Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal
... (more land) and southern (less land) mid-latitude oceans, combined with tropical warming, the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell is predicted to decrease in intensity while that of the Southern Hemisphere will increase in intensity [9]. It is still unclear how these future shifts in the Hadley Cell mig ...
... (more land) and southern (less land) mid-latitude oceans, combined with tropical warming, the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell is predicted to decrease in intensity while that of the Southern Hemisphere will increase in intensity [9]. It is still unclear how these future shifts in the Hadley Cell mig ...
Quantifying the Stock of Soil Carbon Sequestration in
... use and management. Soils have been source of GHGs ever since the dawn of settled agriculture about 10 to 12 thousand years ago, because of conversion of natural to managed ...
... use and management. Soils have been source of GHGs ever since the dawn of settled agriculture about 10 to 12 thousand years ago, because of conversion of natural to managed ...
The millennial atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2
... pCO2 of about 490 ppm to keep the global warming below the 2°C danger limit. This corresponds to about 400 Gton C of anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere. If we divide 400 Gton C by a maximum airborne fraction of 55%, we calculate a maximum allowable total emission of about 700 Gton C, of which 30 ...
... pCO2 of about 490 ppm to keep the global warming below the 2°C danger limit. This corresponds to about 400 Gton C of anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere. If we divide 400 Gton C by a maximum airborne fraction of 55%, we calculate a maximum allowable total emission of about 700 Gton C, of which 30 ...
The Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of the
... MA in African studies with specialization in Human and Economic development, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ...
... MA in African studies with specialization in Human and Economic development, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ...
Anomalous winter winds decrease 2014 transition zone productivity
... Abstract Wind-driven transport from the North Pacific in winter provides nutrients to a highly productive region in the transition zone between the subarctic and subtropics. This region supports many species of fish, marine mammals, and seabirds. In winter 2013/2014, anomalous winds from the south wea ...
... Abstract Wind-driven transport from the North Pacific in winter provides nutrients to a highly productive region in the transition zone between the subarctic and subtropics. This region supports many species of fish, marine mammals, and seabirds. In winter 2013/2014, anomalous winds from the south wea ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... modeling study are complimentary to the results from the work by Govindasamy et al. (2005), notably the increase in carbon–climate feedback with climate sensitivity, and persistence of the terrestrial carbon sink over the twenty-first century. In their model, the positive feedback between the carbon ...
... modeling study are complimentary to the results from the work by Govindasamy et al. (2005), notably the increase in carbon–climate feedback with climate sensitivity, and persistence of the terrestrial carbon sink over the twenty-first century. In their model, the positive feedback between the carbon ...
Carbon Trading or Carbon Tax - University of Technology Sydney
... ——In fact, government would loose the cap of carbon emission when it is facing political pressure, because the price of emission allowances will increase due to the decline of total amount of emission, this will undermine the environmental benefit certainty of carbon trading method to some extent. ...
... ——In fact, government would loose the cap of carbon emission when it is facing political pressure, because the price of emission allowances will increase due to the decline of total amount of emission, this will undermine the environmental benefit certainty of carbon trading method to some extent. ...
The Story of Carbon Meet Philip Duffy Also in this Issue
... dioxide to organic matter by terrestrial plants, through photosynthesis. A similar amount is transformed by the phytoplankton in the oceans. Photosynthesis uses the sun’s energy to split water molecules, combining part of that molecule with carbon dioxide to make organic matter (e.g., sugar, cellulo ...
... dioxide to organic matter by terrestrial plants, through photosynthesis. A similar amount is transformed by the phytoplankton in the oceans. Photosynthesis uses the sun’s energy to split water molecules, combining part of that molecule with carbon dioxide to make organic matter (e.g., sugar, cellulo ...
Carbon-nitrogen interactions regulate climate
... land ecosystems to radiatively-forced climate change (warming and changes in precipitation patterns), and land ecosystem response to direct fertilization of growth from increasing Ca and increasing nitrogen deposition. One potential approach to quantifying the C-N interaction is to perform two separ ...
... land ecosystems to radiatively-forced climate change (warming and changes in precipitation patterns), and land ecosystem response to direct fertilization of growth from increasing Ca and increasing nitrogen deposition. One potential approach to quantifying the C-N interaction is to perform two separ ...
Integration of Ocean Observations into an Ecosystem Approach to
... factors to guide resource managers pursuing multiple simultaneous ecosystem and societal objectives. IEAs incorporate human systems as an integral part of the ecosystem not only as a driver of ecosystem processes, but as users of its goods and services. As such, socioeconomic data and models are ess ...
... factors to guide resource managers pursuing multiple simultaneous ecosystem and societal objectives. IEAs incorporate human systems as an integral part of the ecosystem not only as a driver of ecosystem processes, but as users of its goods and services. As such, socioeconomic data and models are ess ...
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
... food webs through to intermediate consumers, top predators (including humans), and pathogens, and then back again through decomposition and detrital pathways. Thus, marine communities are biological networks in which the success of species is linked directly or indirectly through various biological ...
... food webs through to intermediate consumers, top predators (including humans), and pathogens, and then back again through decomposition and detrital pathways. Thus, marine communities are biological networks in which the success of species is linked directly or indirectly through various biological ...
Irish Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Status Report 2009
... species and ecosystems, especially on calcifying organisms such as deep sea corals. Acidification might be relevant in the highly productive coastal ocean as a consequence of manmade and local discharges of acidifying agents. • Acidification of seawater at the levels predicted by current carbon diox ...
... species and ecosystems, especially on calcifying organisms such as deep sea corals. Acidification might be relevant in the highly productive coastal ocean as a consequence of manmade and local discharges of acidifying agents. • Acidification of seawater at the levels predicted by current carbon diox ...
Biosequestration - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... million tCO2e per year when carbon is priced in a similar range (~$13 per tCO2/acre/year). 18 For comparison, total U.S. GHG emissions are about 7 billion metric tons of CO2e per year. The estimate of agricultural carbon sequestration is about 1 percent of the total annual U.S. GHG emissions. The af ...
... million tCO2e per year when carbon is priced in a similar range (~$13 per tCO2/acre/year). 18 For comparison, total U.S. GHG emissions are about 7 billion metric tons of CO2e per year. The estimate of agricultural carbon sequestration is about 1 percent of the total annual U.S. GHG emissions. The af ...
Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to
... effects marine and inland ecosystems are in addition to changes in land-use, including changes in sediment loads, water flows and physical-chemical consequences (hypoxia, stratification, salinity changes). The consequences of these processes are complex and will impact community composition, product ...
... effects marine and inland ecosystems are in addition to changes in land-use, including changes in sediment loads, water flows and physical-chemical consequences (hypoxia, stratification, salinity changes). The consequences of these processes are complex and will impact community composition, product ...
CSIRO A0 Science Poster
... waters, the Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, and the Coral Sea in close proximity to the Great Barrier Reef. During the cruise a CPR was towed for the majority of the transit and will provide zooplankton and phytoplankton species composition information over a vast spatial scale. Thanks to the crew ...
... waters, the Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, and the Coral Sea in close proximity to the Great Barrier Reef. During the cruise a CPR was towed for the majority of the transit and will provide zooplankton and phytoplankton species composition information over a vast spatial scale. Thanks to the crew ...
8-1 THE PREDICTED EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING AND
... A plant must also take in nutrients from the soil, and therefore the composition of the soil is very important to plant growth. By determining how much the composition of the soil changed over time, one may determine how much of what nutrients the plant used during its growth. Three important nutrie ...
... A plant must also take in nutrients from the soil, and therefore the composition of the soil is very important to plant growth. By determining how much the composition of the soil changed over time, one may determine how much of what nutrients the plant used during its growth. Three important nutrie ...
The Carbon Cycle : Feature Articles
... substance that dries on your faucet if you live in an area with hard water. In the modern ocean, most of the calcium carbonate is made by shellbuilding (calcifying) organisms (such as corals) and plankton (like coccolithophores and foraminifera). After the organisms die, they sink to the seafloor. O ...
... substance that dries on your faucet if you live in an area with hard water. In the modern ocean, most of the calcium carbonate is made by shellbuilding (calcifying) organisms (such as corals) and plankton (like coccolithophores and foraminifera). After the organisms die, they sink to the seafloor. O ...
here - IGBP
... fossil pollen. Marine palynology needs information about regionally relevant transporting mechanisms (horizontally by river transport, ocean currents, and winds, but also vertically in the water column) to interpret the pollen variations in a core in terms of changing environments. A significant fra ...
... fossil pollen. Marine palynology needs information about regionally relevant transporting mechanisms (horizontally by river transport, ocean currents, and winds, but also vertically in the water column) to interpret the pollen variations in a core in terms of changing environments. A significant fra ...
- UNM Digital Repository
... bined effects of such trace gases, climatic changes similar to those expected from a doubling of CO 2 concentration will doubtless take place considerably sooner than will the CO 2 doubling per se. At present, changes in climate due to increased CO 2 concentration are too minute to be detected. Thus ...
... bined effects of such trace gases, climatic changes similar to those expected from a doubling of CO 2 concentration will doubtless take place considerably sooner than will the CO 2 doubling per se. At present, changes in climate due to increased CO 2 concentration are too minute to be detected. Thus ...
The Science of Geoengineering - Carnegie Department of Global
... by careful scientific and technical analysis. Geoengineering approaches have been the subject of previous reviews, including chapters in 1992 and 2011 US National Academy reports (Comm. Am. Clim. Choices Natl. Res. Counc. 2011, Natl. Acad. Sci. 1992). Notably, David Keith contributed a review to a re ...
... by careful scientific and technical analysis. Geoengineering approaches have been the subject of previous reviews, including chapters in 1992 and 2011 US National Academy reports (Comm. Am. Clim. Choices Natl. Res. Counc. 2011, Natl. Acad. Sci. 1992). Notably, David Keith contributed a review to a re ...
Climate change and thresholds of biome shifts in - mtc
... projections from global and regional climate models and different levels of CO2 fertilization effect under the SRES A2 scenario (2070–2099). The results indicate that tropical forests might be replaced by seasonal forests or savanna over eastern Amazonia with temperature increases of 2–3°C (4–5°C), ...
... projections from global and regional climate models and different levels of CO2 fertilization effect under the SRES A2 scenario (2070–2099). The results indicate that tropical forests might be replaced by seasonal forests or savanna over eastern Amazonia with temperature increases of 2–3°C (4–5°C), ...
IATA CO2 Calculator Guidelines
... flight are divided amongst the passengers. Each passenger can therefore pay to offset the emissions caused by their share of the flight’s emissions. Passengers can offset their emissions by investing in carbon reduction projects that generate carbon credits. 2.4 What are carbon credits? Passengers c ...
... flight are divided amongst the passengers. Each passenger can therefore pay to offset the emissions caused by their share of the flight’s emissions. Passengers can offset their emissions by investing in carbon reduction projects that generate carbon credits. 2.4 What are carbon credits? Passengers c ...
2 4 12.0107 Carbon - The Climate Institute
... CO2 causes warming because it absorbs the heat radiation coming off the earth’s surface and radiates it back downwards. ...
... CO2 causes warming because it absorbs the heat radiation coming off the earth’s surface and radiates it back downwards. ...
Printing
... production that is exported from the near-surface ocean [29] would suggest that a warming of a few degrees would substantially reduce export. Furthermore, a faster decomposition of the sinking organic matter would lead to reduced downward transport of organic carbon in the thermocline, causing a wea ...
... production that is exported from the near-surface ocean [29] would suggest that a warming of a few degrees would substantially reduce export. Furthermore, a faster decomposition of the sinking organic matter would lead to reduced downward transport of organic carbon in the thermocline, causing a wea ...
Growing trees to sequester carbon in the UK
... levels, and in many areas by enhanced atmospheric N deposition. In the UK, this CO2 and Nfertilization sink could be of the order 2 MtC a–1. All these terrestrial sinks are offset by losses of soil organic carbon in other UK land areas due to increased cultivation, urbanization, drainage of peatland ...
... levels, and in many areas by enhanced atmospheric N deposition. In the UK, this CO2 and Nfertilization sink could be of the order 2 MtC a–1. All these terrestrial sinks are offset by losses of soil organic carbon in other UK land areas due to increased cultivation, urbanization, drainage of peatland ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.