Oceans Day Bulletin
... highlighted the direct link between climate change, ocean health and human wellbeing. Discussions at the event focused on the role of oceans in climate change and the fact that close to 50% of the world’s population living in coastal areas will suffer disproportionately from ocean warming, sea level ...
... highlighted the direct link between climate change, ocean health and human wellbeing. Discussions at the event focused on the role of oceans in climate change and the fact that close to 50% of the world’s population living in coastal areas will suffer disproportionately from ocean warming, sea level ...
Evaluating the Use of Ocean Models of Different Complexity in
... Due to these uncertainties, there is no single best climate model or best set of key climate parameters for projecting climate change. A sensible approach is therefore to produce probability distributions for the changes in the most important climate variables. Such probabilistic approaches are als ...
... Due to these uncertainties, there is no single best climate model or best set of key climate parameters for projecting climate change. A sensible approach is therefore to produce probability distributions for the changes in the most important climate variables. Such probabilistic approaches are als ...
and closing the carbon cycles (c³)
... I. As indicated the option of avoiding (fossil) carbon might be applicable for a majority of today‟s CO2 emissions. This seems to be the solution for most if not all energy-related use of carbon. However, there are essential chemical applications of carbon where carbon is indispensable if society do ...
... I. As indicated the option of avoiding (fossil) carbon might be applicable for a majority of today‟s CO2 emissions. This seems to be the solution for most if not all energy-related use of carbon. However, there are essential chemical applications of carbon where carbon is indispensable if society do ...
vsi13 pee Belfiori 19094649 en
... initial period of sophisticated policies are required to get the present generation to abide by it as well. When no commitment technologies are available, sophisticated policies are required both for today and in subsequent periods. I derive the results using a model of climate change in which an ex ...
... initial period of sophisticated policies are required to get the present generation to abide by it as well. When no commitment technologies are available, sophisticated policies are required both for today and in subsequent periods. I derive the results using a model of climate change in which an ex ...
Carbon stock accounts - UNSD
... 19. The flow based approach to accounting has encouraged policies that assume the mitigation value of carbon in different reservoirs is equal. By design, a stock-based approach can recognise that the mitigation value of carbon depends on the qualities of the reservoir in which it is embodied, namel ...
... 19. The flow based approach to accounting has encouraged policies that assume the mitigation value of carbon in different reservoirs is equal. By design, a stock-based approach can recognise that the mitigation value of carbon depends on the qualities of the reservoir in which it is embodied, namel ...
ThesisAlexandraKinnby final version july copy 2
... Climate change affects marine systems through changes in salinity, temperature, and pH. The projections for Swedish climate changes suggest increased precipitation and thereby a lowered salinity in benthic areas. Coastal ecosystems are particularly vulnerable because of the shallow water levels. Exp ...
... Climate change affects marine systems through changes in salinity, temperature, and pH. The projections for Swedish climate changes suggest increased precipitation and thereby a lowered salinity in benthic areas. Coastal ecosystems are particularly vulnerable because of the shallow water levels. Exp ...
1 1 Final Project Climate Change Part One: pg. 1
... particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere and prevented solar energy from reaching the Earth’s surface. Additionally, cloud cover from a volcanic event would also decrease solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface and would lower surface temperatures. It’s this sort of event that causes short-term em ...
... particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere and prevented solar energy from reaching the Earth’s surface. Additionally, cloud cover from a volcanic event would also decrease solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface and would lower surface temperatures. It’s this sort of event that causes short-term em ...
Gilbert N. Plass: Climate Science in Perspective
... Let us next examine some of the variations in the atmospheric carbon dioxide amount in past geological epochs and their correlation with the climate as deduced from the geologic record. It is interesting that a large number of these climatic variations can be explained simply and naturally by the c ...
... Let us next examine some of the variations in the atmospheric carbon dioxide amount in past geological epochs and their correlation with the climate as deduced from the geologic record. It is interesting that a large number of these climatic variations can be explained simply and naturally by the c ...
Frequently asked questions about ocean acidification Introduction
... which contains sulfuric and nitric acids originally derived from fossil fuel combustion, falls on the coastal oceans. The impact of acid rain on surface ocean chemistry may be important locally and regionally, but it is small globally and its total effects equal only a few percent of the changes dri ...
... which contains sulfuric and nitric acids originally derived from fossil fuel combustion, falls on the coastal oceans. The impact of acid rain on surface ocean chemistry may be important locally and regionally, but it is small globally and its total effects equal only a few percent of the changes dri ...
Frequently asked questions about ocean acidification
... which contains sulfuric and nitric acids originally derived from fossil fuel combustion, falls on the coastal oceans. The impact of acid rain on surface ocean chemistry may be important locally and regionally, but it is small globally and its total effects equal only a few percent of the changes dri ...
... which contains sulfuric and nitric acids originally derived from fossil fuel combustion, falls on the coastal oceans. The impact of acid rain on surface ocean chemistry may be important locally and regionally, but it is small globally and its total effects equal only a few percent of the changes dri ...
Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils
... suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastl ...
... suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastl ...
this paper
... These methods have a number of attractive properties [27] and [28]. They are inherently spatially averaging, suppressing the effects of mesoscale variability and directly providing measures of depth-integrated temperature that extend into the deep (> 2000 m) ocean. They provide high temporal resolut ...
... These methods have a number of attractive properties [27] and [28]. They are inherently spatially averaging, suppressing the effects of mesoscale variability and directly providing measures of depth-integrated temperature that extend into the deep (> 2000 m) ocean. They provide high temporal resolut ...
Plankton dynamics under different climatic conditions in space and
... and growth of planktivorous fish (Mooij, de Senerpont Domis & Hülsmann, 2008). Extreme weather events, such as the 2003 and 2006 summer heat waves in central Europe, promoted cyanobacterial blooms (Jöhnk et al., 2008) and shifts in phytoplankton (Wilhelm & Adrian, 2008) and zooplankton succession ( ...
... and growth of planktivorous fish (Mooij, de Senerpont Domis & Hülsmann, 2008). Extreme weather events, such as the 2003 and 2006 summer heat waves in central Europe, promoted cyanobacterial blooms (Jöhnk et al., 2008) and shifts in phytoplankton (Wilhelm & Adrian, 2008) and zooplankton succession ( ...
Full list of `Environment` briefings - European Parliament
... also for a change in energy consumption patterns. Larger areas of arable land for increased agricultural production also led to a further rise in the atmospheric CO2. Electricity generating power plants are one of the major CO2 sources, responsible for about one third of all CO2 released in the atmo ...
... also for a change in energy consumption patterns. Larger areas of arable land for increased agricultural production also led to a further rise in the atmospheric CO2. Electricity generating power plants are one of the major CO2 sources, responsible for about one third of all CO2 released in the atmo ...
Isotopic Tools for Protecting the Seas
... greatest natural resource. They help to maintain the broad ecological balance and the climate of our planet, while ocean based activities such as fishing, coastal tourism and shipping generate more than US $900 billion per year. Coastal zones, supporting about 60% of the global population, require s ...
... greatest natural resource. They help to maintain the broad ecological balance and the climate of our planet, while ocean based activities such as fishing, coastal tourism and shipping generate more than US $900 billion per year. Coastal zones, supporting about 60% of the global population, require s ...
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes
... in soil carbon and litter mass HS (Fig. 1f) is small relative to changes in vegetation biomass HV . The simulated uptake of atmospheric carbon over land is primarily the result of an increase in vegetation biomass. Figure 2 displays the airborne fraction (8A ) of cumulative anthropogenic fossil and ...
... in soil carbon and litter mass HS (Fig. 1f) is small relative to changes in vegetation biomass HV . The simulated uptake of atmospheric carbon over land is primarily the result of an increase in vegetation biomass. Figure 2 displays the airborne fraction (8A ) of cumulative anthropogenic fossil and ...
Ocean heat uptake and the global surface temperature record
... can be detected in the global surface temperature trend29. The severity of the slowdown is sensitive to the methods of data analysis employed11, but even taking the choice of start date and analysis methods into account there may have been a slowdown in surface temperature rise over the last decade. ...
... can be detected in the global surface temperature trend29. The severity of the slowdown is sensitive to the methods of data analysis employed11, but even taking the choice of start date and analysis methods into account there may have been a slowdown in surface temperature rise over the last decade. ...
pdf
... every living thing. Oxygen is another element that’s found in the air we breathe. When carbon and oxygen bond together, they form a colorless, odorless gas called CO2. In the Earth’s atmosphere, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means it traps heat. This “greenhouse effect” naturally helps to keep the ...
... every living thing. Oxygen is another element that’s found in the air we breathe. When carbon and oxygen bond together, they form a colorless, odorless gas called CO2. In the Earth’s atmosphere, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means it traps heat. This “greenhouse effect” naturally helps to keep the ...
Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on marin
... change is thus causing alterations to marine ecosystems with impacts that are evident from polar to tropical regions (Harley et al. 2006, Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007, IPCC 2007, Poloczanska et al. 2007, Przeslawski et al. 2008, Brierley & Kingsford 2009, Mueter & Litzow 2009). Ocean warming is implic ...
... change is thus causing alterations to marine ecosystems with impacts that are evident from polar to tropical regions (Harley et al. 2006, Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007, IPCC 2007, Poloczanska et al. 2007, Przeslawski et al. 2008, Brierley & Kingsford 2009, Mueter & Litzow 2009). Ocean warming is implic ...
An Examination of Carbon Sequestration via Global Reforestation
... constructive. Calculating total available land for reforestation with average temperate and tropical carbon sequestration rates reveals the potential for a 2% annual uptake in global CO2 sequestration (Brown et al., 1996). This increase would translate into a projected 2050 CO2 concentration of 361. ...
... constructive. Calculating total available land for reforestation with average temperate and tropical carbon sequestration rates reveals the potential for a 2% annual uptake in global CO2 sequestration (Brown et al., 1996). This increase would translate into a projected 2050 CO2 concentration of 361. ...
as a PDF
... 10been an unprecedented increase in the number of bathing infections that have been associated with 11warm water Vibrio species. For example, during the hot summer of 2006 wound infections linked to 12contact with Baltic and North Sea waters were reported from Germany (V. vulnificus) (Frank et al., ...
... 10been an unprecedented increase in the number of bathing infections that have been associated with 11warm water Vibrio species. For example, during the hot summer of 2006 wound infections linked to 12contact with Baltic and North Sea waters were reported from Germany (V. vulnificus) (Frank et al., ...
Ocean Acidification: Scientific Surges, Lagging Law and Policy
... (the most important of which are phytoplankton) have to expend energy on internally concentrating CO2 at their sites of photosynthesis. With falling pH, photosynthesizers will have to spend less energy on concentrating CO2 and photosynthetic rates should increase. Indeed this stimulating effect on p ...
... (the most important of which are phytoplankton) have to expend energy on internally concentrating CO2 at their sites of photosynthesis. With falling pH, photosynthesizers will have to spend less energy on concentrating CO2 and photosynthetic rates should increase. Indeed this stimulating effect on p ...
Lead–lag relationships between global mean temperature and the
... 2005a; Bereiter et al., 2012) by several centuries. Because one typically expects that the effect should lag its cause, this lag was claimed as an evidence against the role of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect in climate change (e.g., Quinn, 2010). This is done despite the results reported for Ant ...
... 2005a; Bereiter et al., 2012) by several centuries. Because one typically expects that the effect should lag its cause, this lag was claimed as an evidence against the role of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect in climate change (e.g., Quinn, 2010). This is done despite the results reported for Ant ...
Marine Phytoplankton Temperature versus Growth Responses from
... those about which relatively little is known – such as the small diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii [41] and the polar diatom Proboscia enermis [42] that have only recently been isolated. In addition to testing the efficacy of this community-wide pilot study, this research provides insights as to how ...
... those about which relatively little is known – such as the small diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii [41] and the polar diatom Proboscia enermis [42] that have only recently been isolated. In addition to testing the efficacy of this community-wide pilot study, this research provides insights as to how ...
Programme Booklet
... nutrient biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography and marine biogeochemistry. Dr Wang is particularly interested in chemical sensor developments for in-situ measurements of the seawater CO2 system (pH, pCO2/fCO2, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity), nutrients, and trace metals. His ...
... nutrient biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography and marine biogeochemistry. Dr Wang is particularly interested in chemical sensor developments for in-situ measurements of the seawater CO2 system (pH, pCO2/fCO2, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity), nutrients, and trace metals. His ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.