climate change and ocean acidification
... atmosphere during the Holocene Era (the last 11,700 years). The situation has, however, reversed with modern oceans now acting as a net sink of CO2. It is virtually certain that the oceans have sequestered 155 ± 30 Pg C (28% of total anthropogenic emissions) of anthropogenic CO2 since the Industrial ...
... atmosphere during the Holocene Era (the last 11,700 years). The situation has, however, reversed with modern oceans now acting as a net sink of CO2. It is virtually certain that the oceans have sequestered 155 ± 30 Pg C (28% of total anthropogenic emissions) of anthropogenic CO2 since the Industrial ...
Ocean Acidification! What is it? Why does it matter? What can I do
... 5. Review models in science (as needed, if this is the first Exploration Activity learner is doing). Remind/tell learners that in science, a model is something that is used to help understand, predict, or explain how things work. It is like the thing it represents in some, but not all ways. The two ...
... 5. Review models in science (as needed, if this is the first Exploration Activity learner is doing). Remind/tell learners that in science, a model is something that is used to help understand, predict, or explain how things work. It is like the thing it represents in some, but not all ways. The two ...
10 Years of Advancing Knowledge on the Global Carbon Cycle and
... The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the enormous scientific challenge and critical nature of the carbon cycle for the Earth’s sustainability. It was formed to establish a framework for international coordinated research on the global carbon cycle that advances f ...
... The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the enormous scientific challenge and critical nature of the carbon cycle for the Earth’s sustainability. It was formed to establish a framework for international coordinated research on the global carbon cycle that advances f ...
Suggestions for monitoring of biological effects of
... Neither mackerel or cod showed any negative effects from ocean acidification. The early life history stages of Great scallop showed decreased survival and growth at pH 7,54 and deformities in the larval shell. European lobster showed deformities in the exoskeleton at the larval stage which increased ...
... Neither mackerel or cod showed any negative effects from ocean acidification. The early life history stages of Great scallop showed decreased survival and growth at pH 7,54 and deformities in the larval shell. European lobster showed deformities in the exoskeleton at the larval stage which increased ...
Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate
... carbon dioxide has increased by about 30% since 1860 (Figure 1). The induced positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface. Indeed, the global temperature has risen up by 0.6C over the same period. This increase of temperature is modulated by other greenhouse gases and aerosols changes, but ...
... carbon dioxide has increased by about 30% since 1860 (Figure 1). The induced positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface. Indeed, the global temperature has risen up by 0.6C over the same period. This increase of temperature is modulated by other greenhouse gases and aerosols changes, but ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... phase, the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research (IGFA-GCR), organizations that oversee international science coordination, were considering major changes in programmatic structure, function and funding, which had particul ...
... phase, the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research (IGFA-GCR), organizations that oversee international science coordination, were considering major changes in programmatic structure, function and funding, which had particul ...
Trophic amplification of climate warming
... 2005). We have previously shown that temperature is more important than wind intensity and direction, salinity, nutrients and oxygen in determining the North Atlantic and North Sea ecosystem dynamic regime (Beaugrand et al. 2008). During the 1980s, the North Sea experienced a change in hydro-climati ...
... 2005). We have previously shown that temperature is more important than wind intensity and direction, salinity, nutrients and oxygen in determining the North Atlantic and North Sea ecosystem dynamic regime (Beaugrand et al. 2008). During the 1980s, the North Sea experienced a change in hydro-climati ...
What is the temporal and spatial variability in porewater chemistry?
... - Small or no changes observed at deeper depths. - Some changes occurred prior to warming; possibly due to lack of lateral outflow from plots resulting in concentration of TOC. ...
... - Small or no changes observed at deeper depths. - Some changes occurred prior to warming; possibly due to lack of lateral outflow from plots resulting in concentration of TOC. ...
The Citizen`s Guide to Carbon Capping
... • Auctioning avoids windfalls for polluters. • Auctioning avoids lobbying for preferential treatment. Every carbon emitter is treated equally. • With auction revenue, the state can invest in new energy infrastructure. • With auction revenue, the state can return money to consumers (who will pay high ...
... • Auctioning avoids windfalls for polluters. • Auctioning avoids lobbying for preferential treatment. Every carbon emitter is treated equally. • With auction revenue, the state can invest in new energy infrastructure. • With auction revenue, the state can return money to consumers (who will pay high ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... by-product of burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as land-use changes and other industrial processes. It is the reference gas against which other green house gases are measured and therefore has a global warming potential. Henson (2006:24) cites that, “carbon dioxide, the chief offender, accou ...
... by-product of burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as land-use changes and other industrial processes. It is the reference gas against which other green house gases are measured and therefore has a global warming potential. Henson (2006:24) cites that, “carbon dioxide, the chief offender, accou ...
International Quality Controlled Ocean Database
... database to the global ocean and climate research communities. No single group has the combined expertise and resources to develop, implement and apply the best standard quality control procedures, in an effective and timely manner. An internationally coordinated SCOR working group, potentially co-s ...
... database to the global ocean and climate research communities. No single group has the combined expertise and resources to develop, implement and apply the best standard quality control procedures, in an effective and timely manner. An internationally coordinated SCOR working group, potentially co-s ...
Unit III - Department of Physical Oceanography, CUSAT
... of sea water, distribution of temperature, salinity, density and oxygen in space and time, PSU and TOES-10, acoustical and optical characteristics of seawater – SOFAR channel shadow zone – color of the sea. Unit II Heat budget of ocean: insolation – long wave radiation – effect of clouds – sensible ...
... of sea water, distribution of temperature, salinity, density and oxygen in space and time, PSU and TOES-10, acoustical and optical characteristics of seawater – SOFAR channel shadow zone – color of the sea. Unit II Heat budget of ocean: insolation – long wave radiation – effect of clouds – sensible ...
wrm bulletin # 37 - World Rainforest Movement
... The reasoning seems quite straightforward: while trees are growing, they take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fix the carbon in their wood. They thus act as "carbon sinks" and therefore help to counter climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. So what's the problem then? ...
... The reasoning seems quite straightforward: while trees are growing, they take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fix the carbon in their wood. They thus act as "carbon sinks" and therefore help to counter climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. So what's the problem then? ...
Carbon Pricing Watch - World bank documents
... Globally, 2014 was the warmest year on record1 and temperatures are now 0.8°C above pre-industrial levels.2 Even at this relatively low level of warming, the earth is showing the impact—more frequent occurrences of extreme heat and extreme precipitation, a drying trend in drought-prone regions, and ...
... Globally, 2014 was the warmest year on record1 and temperatures are now 0.8°C above pre-industrial levels.2 Even at this relatively low level of warming, the earth is showing the impact—more frequent occurrences of extreme heat and extreme precipitation, a drying trend in drought-prone regions, and ...
BC Coastal Marine Science 2015 Workshop
... surveys and time series), on which the smaller research programs can layer the process oriented studies. Several focused studies were identified for immediate collaboration, including a focused suite of experiments in Saanich Inlet, planned for 2016. Similar events or workshops, co-sponsored by seve ...
... surveys and time series), on which the smaller research programs can layer the process oriented studies. Several focused studies were identified for immediate collaboration, including a focused suite of experiments in Saanich Inlet, planned for 2016. Similar events or workshops, co-sponsored by seve ...
Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system
... sections cover the main research domains consistent with the goals of the broader research agenda described above: diagnostics of the carbon cycle — the observation and quantification of the human disturbance on the carbon cycle; vulnerabilities of the carbon cycle — understanding the processes driv ...
... sections cover the main research domains consistent with the goals of the broader research agenda described above: diagnostics of the carbon cycle — the observation and quantification of the human disturbance on the carbon cycle; vulnerabilities of the carbon cycle — understanding the processes driv ...
Climate change during the last 150 million years: reconstruction
... both the past 100 Ma [3,4,9,15,16] and the Phanerozoic [5–7]. This indicates a significant role of the carbon cycle on the long-term climate change. The middle to Late Cretaceous is known to have been one of the warmest periods during the Phanerozoic: the average global temperature was probably >6ºC ...
... both the past 100 Ma [3,4,9,15,16] and the Phanerozoic [5–7]. This indicates a significant role of the carbon cycle on the long-term climate change. The middle to Late Cretaceous is known to have been one of the warmest periods during the Phanerozoic: the average global temperature was probably >6ºC ...
Role of volcanic forcing on future global carbon cycle
... change in atmospheric CO2 per unit change in global mean surface temperature decreases with increasing magnitude of the volcanic perturbation. For the historical period over the past few decades, other studies has also stated and emphasized the important roles of volcanic forcings in influencing the ...
... change in atmospheric CO2 per unit change in global mean surface temperature decreases with increasing magnitude of the volcanic perturbation. For the historical period over the past few decades, other studies has also stated and emphasized the important roles of volcanic forcings in influencing the ...
Competing roles of rising CO2 and climate change
... spin-up. In this study sub daily variations of temperature, shortwave radiation and precipitation have been imposed on the daily mean driving data. The vegetation dynamics component of JULES is disabled in this study, and vegetation fractions are held static throughout the experiments, using the sam ...
... spin-up. In this study sub daily variations of temperature, shortwave radiation and precipitation have been imposed on the daily mean driving data. The vegetation dynamics component of JULES is disabled in this study, and vegetation fractions are held static throughout the experiments, using the sam ...
Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review
... stronger wind forcing and ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (~20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show t ...
... stronger wind forcing and ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (~20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show t ...
Robust Land–Ocean Contrasts in Energy and Water Cycle Feedbacks
... regions, a feature that is ubiquitous in both early and modern coupled general circulation models (Manabe et al. 1990, 1991; Joshi et al. 2008). Fundamental constraints governing the contrast have been suggested, including the nonlinearity of the moist-adiabatic lapse rate in a warming environment a ...
... regions, a feature that is ubiquitous in both early and modern coupled general circulation models (Manabe et al. 1990, 1991; Joshi et al. 2008). Fundamental constraints governing the contrast have been suggested, including the nonlinearity of the moist-adiabatic lapse rate in a warming environment a ...
iMarNet: an ocean biogeochemistry model intercomparison project
... focused on the ability of the model to reproduce globalscale bulk properties – such as nutrient and carbon distributions – that broadly characterise the activity of marine biota (and thus the carbon cycle) in the ocean. To limit the role of errors originating from modelled physics, all of the examin ...
... focused on the ability of the model to reproduce globalscale bulk properties – such as nutrient and carbon distributions – that broadly characterise the activity of marine biota (and thus the carbon cycle) in the ocean. To limit the role of errors originating from modelled physics, all of the examin ...
Carbon-climate coupling in the Northern High Latitudes
... amount of carbon the land takes up. The mean uptake of terrestrial carbon by 2100 is 38 PgC with a range of 17 to 82 PgC in the C4MIP models (Fig. 4b and d). Since the models differ significantly in their degree of warming at a given time (Fig.3), we also analyzed the NEP change as a function of tem ...
... amount of carbon the land takes up. The mean uptake of terrestrial carbon by 2100 is 38 PgC with a range of 17 to 82 PgC in the C4MIP models (Fig. 4b and d). Since the models differ significantly in their degree of warming at a given time (Fig.3), we also analyzed the NEP change as a function of tem ...
Historical and future quantification of terrestrial carbon
... entire biome area would be in its potential natural state. This GHGV determined in PNV simulations can also be considered an estimate for natural land within biomes that also include a fraction under management. This perspective is expanded in PNVN simulations considering C–N dynamics. CLU simulatio ...
... entire biome area would be in its potential natural state. This GHGV determined in PNV simulations can also be considered an estimate for natural land within biomes that also include a fraction under management. This perspective is expanded in PNVN simulations considering C–N dynamics. CLU simulatio ...
Climate –carbon cycle feedback analysis, results from the C MIP
... for stomatal conductance. The annual carbon balance of vegetation is used to predict changes in the leaf area index and biomass for each of 12 plant functional types, which compete for light and water using different ecological strategies. IBIS also simulates carbon cycling through litter and soil o ...
... for stomatal conductance. The annual carbon balance of vegetation is used to predict changes in the leaf area index and biomass for each of 12 plant functional types, which compete for light and water using different ecological strategies. IBIS also simulates carbon cycling through litter and soil o ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.