difficult to meet water demand ...
Global warming could halt ocean circulation, with harmful result
... This vital question is in doubt because the behaviour of ocean currents is still remarkably obscure. On a crude level, the oceans of the world are linked together by a network of currents sometimes called the global conveyor, with warm surface flows connecting to cold deep currents. The conveyor is ...
... This vital question is in doubt because the behaviour of ocean currents is still remarkably obscure. On a crude level, the oceans of the world are linked together by a network of currents sometimes called the global conveyor, with warm surface flows connecting to cold deep currents. The conveyor is ...
Seabed organisms and ecosystems
... acidification and warming experiment to date (nearly 16 months), seasonal variation was found to modify the response of the intertidal polychaete Alitta virens. It was found that the effects of warming, ocean acidification and their interactions are not detectable in the short term, but became appar ...
... acidification and warming experiment to date (nearly 16 months), seasonal variation was found to modify the response of the intertidal polychaete Alitta virens. It was found that the effects of warming, ocean acidification and their interactions are not detectable in the short term, but became appar ...
Comment on ``Carbon farming dry coastal areas``
... International Panel for Climate Change for the calculation of global warming potentials (Forster et al., 2007). The model is driven by the historical anthropogenic emissions reaching 9.3 PgC yr−1 during the recent decade (Le Quéré et al., 2013). Figure 1 shows the effect of abruptly adding a sink of ...
... International Panel for Climate Change for the calculation of global warming potentials (Forster et al., 2007). The model is driven by the historical anthropogenic emissions reaching 9.3 PgC yr−1 during the recent decade (Le Quéré et al., 2013). Figure 1 shows the effect of abruptly adding a sink of ...
CIESM Monogr 40, Phytoplankton Responses to Change chpt 4
... the fraction of production associated with new nutrients (generally nitrate), should be defined starting from new phosphate (Dugdale and Goering, 1967). It is important to further our understanding of the phosphate cycle in surface waters, which is inadequately studied (BenitezNelson, 2000; Karl, AS ...
... the fraction of production associated with new nutrients (generally nitrate), should be defined starting from new phosphate (Dugdale and Goering, 1967). It is important to further our understanding of the phosphate cycle in surface waters, which is inadequately studied (BenitezNelson, 2000; Karl, AS ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... due to warming and freshening of the surface ocean is expected to result in increased mean irradiance exposures for populations inhabiting the upper mixed layer. Higher rainfall, ice melting, warming, and changing wind patterns under altered climate regimes can all contribute to mixed layer shoaling ...
... due to warming and freshening of the surface ocean is expected to result in increased mean irradiance exposures for populations inhabiting the upper mixed layer. Higher rainfall, ice melting, warming, and changing wind patterns under altered climate regimes can all contribute to mixed layer shoaling ...
56. Sabia R., D. Fernández-Prieto, J. Shutler, C. Donlon, P. Land, N
... expected to substantially alter the Earth’s water cycle1, impacting society and ecosystems globally2. The ocean component dominates the global water cycle, comprising nearly 97% of the Earth’s water and with over 75% (85%) of the annual global precipitation (evaporation) occurring over the ocean3-7. ...
... expected to substantially alter the Earth’s water cycle1, impacting society and ecosystems globally2. The ocean component dominates the global water cycle, comprising nearly 97% of the Earth’s water and with over 75% (85%) of the annual global precipitation (evaporation) occurring over the ocean3-7. ...
Chapter 1: Overview
... passes through the earth’s atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface, thereby warming it. Some of this absorbed energy is reradiated back toward space in a different form: as infrared radiation or heat. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb the heat energy and keep it from escaping back to s ...
... passes through the earth’s atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface, thereby warming it. Some of this absorbed energy is reradiated back toward space in a different form: as infrared radiation or heat. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb the heat energy and keep it from escaping back to s ...
How the Local Effects of Climate Change Could Affect Crabs in the
... Intertidal crabs live in a constantly fluctuating environment as the relatively stable conditions of high tide give way to stressful low tide conditions. Changes in oxygen and pH can be drastic and occur very rapidly in shallow isolated tide pools, but these chang14-6 ...
... Intertidal crabs live in a constantly fluctuating environment as the relatively stable conditions of high tide give way to stressful low tide conditions. Changes in oxygen and pH can be drastic and occur very rapidly in shallow isolated tide pools, but these chang14-6 ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.