Significance of hydrolytic enzymes expressed during xylem
... programmed cell death and their cell contents are removed by autolysis to create a hollow tube. During their differentiation, xylem cells express various hydrolytic enzymes, such as proteases, nucleases and lipases, but only in a few examples has their role in xylem cell death been characterized. Th ...
... programmed cell death and their cell contents are removed by autolysis to create a hollow tube. During their differentiation, xylem cells express various hydrolytic enzymes, such as proteases, nucleases and lipases, but only in a few examples has their role in xylem cell death been characterized. Th ...
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis
... in apoptosis appeared about fifteen years ago. The discovery was a result of experiments on the induction of apoptosis in cultured cells by moderate oxidative stress. LMP was found to be a response to such stress, which was then apparently followed by MMP and classical apoptosis (reviewed in Brunk e ...
... in apoptosis appeared about fifteen years ago. The discovery was a result of experiments on the induction of apoptosis in cultured cells by moderate oxidative stress. LMP was found to be a response to such stress, which was then apparently followed by MMP and classical apoptosis (reviewed in Brunk e ...
the Cytoskeleton in Plant Development1
... in fern protonemata where the formation of the preprophase band can be manipulated by centrifugation of the nucleus to a new location (Murata and Wada, 1991187]) suggest a causal relationship between preprophase band and cell plate formation. Moreover, in cells, where the axis or symmetry of cell di ...
... in fern protonemata where the formation of the preprophase band can be manipulated by centrifugation of the nucleus to a new location (Murata and Wada, 1991187]) suggest a causal relationship between preprophase band and cell plate formation. Moreover, in cells, where the axis or symmetry of cell di ...
DETERMINANTS: What`s in a Name?
... of the cell in its own destruction, as does PCD, but rather arises from a loss of function. The distinction between PCD and necrosis may be envisioned as the difference between “organized disassembly” and “death from damage.” Apoptosis, the most characterized form of PCD in animal systems, displays ...
... of the cell in its own destruction, as does PCD, but rather arises from a loss of function. The distinction between PCD and necrosis may be envisioned as the difference between “organized disassembly” and “death from damage.” Apoptosis, the most characterized form of PCD in animal systems, displays ...
Mitotic Disrupter Herbicides
... by limiting something required for the mitotic process. For example, the inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis by sulfonylurea herbicides leads to a quick lowering of the number of cells entering mitosis (22). However, there are a number of herbicides that specifically disrupt mitosis or cytokinesis ...
... by limiting something required for the mitotic process. For example, the inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis by sulfonylurea herbicides leads to a quick lowering of the number of cells entering mitosis (22). However, there are a number of herbicides that specifically disrupt mitosis or cytokinesis ...
Sperm entry is sufficient to trigger division of the
... either female gamete could be fertilized leading to similar proportions of seeds containing either a single endosperm or a single embryo. When two cdka;1 sperm cells were released, they fused to each female gamete. Embryogenesis was initiated but the fusion between the nuclei of the sperm cell and t ...
... either female gamete could be fertilized leading to similar proportions of seeds containing either a single endosperm or a single embryo. When two cdka;1 sperm cells were released, they fused to each female gamete. Embryogenesis was initiated but the fusion between the nuclei of the sperm cell and t ...
OCTOPUS, a polarly localised membrane
... developing vasculature (Scarpella et al., 2006). However, not all vascular patterning mutants show altered auxin transport or response, indicating that auxin-independent factors also play a role in this process (Candela et al., 1999; Carland et al., 1999; Carland et al., 2002). Notably, vascular dev ...
... developing vasculature (Scarpella et al., 2006). However, not all vascular patterning mutants show altered auxin transport or response, indicating that auxin-independent factors also play a role in this process (Candela et al., 1999; Carland et al., 1999; Carland et al., 2002). Notably, vascular dev ...
Dissecting the function of Atg1 complex in Dictyostelium autophagy
... with the ER. Once formed, they fuse with lysosomes, which are also numerous in contrast with the single huge vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [11]. This similarity extends to the molecular mechanisms as there are a number of autophagic proteins conserved between Dictyostelium and mammalian cells ...
... with the ER. Once formed, they fuse with lysosomes, which are also numerous in contrast with the single huge vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [11]. This similarity extends to the molecular mechanisms as there are a number of autophagic proteins conserved between Dictyostelium and mammalian cells ...
division plane orientation in plant cells
... between interphase and preprophase cells, fluorescently labeled MTs were observed in live BY-2 cells. In one study, PPB MTs labeled at their plus ends with mammalian CLIP170:GFP had a faster growth rate and an increased catastrophe frequency when compared to similarly labeled interphase cortical MT ...
... between interphase and preprophase cells, fluorescently labeled MTs were observed in live BY-2 cells. In one study, PPB MTs labeled at their plus ends with mammalian CLIP170:GFP had a faster growth rate and an increased catastrophe frequency when compared to similarly labeled interphase cortical MT ...
Liquid-Tissue Mechanics in Amphibian Gastrulation: Germ
... cell shape changes which cause tissue thickening and bending. Similar cell shape changes have been observed in coated amphibian germ layers—e.g., bottle-cell formation in surface cells at the blastopore lip (see Holtfreter, 1943a,6; Baker, 1965; Perry and Waddington, 1966). Therefore this intracellu ...
... cell shape changes which cause tissue thickening and bending. Similar cell shape changes have been observed in coated amphibian germ layers—e.g., bottle-cell formation in surface cells at the blastopore lip (see Holtfreter, 1943a,6; Baker, 1965; Perry and Waddington, 1966). Therefore this intracellu ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
... suggests a defect in cell wall function. As cortical microtubules have been implicated in regulating anisotropic growth, we examined their arrangement in epidermal cells of wild-type and fei1 fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. In both wild-type and fei1 fei2 double mutant root cells, the m ...
... suggests a defect in cell wall function. As cortical microtubules have been implicated in regulating anisotropic growth, we examined their arrangement in epidermal cells of wild-type and fei1 fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. In both wild-type and fei1 fei2 double mutant root cells, the m ...
Asymmetric cell division in C. elegans - Development
... asymmetric V5 cell division In wild-type animals, the first division of the epidermal V cells generates a polarized pattern of seam cells and syncytial nuclei along the A/P axis of the worm. These two cell types can be visualized using Nomarski optics and distinguished by differences in the morpholo ...
... asymmetric V5 cell division In wild-type animals, the first division of the epidermal V cells generates a polarized pattern of seam cells and syncytial nuclei along the A/P axis of the worm. These two cell types can be visualized using Nomarski optics and distinguished by differences in the morpholo ...
Decreased argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region
... score’ of the AgNOR expression did not differ from that of agematched controls. However, a noteworthy finding was related to a ‘specific score’ detected in the cerebellar cortex of nine SIUDS and four SIDS cases. Surprisingly, in fact, intermixed with several PCs showing a swollen, shrunken morphology ...
... score’ of the AgNOR expression did not differ from that of agematched controls. However, a noteworthy finding was related to a ‘specific score’ detected in the cerebellar cortex of nine SIUDS and four SIDS cases. Surprisingly, in fact, intermixed with several PCs showing a swollen, shrunken morphology ...
Plant microtubule organization
... Plant microtubule arrays differ fundamentally from their animal, fungal and protistan counterparts. These differences largely reflect the requirements of plant composite polymer cell walls and probably also relate to the acquisition of chloroplasts. Plant microtubules are usually dispersed and lack ...
... Plant microtubule arrays differ fundamentally from their animal, fungal and protistan counterparts. These differences largely reflect the requirements of plant composite polymer cell walls and probably also relate to the acquisition of chloroplasts. Plant microtubules are usually dispersed and lack ...
4-3. Cell wall structure of E. coli and B. subtilis
... and therefore can be called autolysins or suicide enzymes [1, 4]. Autolysins have been implicated in several important cellular processes, such as cell wall turnover, cell separation, competence, and flagellation (motility), in addition to cell lysis, and they act as pacemaker and space maker enzyme ...
... and therefore can be called autolysins or suicide enzymes [1, 4]. Autolysins have been implicated in several important cellular processes, such as cell wall turnover, cell separation, competence, and flagellation (motility), in addition to cell lysis, and they act as pacemaker and space maker enzyme ...
Oxidative Stress Contributes to Autophagy
... such as the unfolded protein response or the catabolic process of autophagy to ultimately recover cellular homeostasis. ER stress also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in autophagy regulation. However, it remains unknown whether reactive oxygen species ...
... such as the unfolded protein response or the catabolic process of autophagy to ultimately recover cellular homeostasis. ER stress also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in autophagy regulation. However, it remains unknown whether reactive oxygen species ...
Mitochondria use actin filaments as rails for fast translocation in
... mitochondria moving slowly along microtubules (0.220.05 m m s1), while in our study, mitochondria movement along microtubules was less than our limit of detection (0.3 m m s1). In any case, our in vivo study shows that mitochondria and peroxisomes in Arabidopsis and tobacco move quickly and over ...
... mitochondria moving slowly along microtubules (0.220.05 m m s1), while in our study, mitochondria movement along microtubules was less than our limit of detection (0.3 m m s1). In any case, our in vivo study shows that mitochondria and peroxisomes in Arabidopsis and tobacco move quickly and over ...
PDF
... timed experiments. Identified cells in 285 cleavagestage embryos (stages l-6c) were examined; the lengths and compositions of their cell cycles are presented in Figs 3 and 4. Limitations to the accuracy of our data are as follows: (1) Embryos were fixed at 30min intervals; thus, if homologous cells ...
... timed experiments. Identified cells in 285 cleavagestage embryos (stages l-6c) were examined; the lengths and compositions of their cell cycles are presented in Figs 3 and 4. Limitations to the accuracy of our data are as follows: (1) Embryos were fixed at 30min intervals; thus, if homologous cells ...
Experimental approaches to study plant cell walls during plant
... Pennsylvania State University, USA *Correspondence: Seth Debolt, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA e-mail: sdebo2@uky.edu ...
... Pennsylvania State University, USA *Correspondence: Seth Debolt, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA e-mail: sdebo2@uky.edu ...
The Mechanisms of hsp27 Antibody-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal
... immunolabeling demonstrated that the cytoplasmic binding of hsp27 antibody corresponds to actin cytoskeleton. Immunoelectron microscopy exhibited prominent colocalization of internalized hsp27 antibody to actin cytoskeleton within 2– 6 hr of exogenous application (Fig. 2). In addition, electron micr ...
... immunolabeling demonstrated that the cytoplasmic binding of hsp27 antibody corresponds to actin cytoskeleton. Immunoelectron microscopy exhibited prominent colocalization of internalized hsp27 antibody to actin cytoskeleton within 2– 6 hr of exogenous application (Fig. 2). In addition, electron micr ...
Roles for Rice Membrane Dynamics and Plasmodesmata during
... tissue is optically clear and relatively flat, which facilitates live-cell imaging (Koga et al., 2004). To assess whether major R gene– mediated specificity is maintained in leaf sheaths under our assay conditions, we compared compatible and incompatible interactions mediated by the Pi-ta resistance ...
... tissue is optically clear and relatively flat, which facilitates live-cell imaging (Koga et al., 2004). To assess whether major R gene– mediated specificity is maintained in leaf sheaths under our assay conditions, we compared compatible and incompatible interactions mediated by the Pi-ta resistance ...
Auxin-Dependent Cell Division and Cell Elongation. 1
... caused a strong stimulation of cell division and a strong decrease of cell length, i.e. it acted antagonistically to PTX. When NAA (without AlF42) was administered as the only auxin (again increasing its concentration to reach the same total concentration of exogenous auxin as under standard conditi ...
... caused a strong stimulation of cell division and a strong decrease of cell length, i.e. it acted antagonistically to PTX. When NAA (without AlF42) was administered as the only auxin (again increasing its concentration to reach the same total concentration of exogenous auxin as under standard conditi ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
... Downloaded by [Yeshiva University Libraries - Cardozo - Einstein - YU] at 17:53 15 September 2015 ...
... Downloaded by [Yeshiva University Libraries - Cardozo - Einstein - YU] at 17:53 15 September 2015 ...
Cell crawling mediates collective cell migration to
... the pressure exerted by surrounding cells, the pulling force from leader cells, or both (6, 7, 12). The intricacy of the process and its regulation by the complex family of Rho-GTPases has promoted the appearance of many studies providing opposing roles for the different regulators (5, 13, 14). Cell ...
... the pressure exerted by surrounding cells, the pulling force from leader cells, or both (6, 7, 12). The intricacy of the process and its regulation by the complex family of Rho-GTPases has promoted the appearance of many studies providing opposing roles for the different regulators (5, 13, 14). Cell ...
Development of angiosperm seed is a complex process
... PA biosynthesis in the endothelium, regulates the biosynthesis of mucilage during seed coat epidermal differentiation. GL3 and EGL are bHLH transcription factors that act redundantly to promote mucilage biosynthesis and interact with TTG1 [36,37]. Thus GL3 and EGL replace TT8 as the TTG1 complex bHL ...
... PA biosynthesis in the endothelium, regulates the biosynthesis of mucilage during seed coat epidermal differentiation. GL3 and EGL are bHLH transcription factors that act redundantly to promote mucilage biosynthesis and interact with TTG1 [36,37]. Thus GL3 and EGL replace TT8 as the TTG1 complex bHL ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.